| 词条 | TrawsCambria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
TrawsCambria is the brand name for a network of medium and long distance express bus routes in Wales sponsored by the Welsh Government. From 2012 most of these were replaced by the TrawsCymru network. HistoryCoach NetworkTrawsCambria started in 1979 as the branded experimental coach service route 700 Cardiff to Bangor via Brecon, Builth Wells, Llandrindod Wells, Newtown, Machynlleth, Dolgellau, Porthmadog and Caernarfon. The initial trial summer service operated Fridays to Mondays only with one coach in each direction on the 230-mile route, with walk-on fares. By August duplicate and triplicate operations occurred which resulted in the Welsh Office approving the continuation of the service through the winter.[1][2] The following spring saw the 700 service run daily, joined by:
After three years the network continued to run without any subsidy although daily operation on the 700 and 702 routes was cut to Friday-Monday in winter. Later TrawsCambria 702 was withdrawn. The TrawsCambria name and the original red and green logo was a registered service mark jointly owned by National Welsh Omnibus Services of Cardiff and Crosville Motor Services of Chester. Traws, pronounced to rhyme with 'house', is the Welsh equivalent for 'cross' as in cross-country. Therefore, TrawsCambria was roughly equivalent to 'cross-Cambria' or 'trans-Cambria' in English. In the late 1980s TrawsCambria also crossed bridges and ran daily to the Isle of Anglesey in the north and Bristol in the south. Following privatisation of the National Bus Company subsidiaries, modifications and cut backs resulted. While profits could be made most of the year, November and February low patronage always resulted in knife edge annual performance. In the 1990s Crosville continued to run the service jointly with Rhondda Transport, with the main route being the 701 uniquely linking all the Welsh universities: Glamorgan (in Pontypridd), Cardiff, Swansea, Lampeter, Aberystwyth and Bangor. By 2000, Crosville had become part of Arriva North West & Wales and Rhondda Transport part of Stagecoach South Wales. As the network became one route TrawsCambria was then applied to the 701 coach route linking Holyhead and Bristol via Dolgellau, Aberystwyth, Carmarthen and Cardiff. This route was modified in the early 2000s, with the northern terminus changed to Llandudno and withdrawal of the Cardiff to Bristol extension. Welsh Assembly ReshapingPrior to and during 2005, the Welsh Assembly Government started to influence and recreate a renewed network, repositioning TrawsCambria in a new guise with shorter links with good frequencies, running with modern, high specification, low-floor buses. The first stage of this was the late 2004 withdrawal of the 701 north of Aberystwyth and creation of a new express X32 route in its place between Aberystwyth and Bangor. While TrawsCambria was co-ordinated by the Welsh Assembly Government, the actual bus services are/were provided by a variety of private bus companies. The TrawsCambria livery was based on a common design, including TrawsCambria logos, but with the colours of the base livery selected by the operator running the service. A fleet of modern Optare Tempos were purchased for all but two of the routes, with different specifications for different routes. While not of express coach standard, some of these are significantly more comfortable than normal service buses. With long-distance limited stop coaches being largely impractical for serving the dispersed population of Wales, the TrawsCambria network has evolved into a compromise solution between express coaches and regular service buses: it provides long-distance journey opportunities between Welsh towns while also catering for shorter-distance passenger flows along its route. Following on from the introduction of the X32 in October 2003, several additional routes were added and TrawsCambria evolved into a network of services. The withdrawal of service 701 and introduction of the new low-floor bus fleet for the replacement Aberystwyth to Cardiff (X40) service sparked concerns and complaints about the suitability of a service bus for the four-hour journey. There was no on-board toilet, which did not make an ideal situation for such a distance. Toilet breaks (even though there are limited facilities along the rural route) would be frowned upon as they would interfere with the timetable. The X40 also did not accept concessionary travel passes for travel over the section south of Carmarthen. However some of the complaints, particularly those related to luggage space, may have been the result of Arriva Buses Wales using buses on Aberystwyth to Cardiff services other than the two specially equipped Optare Tempos ordered with Aberystwyth to Cardiff services in mind. 701 RevivalIn 2007 a private company trading as Coach Travel Wales took advantage of the complaints surrounding the X40 and re-introduced service 701 as an Aberystwyth to Cardiff Bay via Aberaeron, Lampeter, Carmarthen, Swansea, Port Talbot and Cardiff service. Initially this ran twice-weekly with one journey from Aberystwyth in the morning, returning from Cardiff in the afternoon. This service runs using coaches with toilets and concessionary passes are accepted along the whole route. On 29 September 2013 was later taken over by Bryan's Coaches.