| 词条 | Thomas Henry Holland |
| 释义 |
| name = Thomas Henry Holland | image = T_H_Holland.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth-date|22 November 1868}} | birth_place = Helston, Cornwall, England | death_date = {{death-date and age|15 May 1947|22 November 1868}} | death_place = | death_cause = | restingplace = | nationality = | religion = | ethnicity = | residence = | education = | alma mater = Royal College of Science Owens College | occupation = Geologist, university administrator | party = | salary = | networth = | spouse = | parents = | children = | relatives = | website = }}Sir Thomas Henry Holland KCSI KCIE FRS[1] FRSE LLD (22 November 1868 – 15 May 1947) was a British geologist who worked in India with the Geological Survey of India, serving as its director from 1903 to 1910. He later worked as an educational administrator at Edinburgh University.[1] Early lifeThomas Holland was born on 22 November 1868 in Helston, Cornwall,[2] to John Holland and Grace Treloar Roberts who later emigrated to Canada to live in a farm in Springfield, Manitoba.[3] In 1884, Thomas won a scholarship to study at the Royal College of Science, graduating with a first class degree in Geology. The dean at the Royal College of Science, Thomas Henry Huxley, made a great impression on Holland. He stayed on as an assistant to Professor John Wesley Judd and was awarded a Berkeley Fellowship at Owens College, Manchester, in 1889.[2] CareerIn 1890, Holland was appointed Assistant Superintendent of the Geological Survey of India and curator of the Geological Museum and Laboratory. In 1903, he was appointed Director of the Geological Survey of India and in 1904 he was elected to be a Fellow of the Royal Society. Holland produced the first scientific description of what he named as charnockite from Job Charnock's tombstone near Calcutta which had been brought from somewhere in Madras.[4] Holland continued work on the gneisses of southern India that had earlier been classified by William King and Robert Bruce Foote. Holland reclassified the hypersthene granites as acidic (the charnockites, with the type being from St Thomas Mount), the intermediate, basic, and ultrabasic. In 1908, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) for his services to the Geological Survey of India.[2] He returned to Britain in 1910, and in 1912 he was appointed to the Royal Commission on Fuel and Engines.[5][6] He was president of the British Association in 1928–1929.[7] Under the editorship of Holland a four volume "Provincial Geographies of India" series was published between 1913 and 1923 from the Cambridge University Press. Holland was Rector of Imperial College London[8] from 1922 to 1929 and Principal of the University of Edinburgh from 1929 to 1944. The Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts for 1939 was awarded to Sir Thomas H. Holland, "for his services to the mineral industries". He was also a member of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society.[1] From 1929 until 1940 he was Principal of Edinburgh University. In 1930 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir James Alfred Ewing, Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, Ralph Allan Sampson and James Hartley Ashworth. He served as the Society's Vice-President from 1932 to 1935. He served as President of the Geographical Association in 1937-8. He won the Society's Bruce Preller Prize for 1941.[9] DeathHolland died unexpectedly at his home in Surbiton on 15 May 1947.[10] FamilyHe married twice: firstly in 1896 to Frances Maud Chapman (d.1942); secondly in 1946, aged 78, to Helen Ethleen Verrall.[2] References1. ^1 {{ODNBweb|id=33945|title=Holland, Sir Thomas Henry}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal | last1 = Fermor | first1 = L. L. | authorlink = Lewis Leigh Fermor| title = Thomas Henry Holland. 1868–1947 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1948.0021 | journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 6 | issue = 17 | pages = 83 | year = 1948 | jstor = 768913}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf}} 4. ^A. Raman: The Madras charnockite. Expressbuzz {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629063334/http://expressbuzz.com/|date=29 June 2010}}, 10 November 2009. 5. ^{{cite web|last=MacLeod |first=R.M. |title=Holland, Sir Thomas Henry (1868–1947) |work=Dictionary of National Biography |year=2004 |format={{ODNBsub}} |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/33945}} 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=28632|pages=5721–2|date=2 August 1912|nolink=y}} 7. ^[https://archive.org/stream/reportofbritisha30adva#page/22/mode/2up Presidential Address to the British Association Meeting], held at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in 1929 8. ^Sir Thomas H. Holland, KCSI, KCIE, DSC, LLD, FRS {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616085145/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/aboutimperial/imperial_people/pastrectors/holland |date=16 June 2011 }}, Imperial College, London, London, UK. 9. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf}} 10. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Fermor | first1 = L. L. | title = Sir Thomas Holland, K.C.S.I., K.C.I.E., F.R.S | doi = 10.1038/160011a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 160 | issue = 4053 | pages = 11 | year = 1947 }}. External links{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=Author:Thomas Henry Holland | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=q1647836}}
| title = Rector of Imperial College London | years = 1922–1929 | before = Alfred Keogh | after = Henry Tizard }}{{succession box | title=Edinburgh University Principals | years=1929–1944 | before=Sir Alfred James Ewing | after=Sir John Fraser }}{{s-end}}{{GLS Presidents}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Holland, Thomas Henry}} 13 : 1868 births|1947 deaths|People from Helston|Alumni of Imperial College London|Cornish geologists|British curators|Principals of the University of Edinburgh|Rectors of Imperial College London|Fellows of the Royal Society|Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India|Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire|Presidents of The Asiatic Society|Presidents of the British Science Association |
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