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词条 Flag of Northern Ireland
释义

  1. Flag of the Government of Northern Ireland (1924–1973)

  2. Official use of flags

     Local authorities 

  3. Displaying flags

  4. International sport

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| total_width =
| image1 = Flag of Northern Ireland.svg
| caption1 = The Ulster Banner
| image2 = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| caption2 = The Union Jack or Union Flag
| image3 = St Patrick's saltire.svg
| caption3 = Saint Patrick's Saltire
| image4 = NI flax V1.png
| caption4 = Northern Ireland Assembly flag[1]
| footer =
}}

The official flag of Northern Ireland is the Union Flag of the United Kingdom.[2][3][4][5] The Ulster Banner was used by the Northern Ireland government from 1953 until the government and parliament were abolished in 1973. Since then, it has had no official status.[6][7][8][9] However, it is still used as the flag of Northern Ireland by loyalists and unionists,[10][11] and to represent Northern Ireland internationally in some sporting competitions.

The Saint Patrick's Saltire represents Northern Ireland indirectly as Ireland in the Union Flag. It is sometimes flown during Saint Patrick's Day parades in Northern Ireland,[12] and is used to represent Northern Ireland during some royal events.[13]

In recent years, there have been calls for a new, neutral flag for Northern Ireland.[14][15]

Flag of the Government of Northern Ireland (1924–1973)

{{Main|Ulster Banner}}

The Ulster Banner, also known as the "Red Hand Flag" or the "Ulster Flag" (not to be confused with the provincial Flag of Ulster), was the flag that was granted a royal warrant for use to the Government of Northern Ireland in 1924. In common with other British flags, any civic status of the flag was not defined in law.[16]

The Government of Northern Ireland was granted arms (the Coat of arms of Northern Ireland) by Royal Warrant and had the right to display these arms on a flag or banner. This right was exercised for the Coronation in 1953 when the banner was flown for the first time over Parliament Buildings in honour of the Queen's visit. Also during the Queen's visit, on July 1, 1953, the Minister for Home Affairs announced that, while the Union flag was the only standard officially recognised, those who wished to have a distinctive Ulster symbol might use the banner.[17] When the Parliament of Northern Ireland was dissolved by the British government under the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973, the flag ceased to be used by a body with a royal warrant but remains the only flag {{As of|2007|alt=to date}} which represents Northern Ireland (98% of Catholics regard the flag as a symbol of unionist domination and hatred of Ireland{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}) at international level in sport.[16]

Since the Northern Ireland government and parliament were abolished in 1972, use of the Ulster Banner among loyalists has increased.[18][19]

Official use of flags

There are various practices for the flying of flags by public bodies in Northern Ireland. The Flags Regulations (Northern Ireland) Order 2000 requires that the Union Flag be flown over specified government buildings including Parliament Buildings and state offices on specified 'named days' (honouring, for example Queen Elizabeth II's official birthday).

The regulations also provides that, on the occasion of a visit to a government building by the British Monarch, the Royal Standard shall be flown and the Union Flag can be flown, and on state visits from other heads of state the Union Flag and the national flag of the country of the visitor can be flown. Where two flagpoles exist, the flag of Europe should be flown on Europe Day alongside the Union flag. The regulations prohibit any flags being flown from the relevant buildings except as expressly permitted by the regulations.[20]

When flags representing the "Home Countries" of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales are flown at official ceremonies, Northern Ireland is sometimes represented by the St. Patrick's Cross, for instance on the barge Gloriana during the 2012 Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant.[21] In May 2016 the Ulster Banner was flown from horseback during the Musical Ride of the Household Cavalry at The Queen's 90th Birthday Celebration at Windsor, alongside the flags of England, Scotland and Wales.[22][23][24]

Other regulations exist for other public bodies in Northern Ireland. Use of flags by the Police Service of Northern Ireland is governed by the Police Emblems and Flags Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2002, which provides that no flag shall be used by the Service other than its own flag.

