“Fillmore East”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Fillmore East was rock promoter Bill Graham's rock venue on Second Avenue near East 6th Street in the (at the time) Lower East Side neighborhood, now called the East Village neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan of New York City. It was open from March 8, 1968, to June 27, 1971, and featured some of the biggest acts in rock music at the time. The Fillmore East was a companion to Graham's Fillmore Auditorium, and its successor, the Fillmore West, in San Francisco, Graham's home base.

Pre-Fillmore East

The theatre at 105 Second Avenue that became the Fillmore East was originally built as a Yiddish theater in 1925-26 – designed by Harrison Wiseman in the Medieval Revival style – at a time when the section of Second Avenue was known as the "Yiddish Theater District" and the "Jewish Rialto"^[1] because of the numerous theatres that catered to a Yiddish-speaking audience. Called the Commodore Theater, and independently operated, it eventually was taken over by Loews Inc. and became a movie theater, the Loews Commodore. It later became the Village Theatre, owned by Roger Euster, with on-site management by Bill Barenholtz.^[1]^[3] When Bill Graham took over the theatre in 1968, it had fallen into disrepair. Despite the deceptively small marquee and façade, the theater had a capacity of almost 2,700.

Fillmore East years

The venue provided Graham with an East Coast counterpart to his existing Fillmore in San Francisco, California.^[2] Opening on March 8, 1968, the Fillmore East quickly became known as "The Church of Rock and Roll," with two-show, triple-bill concerts several nights a week. Graham would regularly alternate acts between the East and West Coast venues. Until early 1971, bands were booked to play two shows per night, at 8 pm and 11 pm, on both Friday and Saturday nights.

Notable acts

Among the notable acts to play the Fillmore East was Jimi Hendrix. His album Band of Gypsys was recorded live on New Year's Day 1970. However, even before Hendrix hit the stage, British blues-rock trio Cream played the Fillmore East when it was called the "Village Theater" on September 20 & 23 1967.^[3] The Kinks played October 17th and 18th, 1969, supported by the Bonzo Dog Band. John Lennon and Yoko Ono sat in with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention at the theater on June 6, 1971. The Allman Brothers Band played so many shows at Fillmore East that they were sometimes called "Bill Graham's house band"; additionally, the Grateful Dead played a total of 43 concerts at the theater from June 1968 through April 1971. Jefferson Airplane performed six shows and Taj Mahal played eight shows at the venue, while Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young did four shows in September 1969 and six performances in June 1970.^[4]^[5] Led Zeppelin made four appearances in early 1969, opening for Iron Butterfly. Amateur film footage of their January 31 performance can be viewed at the Led Zeppelin website.^[6]

The Joshua Light Show, headed by Joshua White, was an integral part of many performances, with its psychedelic art lighting on a backdrop behind many live bands.^[7] From the summer of 1970, the Pig Light Show under the direction of Marc L. Rubinstein performed at the theater from time to time trading duties until the venue's closing in 1971 with Joe's Lights, made up of former members of the Joshua Light Show which remained the de facto house light show.

Live albums

Because of the auditorium's great acoustics, many live albums were recorded at the Fillmore East, including:

Closing

Because of changes in the music industry and large growth in the concert industry, Graham closed the Fillmore East. The final concert took place on June 27, 1971, with three billed acts (The Allman Brothers Band, The J. Geils Band, Albert King) and special surprise guests (Edgar Winter's White Trash, Mountain, The Beach Boys, Country Joe McDonald) in an invitation-only performance.^[9]

The concert was simulcast live by New York City radio stations WPLJ and WNEW-FM, with between-set banter by many of New York's then-trend-setting disc jockeys (including WPLJ's Dave Herman and Vin Scelsa and WNEW-FM's Scott Muni and Alison Steele) among them.

The Allman Brothers Band set was released as the second disc of the deluxe edition/remastered version of their Eat a Peach (1972 and 2006) album. In 2014, a six-disc set featuring the Allman Brothers Band's early and late shows at the Fillmore East of March 12 and 13, 1971 and including their performance on the venue's final night of June 27, 1971 was issued as The 1971 Fillmore East Recordings.

