词条 | First Balkenende cabinet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| cabinet_name = First Balkenende cabinet | cabinet_type = | cabinet_number = 64th | jurisdiction = the Netherlands | flag = Flag of the Netherlands.svg | flag_border = true | incumbent = | image = Kabinet-Balkenende I.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = The installation of the First Balkenende cabinet on 22 July 2002 | image2 = ZetelsBalkenendeI.svg | image_size2 = 250px | date_formed = {{Start date|2002|07|22|df=y}} | date_dissolved = {{End date|2003|05|27|df=y}} (Demissionary from {{End date|2002|10|16|df=y}}) | government_head = Jan Peter Balkenende | government_head_history = | deputy_government_head = Eduard Bomhoff (2002) Johan Remkes Roelf de Boer (2002–2003) | state_head = Queen Beatrix | members_number = 14 | former_members_number = 3 | total_number = 14 | political_party = Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) | legislature_status = Right-wing Majority government | opposition_party = Labour Party | opposition_leader = Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven (2002) Wouter Bos (2002–2003) | election = 2002 election | last_election = 2003 election | legislature_term = 2002–2003 | incoming_formation = 2002 formation | outgoing_formation = 2003 formation | previous = Second Kok cabinet | successor = Second Balkenende cabinet | state_head_title = Monarch | government_head_title = Prime Minister | deputy_government_head_title = Deputy Prime Minister }}{{Politics of the Netherlands}} The First Balkenende cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 22 July 2002 until 27 May 2003. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) after the election of 2002. The right-wing cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives. It was the first of four cabinets of Jan Peter Balkenende, the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal as Prime Minister, with Eduard Bomhoff and Roelf de Boer of the Pim Fortuyn List and Johan Remkes of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy serving as Deputy Prime Ministers.[1] FormationOn 17 May 2002 Queen Beatrix appointed Member of the Council of State Piet Hein Donner (CDA) as "informer", to investigate the possibilities for a new government. A coalition between CDA, LPF and VVD was established relatively quickly, despite some initial resistance by the VVD. By 4 July a detailed coalition agreement had been drawn up and the Queen appointed Jan Peter Balkenende, the lijsttrekker for the CDA, to form a new cabinet. The cabinet was named on 16 July and was sworn in on 22 July. The first Balkenende cabinet comprised 14 ministers and 14 State Secretaries, with each post allocated to one of the coalition parties. Each of the ministers headed a department, with the exception of one "minister without a portfolio" to deal with "foreigners policy and integration", accommodated by the Ministry of Justice. TermIncidents and scandalsThe first Balkenende cabinet was very unstable from the beginning. Elections had been held in the very recent aftermath of the assassination of Pim Fortuyn, the leader of the newly established Pim Fortuyn List. Emotions in the Netherlands had run very high. The LPF was catapulted into enormous wins, but was unprepared for cabinet participation. Only three of the 27 cabinet members had previous experience in government, leading to speculation that it wouldn't last long. As it turned out, personality conflicts and the general inexperience of LPF cabinet members led to the rapid implosion of the cabinet after a little more than two months. Resignation of State Secretary BijlhoutThe first scandal in the new government came only nine hours after it took office. Philomena Bijlhout, the State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment and a member of the LPF, resigned after RTL 4 reported that she had been a member of a militia of Surinamese military dictator Dési Bouterse in 1982 and 1983. This was during the period when the militia had committed the political murders known as the "December Murders". Bijlhout, who was born in Suriname, had never denied being part of the militia, but claimed she'd left prior to the December Murders.[2] Power struggles within the LPF and resignation of the cabinetIn the months following the election, the LPF was beset by power struggles between various factions. A big incident was when Immigration and Integration Minister Hilbrand Nawijn declared to be in favour of the death penalty. The cabinet was officially opposed to the death penalty. Nawijn responded that he made his remark as leader of the LPF. The party in its turn declared that it was opposed to the death penalty. Nawijn was highly criticised when he declared that it was a personal remark, because it was normal that a minister in a coalition cabinet could make remarks as a party member outside his ministerial responsibility. In September and October Herman Heinsbroek speculated in public about leading a new party and resigning from the government. This led to tension between him and his supporter Steven van Eyck and Bomhoff. VVD-leader Zalm tried to convince the LPF ministers to replace both Bomhoff and Heinsbroek but his real aim was to use these resignations to call for new elections and to repair the huge losses of his VVD party in the election after the murder of Fortuyn. Disregarding Bomhoff's warnings, the other LPF ministers took the bait and told Bomhoff and Heinsbroek to resign, which they did on October 16. Immediately, Zalm broke his commitment to the remaining LPF ministers to accept replacements for Bomhoff and Heinsbroek and called for fresh elections. Meetings with the Queen did not take place until the week after the resignation, since she had travelled to Italy immediately after the funeral. On 21 October she accepted the resignation and new elections were called for 22 January 2003. The cabinet remained in place as a demissionary cabinet, without Bomhoff and Heinsbroek, until the elections and formation of the second Balkenende cabinet. On 12 December 2002 Benk Korthals resigned as caretaker Minister of Defence after a commission of inquiry into building industry fraud accused him of giving false information to the Lower House during the previous cabinet. After resigning he said he still denied the allegations. After the ensuing new elections, the LPF lost two-thirds of its seats in the House of Representatives. The party was never a significant force in Dutch politics again, and dissolved in 2008. The term of 87 days (counting the first and last days in full and excluding its "caretaker" function that continued for months afterwards) was the shortest since the fifth cabinet of Hendrikus Colijn (25 July 1939 – 10 August 1939). Actions
Compotision
{{note_label|resigned|Res}} Resigned. {{note_label|title|Title}} Allowed to use the title of Minister while on foreign business. References1. ^{{nl icon}} {{cite web|url=https://anderetijden.nl/programma/1/Andere-Tijden/aflevering/375/LPF|title=LPF|publisher=Andere Tijden|date=16 November 2006|accessdate=11 August 2017}} 2. ^"Dutch minister resigns within hours", BBC News (Tuesday, 23 July 2002) 3. ^Telegraaf 2002-10-10 4. ^www.regering.nl 2002-12-02 5. ^www.regering.nl 2002-11-19 External links
5 : Cabinets of the Netherlands|2002 establishments in the Netherlands|2003 disestablishments in the Netherlands|Cabinets established in 2002|Cabinets disestablished in 2003 |
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