Local authorities

Legislation relating to flag flying does not apply to District Council buildings, and District Councils follow a range of practices varying from flying the Union Flag on a number of council buildings every day of the year as at Lisburn, to flying no flags on any building, flying only the council flag or flying flags on the designated days in the same way as government buildings.[25]

In 2004, Belfast City Council commissioned a study on the flying of the Union Flag which noted that the Ulster Banner was flown alongside it by three unionist-controlled district councils at that time: Ards Borough Council, Carrickfergus Borough Council and Castlereagh Borough Council.[26] These councils have since been replaced.

Displaying flags

{{Main|Northern Ireland flags issue}}

In Northern Ireland, some members from each of the unionist and nationalist communities use flags to declare their political allegiances and to mark territory.[27] Unionists and loyalists fly the Union Flag and Ulster Banner to show their support for the union and/or their allegiance to Northern Ireland. Irish nationalists and republicans fly the Irish tricolour to show their support for a United Ireland.[28]

After the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, flags continue to be a source of disagreement in Northern Ireland. The Agreement states that:

{{quote|All participants acknowledge the sensitivity of the use of symbols and emblems for public purposes, and the need in particular in creating the new institutions to ensure that such symbols and emblems are used in a manner which promotes mutual respect rather than division.[29]}}

Nationalists pointed to this to argue that the use of the Union Flag for official purposes should be restricted, or that the Irish tricolour should be flown alongside the British flag on government buildings. Sinn Féin ministers in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive instructed that the Union Flag was not to fly from buildings operated by their respective departments.[30] This power was removed from ministers by virtue of the Flag Regulations (Northern Ireland) Order 2000, mentioned above.

All signatories to the Belfast Agreement also declare their acceptance of the 'principle of consent' (i.e. that there will be no change to the constitutional position of Northern Ireland unless a majority votes for it), and Unionists argued that this provision amounts to recognising that the Union Flag is the only legitimate official flag in Northern Ireland.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} The problem was discussed in detail and various proposals made including suggestions for a new flag.[31]

In 2013, US diplomat Richard Haass chaired talks between the political parties in Northern Ireland dealing with, among other things, the issue of flags. The resulting draft proposals, which were not agreed by the parties, included the idea of a new flag for Northern Ireland, to replace the Ulster banner.[32]

International sport

The Ulster Banner was carried by the Northern Ireland team in the Commonwealth Games.[33]

It is also regularly displayed by supporters of the Northern Ireland national football team and is displayed by FIFA as the flag of Northern Ireland.[34][35]

See also

{{portal|Northern Ireland}}
  • Northern Ireland flags issue
  • List of flags used in Northern Ireland

