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词条 Fiat Tempra
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Mechanics

  3. Equipment and trim levels

  4. Reports

  5. Qualities

  6. F1 Safety Car

  7. End of production

  8. Engines

  9. Notes

  10. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Infobox automobile
|image = Fiat Tempra 1993 SX ie cat.jpg
|name = Fiat Tempra
|manufacturer = Fiat
Tofaş
Mekong Auto[1]
|production = 1990—1999
|assembly = Cassino Plant, Piedimonte San Germano, Lazio, Italy[2] (1990—1998)
Bursa, Turkey (1990—1999)
Betim, Brazil (1991—1998)
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (1996-2000)[1]
Changhua, Taiwan (1994-2000)
|layout = Front-engine, front-wheel drive / four-wheel drive (estate)
|body_style = 2-door saloon (Brazil)
4-door saloon
5-door station wagon
5-door panel van
|predecessor = Fiat Regata
|successor = Fiat Marea
|platform = Type Three platform (Tipo Tre)[3]
|aka = Fiat Marengo (panel van)
|class = Small family car (C)
|transmission = 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
"Selecta" CVT[4]
|wheelbase = {{convert|2540|mm|in||abbr=on}}
|length = Saloon: {{convert|4355|mm|in||abbr=on}}
Station Wagon: {{convert|4472|mm|in||abbr=on}}
|width = {{convert|1695|mm|in||abbr=on}}
|height = {{convert|1445|mm|in||abbr=on}}
|weight = {{convert|1030|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}-{{convert|1220|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}[6]
|engine = 1.4 L I4
1.6 L I4
1.8 L I4
2.0 L I4
2.0 L turbo I4
1.9 L diesel I4
1.9 L turbodiesel I4
|related = Alfa Romeo 155
Lancia Dedra
|designer = Ercole Spada at I.DE.A Institute
}}

The Fiat Tempra (Type 159) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Fiat from 1990 to 1996. The Tempra was intended as a replacement for the Fiat Regata. The original project was called Tipo 3, being a mid size car between the Fiat Tipo (project Tipo 2) and the bigger Fiat Croma (project Tipo 4). The Tempra shares its Type Three platform with the Lancia Dedra and Alfa Romeo 155.

The Tempra was named the 1991 Semperit Irish Car of the Year in Ireland.

Overview

The Tempra saloon was showed for the first time in newspapers in November 1989 and introduced in February 1990 at the Geneva Salon, with the station wagon (marketed as the "Tempra SW") arriving two months later in Turin.[5] The initial engine range comprised 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 petrol units and normally aspirated and turbocharged 1.9 litre diesel units.

The car began to be produced in Brazil for Latin American markets, after being introduced in Aruba, September 1991. First seen in September 1992, a two door coupé version of it, was produced exclusively for the Brazilian market.[6] It was built until 1995 and a turbocharged petrol version was also available there.[7]

Mechanics

The Tempra's engine range was similar to that of the Tipo. Initially 1.4 and 1.6 litre models had carburettor engines. Both of these models were discontinued in 1992, due to the new European emission standards, and thus all models from 1992 on had catalytic converters and electronic injection.

Transmission was a standard five speed manual, but for the first time a midsize sedan was offered as with a continuously variable transmission which was previously available on the Fiat Uno, Panda, Ritmo and Tipo.

This, called the "Selecta", was available only with the 1.6 litre engine with either bodystyle.[5] As of July 1991, the 2.0 litre SX model became available with an optional four speed automatic transmission.[8]

Presented in Geneva 1992 (March), there was a version of the station wagon which offered the two litre engine, combined with permanent four wheel drive. The four wheel drive version had a slight front bias (56/44%).[9]

During its six year production run, few changes were made apart from a minor facelift in April 1993, which resulted in a new front grille and other minor styling changes, as well as new equipment levels.

