1. Plot

2. Cast

3. Production
    Spacesuits used  Shooting 

4. Critical reception

5. Comic book adaptation

6. References

7. External links

Plot

In 1964, the United Nations (UN) has launched a rocket flight to the Moon. A multi-national group of astronauts in the UN spacecraft land on the Moon, believing themselves to be the first lunar explorers. However, they discover a Union Jack flag on the surface and a note mentioning Katherine Callender, which claims the Moon for Queen Victoria. Attempting to trace Callender, UN authorities find she has died but that her husband Arnold Bedford is still living, and resides in an old people's home. The nursing home staff do not let him watch television reports of the expedition because, according to the matron, it "excites him", and dismiss his claims to have been on the Moon as an insane delusion. The UN representatives question him about the Moon and he tells them his story. The rest of the film, as a flashback, shows what Bedford and Professor Cavor did in the 1890s.

In 1899, Arnold Bedford and his fiancée Katherine Callender – known as Kate – meet an inventor, Joseph Cavor, who has invented Cavorite, a substance that will let anything it is applied to or made of deflect the force of gravity and which he plans to use to travel to the Moon. Cavor has already built a spherical spaceship for this purpose, taking Arnold and (accidentally) Kate with him. While exploring the Moon, Bedford and Cavor fall down a vertical shaft and discover to their amazement an insectoid population, the Selenites, living beneath the surface. (Cavor coins this name for the creatures after the Greek goddess of the moon, Selene). Bedford attacks a group of Selenites in fear -- killing several, despite Cavor's horrified protests. After escaping from the Selenites back to the surface, they discover that their ship, still containing Kate (who stayed behind because Cavor had brought only two spacesuits), has been dragged into their underground city.

The two, following the drag trail, find and enter the city. The city holds a breathable atmosphere, so they remove and leave their spacesuit helmets. Upon finding the living quarters, they are attacked by a giant caterpillar-like "moon bull" which pursues them until the Selenites find out and are able to kill it with their tesla coil-like electrical stun ray gun. Cavor and Bedford see the city's power station, powered by sunlight. In the end, they reach their ship underground. The Selenites quickly learn English and interrogate Cavor, who believes they wish to exchange scientific knowledge; this also leads up to Cavor having a discussion with the "Grand Lunar", the ruling entity of the Selenites. Bedford, however, upon entering the chamber just as the Grand Lunar voices his concerns over human aggressiveness, makes the assumption that Cavor, and presumably all humanity, is on trial, attempts to kill the Grand Lunar with an elephant gun -- failing due to Cavor's attempts to stop him. Running for their lives, Bedford manages to find the sphere and escape, but Cavor stays voluntarily on the Moon.

Bedford, along with Kate, flies the ship up a vertical shaft, shattering the window cover at the top, and back to Earth. The aged Bedford concludes his story by mentioning that the ship came down in the sea off Zanzibar, and sank, but he and Kate managed to swim ashore. Cavor's ultimate fate remained unknown.

Back in the present day, Bedford, the UN party and newspaper reporters watch on television the latest events on the Moon, where the UN astronauts have broken into the Selenite city and find it deserted and decaying. Moments later, the ruined city starts to crumble and collapse, forcing the landing crew to retreat hastily, and seconds later the city -- and all of its history -- is completely destroyed. Bedford realizes that the Selenites must have been killed off by Cavor's common cold viruses to which they had no immunity.

Cast

• Edward Judd as Bedford
• Martha Hyer as Kate
• Lionel Jeffries as Cavor
• Miles Malleson as Dymchurch registrar
• Norman Bird as Stuart
• Gladys Henson as nursing home matron
• Hugh McDermott as Richard Challis, UN Space Agency
• Betty McDowall as Margaret Hoy, UN Space Agency
• Huw Thomas as announcer
• Erik Chitty as Gibbs
• Peter Finch as bailiff's man
• Marne Maitland as Dr. Tok, UN Space Agency

Production

This was the third collaboration between producer Charles Schneer and director Nathan Juran. ^[3]

Edward Judd was under contract to Columbia Pictures at the time. "I had never done anything like that at the time, so I thought it would be fun," Judd said. "Since Lionel was already a great chum of min I knew we would have laughs on the set.^[5]

Ray Harryhausen used blueprints from NASA for the lunar landcraft to design sets.^[3]

Spacesuits used

Two types of space suits are featured. During the main events of the story, which take place in the 1890s, the film's Victorian-era astronauts are outfitted in standard diving dresses (each fitted with a 1960s-type aqualung cylinder worn as a backpack), as spacesuits. Their suits are neither pressurised nor heated or cooled, and they do not wear protective gloves despite the vacuum of space and extreme cold and heat of the lunar surface. There are other technical issues confronting the Victorian explorerers: even with heating and cooling provided, using rubber-lined diving suits on the Moon is impractical. Even before the space age began, the 1948 science fiction short story, "Gentlemen, Be Seated!" by Robert A. Heinlein, deftly describes the brittleness of rubber once it is exposed to the vacuum of space.

Cavor and Bedford have no radio and must make their helmets touch each other to talk in the vacuum (although the filmmakers violate this rule several times). It is not clear whether the Selenites have radio. The history of radio was only just starting when the 1890s events were set. Wireless communication from Cavor in the Moon appears in H. G. Wells's novel.

The spacesuit worn by the UN Astronauts is actually the Windak high-altitude pressure suit,^[6] developed for the Royal Air Force (here each fitted with a 1960s-type aqualung cylinder worn backpack). These pressure suits would also be used in two Doctor Who stories: William Hartnell's final story "The Tenth Planet" and the Patrick Troughton-era "The Wheel in Space". They also appear in the original Star Wars trilogy as the costumes for Bossk and Bo Shek.

Shooting

Filming started 1 October 1963.^[7]

"After you got past the first couple of reels, it was a funny film," said Juran. "Lionel was a swell actor. I liked him very much. His performance added immeasurably to the picture's entertainment value. He played it tongue in cheek but being such a good comic actor he controlled himself and never went too far. He made a great team with Edward Judd. Their personalities, one against the other, were just perfect."^[3]

"It was fun to do but it was bloody hard work," said Judd. "Lionel called it 'acting with chalk marks' because we were pointing at things that weren't there, and dealing with blue backing and traveling mattes."^[5]

Harryhausen would explain to the actors what the creatures would eventually look like just before they shot scenes involving them.^[5]

"Lionel and I didn't like Jerry's working methods too much," said Judd. "He was more of a technician than an actor's director. We always thought of him as an art director, which of course he had been."^[5]

Critical reception

Among contemporary reviews, Variety wrote, "Ray Harryhausen and his special effects men have another high old time in this piece of science-fiction hokum filmed in Dynamation," adding that "Wells' novel and has been neatly updated," and concluding that "The three principals play second fiddle to the special effects and art work, which are impressive in color, construction and animation".^[8]

However, The New York Times wrote, "Only the most indulgent youngsters should derive much stimulation - let alone fun - from the tedious, heavyhanded science-fiction vehicle that arrived yesterday from England";^[9].

The Guardian called it "good of its type".^[10]

Comic book adaptation

• Gold Key: First Men in the Moon (March 1965)^[13][14]

References

External links

• {{IMDb title|0058100|First Men in the Moon}}
• {{Allmovie title|17495|First Men in the Moon}}
• {{tcmdb title|4568|First Men in the Moon}}
• {{AFI film|id=22693|title=First Men in the Moon}}

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