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rampantscotland.com/let070623.htm|title=Closer Ties With Northern Ireland|date=23 June 2007|publisher=Rampantscotland.com |access-date=3 July 2017}}
2. ^{{cite book |last=Minahan |first=James |year=2009 |title=The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jfrWCQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDy5Xrk4TOAhUKtBoKHX2zDbIQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=486 |quote=The official flag of the province is the Union Jack. There is no official national flag of Northern Ireland, following the Northern Ireland Constitution Act of 1973, nor any unofficial flag universally accepted in Northern Ireland.}}
3. ^{{cite book |last=McCormick |first=John |year=2012 |title=Contemporary Britain |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=113701718X |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=53 |quote=The old flag of Northern Ireland – a red hand inside a white star on a red cross – has strong connections with the Protestant community, and is no longer official but is still occasionally flown. The official flag of Northern Ireland is the Union Flag.}}
4. ^{{cite book |last=McCartney |first=Clem |year=1994 |title=Clashing Symbols?: A Report on the Use of Flags, Anthems and Other National Symbols in Northern Ireland |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pIdnAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Queen's University of Belfast |pages=150–151 |quote=In December 1986 the Northern Ireland Office produced an Explanatory Document on the [Flags and Emblems Act], which stated: [...] "Repeal of the Act would make no change whatsoever to the position that the Union flag is the official flag of Northern Ireland as it is of the United Kingdom as a whole'.}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://flagspot.net/flags/gb-ni.html |title=Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) |date= |website=Flags of the World |quote=}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.flaginstitute.org/wp/flags/ulster/ |title=Ulster |website=Flag Institute |quote=The Ulster flag is different from the Ulster Banner, which was the former flag of Northern Ireland but now holds no official status.}}
7. ^{{cite book |authors=Paul Nolan and Dominic Bryan |year=2016 |title=Flags: Towards a New Understanding |url=https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/IrishStudiesGateway/FileStore/Filetoupload,566329,en.pdf |publisher=Queen's University Belfast |page=6 |quote=following the Northern Ireland Constitution Act of 1973, the Ulster Banner ceased to have any official standing, but there followed a huge increase in its unofficial use as a symbol of loyalism.}}
8. ^Promoting Fair Play in Sport. Sport Northern Ireland. p. 9. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407042030/http://www.sportni.net/NR/rdonlyres/0F8CE8FF-9D19-4C11-9DF9-0B69E033C732/0/Promotingfairplayinsport.pdf}} "Many existing flags have no official status and this includes the former Northern Ireland ‘flag’ (or flag of the Executive Committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland or Ulster Banner)".
9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2007-05-14b.135038.h |title=Northern Ireland Executive: Flags |date=14 May 2007 |website=TheyWorkForYou |publisher=Hansard |quote=Peter Hain, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland: 'The Ulster flag and the Cross of St. Patrick have no official status and under the Flags Regulations are not permitted to be flown from Government Buildings'.}}
10. ^Flags Monitoring Project 2006: Preliminary Findings Queen's University, Belfast. p.25. "The meaning attached by people to these regional flags can vary. This is particularly true of the Northern Ireland or Ulster flag which would have been extensively used by loyalists since 1972. Also, it has no official status as a flag for Northern Ireland."
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/images/symbols/flags.htm |title=Flags used in Northern Ireland |date= |website=Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN) |quote=this particular flag of Northern Ireland is seen as staunchly Loyalist}}
12. ^{{cite book |last=Groom |first=Nick |author-link=Nick Groom |chapter=Union Jacks and Union Jills |editor-last1=Eriksen |editor-first1=Thomas Hylland |editor-link1=Thomas Hylland Eriksen |editor-last2=Jenkins |editor-first2=Richard |title=Flag, Nation and Symbolism in Europe and America |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |pages=68–87 |isbn=0-415-44404-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=scHXHTkRmZcC&pg=PA68 |location=Abingdon |lccn=2007018505 |oclc=123968978 |ol=9353071W}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.flaginstitute.org/Thames_Pageant_Flag_Guide.pdf |title=A Visual Guide to the Flags used in the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant |last=Bartram |first=Graham |author-link=Graham Bartram |year=2012 |publisher=Flag Institute |page=5 |access-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108075308/http://www.flaginstitute.org/Thames_Pageant_Flag_Guide.pdf |archive-date=8 November 2012}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/northern-ireland-news/new-northern-ireland-flag-should-be-created-says-lord-kilclooney-1-5753950 |title=New Northern Ireland flag should be created, says Lord Kilclooney |date=17 December 2013 |website=The News Letter |quote=Lord Kilclooney, the former Ulster Unionist deputy leader, is a vice chairman of Westminsters all-party group on flags and heraldry which promotes the flying of the Union Flag. He told the News Letter […] ‘whilst England (St George’s Cross) Scotland (St Andrew’s Cross) and Wales (The Dragon) have individual regional flags, the Flags Institute in London confirms that Northern Ireland has no official regional flag’.}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/find-a-neutral-flag-for-all-of-northern-ireland-richard-haass-issues-challenge-to-parties-29803598.html |title=Find a neutral flag for all of Northern Ireland: Richard Haass issues challenge to parties |date=3 December 2013 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}