Main parts (most notably, the doors) were shared with the Fiat Tipo. Other vehicles, derived from the same chassis were Lancia Dedra (Tempra's most similar cousin, sharing all mechanical components) and Alfa Romeo 155.

The Fiat Tempra had two exclusive options in Brazil: two door version for any engine option (from 1992 to 1994), and a 2.0-litre turbo, which was sold with the two door as "Tempra Turbo" (1994 to 1995) and with the four door as "Tempra Turbo Stile" (1996 to 1997). The engine delivered around {{Convert|163|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|26.5|kgf.m|lbft Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. Car magazine tests registered 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 8,2 seconds and a top speed of {{Convert|213|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} by the Tempra Turbo two door 1994. As remark, the Tempra Turbo 1994 was the second turbocharged car to be produced in Brazil. The first one was the Uno Turbo, also in 1994.

Equipment and trim levels

Only two trim levels were available in its early years: standard (S) and SX, both reasonably equipped considering the Tempra's low price.

SX models for example, featured power windows, power locks, adjustable belts and steering wheel, front fog lights, body coloured bumpers, velvet upholstery, a futuristic digital dashboard and many other standard extras. They were also available with optional extras like anti lock brakes, alloy wheels, sunroof, electronic climate control, etc.

A facelift in April 1993 featured more trim levels, now ranging from the standard models ("L" in the United Kingdom, where it was only available with 1.4 engine) via the S and SX to the top SLX, which was only available with 1.8, and 2.0 litre engines in the United Kingdom. An optional driver's airbag was another innovation that year.

The four wheel drive Station Wagons continued to be available in some markets, such as Switzerland.[10]

In Turkey, where Tofaş built the car, there were also "SX A" and "SX AK" (climate control added) versions available. The 1,000,000th Tofaş built was a Tempra 2.0 i.e. 16V. The Turkish 16 valve Tempra was not sold in the rest of Europe; it was also available with station wagon bodywork and has a {{convert|148|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} engine.[11]

There was also the domestic market Marengo, a name also used before with the Regata Weekend and later again with the Marea Wagon. This is a commercial version of the Tempra which was based on the Station Wagon version, but with basic equipment, heavily tinted rear windows, and no rear seats. The engines were most commonly the naturally aspirated diesels.

Reports

Quattroruote, a popular Italian motoring magazine, reported some failures and defects with the Tempra. The first issue to be reported was some water ingress through the windscreen seals, an issue that previously plagued some other Fiat vehicles, especially Alfa 33, which in rainy conditions would carry a significant quantity of water on board. This problem was reported from 1990–92, and was resolved with using a higher quantity of sealant when fitting the glass.

Another reported problem was a high oil consumption, especially the 1,581 cc engine, which was a common defect with Tipo (with the same engine) and Panda (1000 FIRE engine). The same was reported for other Fiat's vehicles, but disappeared with the new 1.6 L 66 kW engine.

On the same model, from 1994, the car started to show some electronic malfunctions, with items such as the electronic control unit, code key and electric system. A design flaw of the Tempra was that its rear window was too small and inclined and the tail too tall, so that rear visibility was poor. This issue was common with the 155 and Dedra, and was one of the reason the estate had more success than the saloon,[12] especially in the United Kingdom.

Qualities

Since the beginning, the Tempra was presented as a cheap and reliable car.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} 1.4 and 1.6 engines were able to run long distances with good fuel economy, also aided by a high capacity tanks of {{Convert|65|L|usgal impgal|0}} for the sedan and {{Convert|70|L|usgal impgal|0|abbr=on}} for the Station Wagon.