[3][4] The service proved popular and that popularity has continued to increase. Additional days of operation were added until, on 1 April 2012 the service became daily except Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Year's Day.[5] From 29 September 2013 was further increased to run twice daily Monday-Saturday. From 7 September 2014 a new service was introduced building on the success of the 701. Numbered 750 this new service runs Thursday and Saturday from Aberystwyth to Cardiff via New Quay, Llandysul, Carmarthen and Swansea.[6] Unfortunately service 750 was not well patronised and was withdrawn from 1 September 2015. Also in September 2015 George Bryan announced his retirement and service 701 transferred to operation by Lewis's Coaches of Llanrhystud as of 1 October 2015.[7] The transfer of the service was the end of an era as George Bryan had been depot manager at Crosville's Aberystwyth depot when the service was introduced. Lewis's Coaches started their operation of the service with ex Green line coaches equipped with wheelchair lifts therefore introducing accessible vehicles to the service for the first time. UPDATE - Lewis Coaches announced its closure with effect from 12 August 2016, and Ceredigion CC [8] has issued an amendment to its online timetable confirming the cessation of service 701 from that date.[9] Attempted Relaunch As TrawsCymru{{Main|TrawsCymru}}Following a Welsh Assembly Government consultation on improvements to the TrawsCambria network, in 2010,[2][10][11] a programme of improvements for TrawsCambria services X40 and 704/T4 was announced. New buses were the main improvement identified. These would be equipped with coach style seating, greater luggage space, real time information and WiFi. The Welsh Assembly Government decided these upgraded routes, and eventually the network as a whole, were to be re-launched under the new TrawsCymru brand. As part of the re-branding, service X40 was to be re-numbered TC1 and T4 would have become TC4. The T4 upgrade and re-branding went ahead, but without the planned renumbering to TC4.[12] CymruExpressHowever, before the contract for the TC1 service could be let, Arriva Buses Wales decided to cease operation of the TrawsCambria X40 and their section of the TrawsCambria 550 service from 26 February 2012.[13] Instead they introduced their own services along the routes on a fully commercial basis, under the brand 'CymruExpress', meaning these routes no longer formed part of the TrawsCambria network. The CymruExpress services were:[14]
As part of the CymruExpress launch, Arriva returned the TrawsCambria Optare Tempos and replaced them with Wright Pulsars (on services 40 and 50) and a pair of Van Hool Alizée coaches (for use on services 10 and 20). The Pulsars were initially planned to be an interim measure, until new Wright Eclipse Gemini double-deckers could be introduced in August 2012.[13] However, these were never introduced. The decision to operate the CymruExpress routes commercially prevented the introduction of the TrawsCymru TC1 service. Second ChanceArriva later decided to close their Aberystwyth depot and related outstations.[16] As such, all remaining CymruExpress services were withdrawn, with the last services running on 21 December 2013. With the commercial operation cancelled, the local councils and Welsh Government were once again able to subsidise bus services on the corridor, giving them a second chance to introduce a TrawsCymru service. Initially, the local councils let interim contracts to maintain bus services in the area. One of these, a subsidised version of service 40, was jointly operated by First Cymru and Lewis Coaches. Service 50 was replaced by a new service titled X50 operated by Richards Brothers, also funded by the council.[17] Both these interim services commenced operation on 23 December 2013. These interim contracts did not include any Sunday services, meaning that as of Sunday 15 December there were no Sunday bus services operating in Ceredigion (a single round trip between Aberystwyth and Cardiff is provided by the 701 service, but that is a coach not a bus). Neither of these contracts were for TrawsCymru services, but as interim services they were intended to run for approximately six months, until the Summer of 2014, whilst the Wales Government looked at options for the longer term future of nationally strategic transport services. It later emerged that a TrawsCymru service on the Aberystwyth - Carmarthen route would indeed finally be delivered.