Afterlife

On November 17, 1972, the Fillmore East reopened as Villageast with "Virgin: A New Rock Opera Concert by The Mission". After a short run the Rock Opera closed and on December 15, 1972, Jerry Fuchs presented the opening night of concerts with a performance featuring Bloodrock, Elephants Memory and Trapeze. On December 16, 1972, the bill was Bloodrock, Foghat and The Fabulous Rhinestones. Fuchs went on to present several other concerts at Villageast including the New York Dolls and Teenage Lust on December 23, Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley on December 27, Steve Miller Band and Seatrain on December 28 and Roy Buchanan and Crazy Horse on December 30 and 31, 1972.

On December 7, 1974, Barry Stuart (Stein), reopened the venue as the NFE Theatre ("NFE" stood for "New Fillmore East") with a concert presenting Bachman-Turner Overdrive. On December 31, 1974, the Ike & Tina Turner Revue headlined a bill that included Quicksilver Messenger Service and Hidden Strength. It operated through 1975, but was renamed the "Village East", supposedly due to objections from Bill Graham over the use of the Fillmore name.

From 1980 to 1988, the renovated venue was home to The Saint, a private gay superclub. As of 2013, the former lobby building is owned by the Apple Bank for Savings,^[10] which has a branch at street level, and the rest of the interior of the auditorium has been demolished and replaced with an apartment complex, Hudson East, with its entrance at 225 East 6th Street.^[11] The building at 105 Second Avenue is now part of the East Village/Lower East Side Historic District, created in October 2012.^[12] In October 2014, the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation unveiled a historic plaque on the building at a ceremony featuring Joshua White of the Joshua Light Show and critic/guitarist Lenny Kaye.^[13]

References

1. ^¹{{cite AIA4}}
2. ^Shelton, Robert. "7,500 Attend Concerts at the Fillmore East." The New York Times, April 1, 1968, p. 56.
3. ^Cream by Chris Welch
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.fillmore-east.com/showlist.html|title=Show Listings|accessdate=May 9, 2007|publisher=Fillmore East Preservation Society|year=n.d.}}
5. ^http://www.sugarmtn.org/year.php?year=1970
6. ^"Fillmore East – Jan 31, 1969" on LedZeppelin.com
7. ^Del Signore, John, Joshua White, "The Joshua Light Show" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214064929/http://gothamist.com/2007/04/02/interview_joshu.php |date=February 14, 2012 }}, Gothamist, April 2, 2007.
8. ^PBS Channel 13 in NYC area is WNET not WNDT
9. ^Perkins, Willie. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MxAHFcWFlhIC&pg=PA56&dq=the+alman+brothers+At+Fillmore+East&lr=&cd=5#v=onepage&q=&f=false No saints, no saviors: my years with the Allman Brothers Band], pg. 57, Mercer University Press (2005), {{ISBN|0-86554-967-2}}
10. ^Apple Bank for Savings#Acquisition of 29 Emigrant Bank branches in 2013 Acquisition of 29 Emigrant Bank branches in April 2013
11. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/07/nyregion/apartments-rising-on-site-of-fillmore-east-and-saint.html|first=Rachelle |last=Garbarine |title=Apartments Rising on Site Of Fillmore East and Saint |work=The New York Times|date=March 7, 1997}} Accessed April 30, 2010.
12. ^¹Brazee, Christopher D., et al. "East Village/Lower East Side Historic District Designation Report" New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (October 9, 2012)
13. ^{{cite web|title=Fillmore East Plaque Unveiling Event Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vdz5OGJTWs&list=PLOUarB7JkpZJkAj1mx5TcUCxzCdcM7N7T|publisher=Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation|accessdate=10 February 2015}}
14. ^Huhn, Mary. "Get on the Bandwagoner" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011110056/http://www.nypost.com/seven/03302007/entertainment/music/get_on_the_bandwagoner_music_mary_huhn.htm?page=0 |date=October 11, 2007 }}, New York Post, March 30, 2007. Accessed May 29, 2009.
15. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/01/arts/music/01irving.html|title=Rethinking, Irving Plaza Keeps Its Maiden Name|last=Sisario|first=Ben|date=May 31, 2010|accessdate=June 1, 2010|work=New York Times}}