Average range for a 55 kW 1.6 litre sedan was around {{convert|920|km|0|abbr=on}} ({{convert|14|km/L|l/100 km mpgimp|1|abbr=on|disp=or}}), and consumption at constant speed was of {{convert|16.5|km/L|l/100 km mpgimp|1|abbr=on}} at {{convert|90|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|11.6|km/L|l/100 km mpgimp|1|abbr=on}} at {{convert|130|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}}. All these were aided by a favourable aerodynamic (Cx 0.297) and only 17.2 PS subtracted at {{convert|100|km/h|mi/h|0|abbr=on}}, which was the best result among all the rivals.[13]

Another advantage was the galvanized structure, which allowed the model to be resistant against rust over the time, also showing a good response to weather and bad climate conditions after many years. Other qualities were the strength and reliability of the mechanics, thanks to the engine that could be used in urban drive, extra urban and highways.

For its luggage capacity, especially the Marengo version, was also one of the favourites among companies with the 1929 cc diesel engine, and the interior space was comfortable for five persons during long travels.

F1 Safety Car

A Brazilian produced version of the 16 valve Tempra had the honourable role of being used in Formula One as the Safety Car during the {{F1|1993}} season, most notably at the Brazilian Grand Prix.[14]

End of production

The Tempra was discontinued in Europe in August 1996, and in Brazil in 1998. It was replaced by the Fiat Marea, which is based on the Fiat Bravo and Fiat Brava platform, the replacements for the Tempra's sister car the Fiat Tipo. In Brazil, 204,795 Tempras were produced in eight years,[15] and in Turkey, where the car was manufactured by Tofaş from November 1990[16] until 1999, 129,590 were made.

{{Clear}}

Engines

ModelEngine layoutEngine codeDisplacementPowerTorqueNotes
1.4 SI4 SOHC 159A2.000 1,372 cc57|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|56|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm		108|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,900 rpm
ECE: {{convert|106|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,900 rpm		 carburator
1.4 i.e.I4 SOHC 160A1.046 1,372 cc52|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|51|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm		108|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,900 rpm
ECE: {{convert|106|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm		 cat and fuel injection
1.6 SI4 SOHC 159A3.000 1,581 cc63|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5,800 rpm
ECE: {{convert|62|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5,800 rpm		132|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,900 rpm
ECE: {{convert|130|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,900 rpm		 carburator
1.6 i.e.I4 SOHC 159A3.000 1,581 cc59|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|57|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm		128|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|124|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm		 cat and fuel injection (until 1992)
1.6 i.e.I4 SOHC 835C1.000
159A3.048 (Selecta)		1,581 cc56|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|55|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm		128|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|125|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm		 cat and fuel injection (after 1992)
93|PS|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} at 5,750 rpm136|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,750 rpm No catalyzer (Turkey and other markets)[11]
1.8 i.e.I4 DOHC 159A4.000 1,756 cc81|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|80|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm		142|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,500 rpm
ECE: {{convert|140|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,500 rpm		fuel injection
1.8 i.e.I4 DOHC 835C2.000 1,756 cc77|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|76|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm		140|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|137|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm		{{convert>66|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} DIN in some markets[17]
2.0I4 8V DOHC1,995 cc71|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5,250 rpm159|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpmcarburetted Brazilian model[6]
2.0 i.e.I4 8V DOHC 159A6.046 1,995 cc115|PS|kW|0|abbr=on|disp=flip}} at 5,750 rpm
ECE: {{convert|83|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5,750 rpm		159|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,300 rpm
ECE: {{convert|156|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,300 rpm		cat and fuel injection
2.0 i.e. 16VI4 16V DOHC1,995 cc 92|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5,750 rpm
DIN: {{convert|148|PS|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} at 6,250 rpm		177|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 4,750 rpm
DIN: {{convert|186|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 5,000 rpm		Brazilian model[6]
Turkish model[11]
2.0 i.e. TurboI4 8V DOHC1,995 ccDIN: 121 kW (165 PS) at 5,250 rpm
260|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm
(1993-1996 2-door and 1995-1998 4-door Tempra Turbo Stile)
Brazilian model
1.9 DI4 SOHC 160A7.000 1,929 cc48|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4,600 rpm119|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,000 rpm
1.9 TDI4 SOHC 160A6.000 1,929 cc60|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm
ECE: {{convert|59|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm		173|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,800 rpm
 		with EGR
1.9 TDI4 SOHC 160A6.000 1,929 cc68|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4,100 rpm
ECE: {{convert|66|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4,100 rpm		191|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,400 rpm
ECE: {{convert|186|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,400 rpm