[18] The original plan for the X40 to be renumbered as TC1 and receive six new Welsh Government owned Optare Tempo buses however was not to be. Instead, the new TrawsCymru service is known as the T1 and buses are provided by the operator, First Cymru, rather than the Welsh Government which has diverted the Tempos ordered for the TC1 to other routes. The T1 contract includes a limited Sunday service, and commenced on 3 August 2014. Past ServicesX32: Bangor to Aberystwyth{{Infobox bus line|number = X32 |logo = |image = |image_width = |caption = |bgcolor = aquamarine |titlecolor = cream |operator = Arriva Buses Wales |garage = |vehicle = |pvr = |predecessors = 701 |night = |start = Bangor |via = Caernarfon Porthmadog Dolgellau Machynlleth |end = Aberystwyth |length = |ibus = |level = Mondays-Saturdays |frequency = |day = |time = |fare = |cash = |map = }} This service ran roughly every two hours on Mondays to Saturdays from Bangor to Aberystwyth Mondays to Saturdays. This service was introduced in October 2003 and was operated by Arriva Buses Wales.[19] After being subsidised for several years, in 2012 Arriva agreed to run the service on a commercial basis, but later found this unviable and decided to cancel the service in September 2012.[20] {{Clear}}X40: Aberystwyth to Carmarthen{{Infobox bus line|number = X40 |logo = |image = |image_width = |caption = |bgcolor = aquamarine |titlecolor = cream |operator = Arriva Buses Wales |garage = |vehicle = |pvr = |predecessors = 540 701 |night = |start = Aberystwyth |via = Aberaeron Lampeter Llandysul |end = Carmarthen |length = |ibus = |level = Daily |frequency = |day = |time = |fare = |cash = |map = }} This was a WAG-funded service using Optare Tempos. The core Aberystwyth to Carmarthen X40 service was generally hourly Mondays to Saturdays, with two services a day extended to/from Cardiff via Swansea and one to Swansea only. There was one return Aberystwyth to Cardiff service on Sundays. The service was introduced in February 2005 and was operated jointly by Arriva Buses Wales and First Cymru until December 2009[21][22] when Arriva took over the whole service. This TrawsCambria service ceased on 26 February 2012 and was replaced by Arriva CymruExpress service 40 (which was subsequent terminated in December 2013). {{Clear}}X50: Cardigan to Aberaeron / Aberystwyth{{Infobox bus line|number = X50 |logo = |image = |image_width = |caption = |bgcolor = silver |titlecolor = blue |operator = Richards Brothers |garage = |vehicle = |pvr = |predecessors = |night = |start = Cardigan |via = |end = Aberaeron / Aberystwyth |length = |ibus = |level = Monday-Saturday |frequency = |day = |time = |fare = |cash = |map = }} This service operated roughly every two hours between Aberaeron and Cardigan Monday - Saturday, with 4 journeys extended to/from Aberystwyth. This service avoided the lengthy diversions to New Quay and Aberporth, which were served by the slower TrawsCambria 550 service. The service was operated by Richards Brothers using WAG-funded Optare Tempos. The services between Cardigan and Aberaeron only were supposed have connections with the TrawsCambria X40 for travel to/from Aberystwyth. However, Arriva's X40 timetable change in late 2011 removed the northbound connections. This led to a call for all X50 services to be extended to Aberystwyth. However, since X40 and 550 were operated commercially between Aberystwyth and Aberaeron, the council were unable to provide subsidy for this. When the TrawsCambria X40 ceased, the connections at Aberaeron were maintained, with CymruExpress route 40 replacing the X40. {{Clear}}X50: Cardigan to Aberystwyth{{Infobox bus line|number = X50 |logo = |image = |image_width = |caption = |bgcolor = silver |titlecolor = blue |operator = Richards Brothers |garage = |vehicle = |pvr = |predecessors = |night = |start = Cardigan |via = New Quay |end = Aberystwyth |length = |ibus = |level = Monday-Saturday |frequency = |day = |time = |fare = |cash = |map = }} This service was introduced on 23 December 2013 and operated on a roughly hourly timetable, Monday - Saturday. Some services (generally alternate trips) also ran via Aberporth. As such, this route had much more in common with the former TrawsCambria 550 service than the X50 prior to 23 December 2013, which avoided the lengthy diversions to New Quay and Aberporth (from 23 December 2013 onwards, only one service each way continued to avoid New Quay). The service was operated by Richards Brothers using a mixture of vehicles, including some of the TrawsCambria Optare Tempos, the last remaining TrawsCambria-branded vehicles. The TrawsCambria branding was however not re-applied to some of the Tempos (which were repainted having previously carried Arriva's version of the TrawsCambria livery), given the eventual intention to retire the TrawsCambria brand entirely. The last service ran on 3 January 2015. It was replaced by TrawsCymru service T5.