16. ^1 Encyclopædia Britannica says: 'According to British tradition, a coat of arms or flag is granted to the government of a territory, not to the people residing there. Therefore, when the government of Northern Ireland was disbanded in March 1972, its arms and flag officially disappeared; however, the flag continues to be used by groups (such as sports teams) representing the territory in sport.'
17. ^McCartney, Clem & Bryson, Lucy. Clashing Symbols? A report on the use of flags, anthems and other national symbols in Northern Ireland. The Institute for Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1994, p. 42 {{ISBN|085-389-538-4}}
18. ^{{Cite book|title=Our Own Devices: National Symbols and Political Conflict in Twentieth-century Ireland (New Directions in Irish History)|last=Morris|first=Ewan|publisher=Irish Academic Press Ltd|year=2005|isbn=978-0716533375|location=|pages=205|quote="The main change to the use of symbols within the unionist community in recent decades has been the growing popularity of the Northern Ireland flag since the early 1970s, when it came into widespread use by loyalists who felt that they had been betrayed by the government at Westminster. The increasing use of the Northern Ireland flag has sometimes been seen as symptomatic of a growing sense of Ulster nationality..."}}
19. ^{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Paul|title=Britishness Since 1870|date=15 April 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415220170|pages=166|quote=From the early 1970s some unionists have sought increasingly to stress their identity with Ulster [...] Since the 1970s the use of the Northern Ireland flag has become prominent, further emphasising the desire to stress an Ulster identity.}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/sr/sr2000/20000347.htm|title=The Flags Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000|website=Opsi.gov.uk|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flaginstitute.org/Thames_Pageant_Flag_Guide.pdf|title=A Visual Guide to the Flags used in the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant|last=Bartram|first=Graham|year=2012|publisher=The Flag Institute|page=5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108075308/http://www.flaginstitute.org/Thames_Pageant_Flag_Guide.pdf#5|archivedate=8 November 2012|accessdate=6 April 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/hub/the-queens-90th-birthday-celebration/2a3926a0001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519160614/http://www.itv.com/hub/the-queens-90th-birthday-celebration/2a3926a0001|dead-url=yes|archive-date=19 May 2016|title=The Queen's 90th Birthday Celebration - Sunday 15 May 8.35pm - The ITV Hub|date=19 May 2016|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rjf6kCdB52c&t=59m26s|title=YouTube Mirror|website=Web.archive.org|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
24. ^The Queen's 90th Birthday Celebration, Souvenir Programme, Regal Press Ltd, 2016, p. 12, {{ISBN|9781906670405}}
25. ^Transforming Conflict: Flags and Emblems by Dominic Bryan and Gordon Gillespie, Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University, Belfast, March 2005
26. ^Belfast City Council (May 2004), Flying of the Union Flag: An Equality Impact Assessment. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.belfastcity.gov.uk/equality/docs/FlyingOfUnionFlagEQIA.pdf |date=15 June 2007 }}
27. ^Dominic Bryan & Gordon Gillespie (2005) Transforming Conflict: Flags and Emblems, Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, Queens University Belfast
28. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20121112023328/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Historical_Information/About_the_Constitution,_Flag,_Anthem_Harp/The_National_Flag-PDF.pdf The National Flag], Department of the Taoiseach
29. ^Belfast Agreement, section: "Economic, Social and Cultural Issues", para. 5
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/773579.stm|title=BBC News - NORTHERN IRELAND - Tension over flag flying|website=News.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
31. ^Flagging concern: the controversy over flags and emblems {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050410183041/http://www.democraticdialogue.org/working/flags.htm |date=10 April 2005 }}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/haass-proposes-new-body-to-investigate-troubles-killings-1.1629610|title=Haass proposes new body to investigate Troubles killings|website=Irishtimes.com|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nicgc.org/_webedit/uploaded-files/All%20Files/Brand%20Guide/NICGC%20Brand%20Guidelines%20FINAL2%20%288.27x11.69%29.pdf#page=6|title=Northern Ireland Commonwealth Games Brand Identity Guidelines|website=Nicgc.org|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=nir/index.html|title=Member associations - Northern Ireland - Overview – UEFA.com|first=|last=uefa.com|website=UEFA.com|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=nir/index.html|title=Member Association - Northern Ireland|website=FIFA.com|accessdate=9 January 2018}}

External links

{{Commons category|Flags of Northern Ireland}}{{Commons category|Proposed flags of Northern Ireland}}
  • FOTW: Northern Ireland
  • CAIN: Flags in Northern Ireland
  • The Union Flags and flags of the United Kingdom
{{Flag of Europe}}{{Subnational flags of the United Kingdom}}

1 : Flags of Northern Ireland
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