Notes

1. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ppjam4YUSiUC&pg=PA265 |title=Cases in the Environment of Business|accessdate=1 January 2009|author=David W. Conklin|work=books.google.fi}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1995/febbraio/23/Fiat_raggiunge_accordo_per_Cassino_co_0_95022310816.shtml|title=Fiat raggiunge l' accordo per Cassino|accessdate=2 January 2009|work=archiviostorico.corriere.it}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm#TDUE |title=Fiat Type platform |publisher=Fiat-tipo-portugal.com |date= |accessdate=30 September 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305183446/http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm#TDUE |archivedate=5 March 2012 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.carsfromitaly.net/fiat/index.html|title=Fiat Tempra|accessdate=30 December 2007|work=carsfromitaly.net}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite book | title = Automobil Revue 1991 | editor-last = Büschi | editor-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag AG | location = Berne, Switzerland | language = German, French | pages = 267–268 | volume = 86 |date=March 1991 | isbn = 3-444-00514-8 }}
6. ^1 2 {{cite book | title = Automobil Revue 1994 | editor-last = Büschi | editor-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag AG | location = Berne, Switzerland | language = German, French | pages = 255–256 | volume = 89 |date=10 March 1994 | isbn = 3-444-00584-9 }}
7. ^{{cite web | title = A quick look at the Fiat Tempra Coupe | first = Ronan | last = Glon | url = http://ranwhenparked.net/2011/03/13/a-quick-look-at-the-fiat-tempra-coupe/ | date = 13 March 2011 | work = Ran When Parked | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110624193509/http://ranwhenparked.net/2011/03/13/a-quick-look-at-the-fiat-tempra-coupe/ | archivedate = 24 June 2011 | df = }}
8. ^{{Cite book | title = Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1992 | publisher = Editoriale Domus S.p.A | year = 1992 | language = Italian | page = 241 | location = Milano }}
9. ^Automobil Revue 1994, p. 252
10. ^Automobil Revue 1994, p. 102
11. ^1 2 {{ cite journal | title = Türk pazarındaki otomobillerin teknik verileri | trans-title = Technical data for Turkish market automobiles | journal = Auto Capital |date=December 1996 | page = 114 | number = 1 | editor-first = Hakan | editor-last = Özenen | publisher = Hürgüç Gazetecilik A.Ş. | location = Istanbul, Turkey | language = Turkish }}
12. ^Quattroruote; December 1995
13. ^Quattroruote; September 1992
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://karakullake.blogspot.com.au/2007/12/f1-safety-cars-bumpy-ride.html|title=The F1 Safety Car's Bumpy Ride|date=22 December 2007|accessdate=3 April 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.uol.com.br/bestcars/classicos/tempra-7.htm|title=Best Cars Web Site|accessdate=30 December 2007|work=uol.com.br|language=pt}}
16. ^Automobil Revue 1994, p. 526
17. ^Automobil Revue 1994, pp. 250-251

External links

{{Commons category|Fiat Tempra}}
  • [https://www.facebook.com/fiat.tempra Fiat Tempra Facebook Fan Page]
  • Fiat Tempra-webSite {{tr icon}}
  • Fiat Tempra {{pt icon}}
  • Fiat Tempra (BG)
  • Team & Tipo Team - Polish T/T Club
{{Fiat}}{{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}

11 : Fiat vehicles|Mid-size cars|Front-wheel-drive vehicles|All-wheel-drive vehicles|Sedans|Station wagons|1990s cars|Cars introduced in 1990|Vehicles with CVT transmission|Cars of Turkey|Cars of Brazil
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