[23] All but one of the remaining TrawsCambria-liveried buses where repainted into TrawsCymru livery by this point. {{Clear}}550: Cardigan to Aberystwyth{{Infobox bus line|number = 550 |logo = |image = |image_width = |caption = |bgcolor = silver |titlecolor = blue |operator = Richards Brothers |garage = |vehicle = |pvr = |predecessors = |night = |start = Cardigan |via = Aberporth New Quay |end = Aberystwyth |length = |ibus = |level = Monday-Saturday |frequency = |day = |time = |fare = |cash = |map = }} This service has been through many phases, before effectively being renumbered as service X50 on 23 December 2013. WAG-funded Optare Tempos were the main vehicles used. The initial service ran the full length of the coast from Aberystwyth to Cardigan, including the diversions into New Quay and into Aberporth. The service was roughly 2-hourly between Cardigan and Synod Inn, with the frequency from Synod Inn to Aberystwyth being double that. Most services were operated by Arriva Buses Wales, with a few trips run by Richards Brothers. In 2010, Arriva Buses Wales ceased operating services to Cardigan. However, they retained the hourly section of the service (between Synod Inn and Aberystwyth, via New Quay). The southern section of route, still roughly every two hours, was then solely operated by Richards Brothers, with a change of bus being required at Synod Inn except for a few services operated by Richards Brothers from Cardigan to Aberaeron, New Quay and Aberystwyth (the latter only on two evening journeys). This arrangement continued until the Arriva operation ceased to be a TrawsCambria service and was replaced by Arriva service 50 From 27 February 2012 the service was operated solely by Richards Brothers. Initially, it consisted primarily of a Cardigan to Synod Inn shuttle (via Aberporth) roughly every two hours. A few services extended further, including trips to New Quay or Aberaeron and two evening trips to Aberystwyth. The services that terminated at Synod Inn connected with Arriva Buses Wales CymruExpress 50 to Aberystwyth via New Quay. Later in 2012, Richards Brothers extended the services that terminated at Synod Inn to Aberaeron via the direct route, avoiding New Quay. Passengers for Aberystwth were then expected to change at Aberaeron for Arriva's CymruExpress 40 service, much easier than changing bus at remote Synod Inn. The downside however was that connections to New Quay were lost. This made Cardigan – New Quay journeys almost impossible save for the handful of existing through services between Cardigan and New Quay (including the evening runs to/from Aberystywth) which were retained. {{Clear}}X94: Wrexham to Barmouth{{Infobox bus line|number = X94 |logo = |image = |image_width = |caption = |bgcolor = silver |titlecolor = maroon |operator = GHA Coaches |garage = |vehicle = |pvr = |predecessors = |night = |start = Wrexham |via = Llangollen Bala Dolgellau |end = Barmouth |length = |ibus = |level = Daily |frequency = |day = |time = |fare = |cash = |map = }} This service followed a route which closely approximated that of the Ruabon to Barmouth railway line which was closed to passengers in 1965. It was operated by Arriva Buses Wales Monday-Saturday and GHA Coaches on Sundays until 23 December 2013.[24][25] Following this, GHA Coaches took over 7 days a week, and at some point the Sunday/Public Holiday service was renumbered as T3.[26] The frequency along most of the route was roughly 2-hourly (every 2 hours). On 1 November 2014 the X94 was finally withdrawn and replaced by TrawsCymru serviceT3.[27] {{Clear}}704: Newtown to Brecon{{Infobox bus line|number = 704 |logo = |image = |image_width = |caption = |bgcolor = #006BB5 |titlecolor = #F8A03A |operator = Stagecoach South Wales |garage = |vehicle = |pvr = |predecessors = |night = |start = Newtown |via = Llandrindod Wells |end = Brecon |length = |ibus = |level = Daily |frequency = |day = |time = |fare = |cash = |map = }} This service started in January 2006, was operated by Stagecoach South Wales and ran until 31 May 2011, using Optare Tempos. It was unusual in not connecting with any other TrawsCambria services at any point, and because parts of the route had not seen a regular bus service since 1970. It was replaced by TrawsCymru service T4 and extended south from Brecon to Merthyr Tydfil.[28] Although Merthyr Tydfil may not be an especially popular destination for Newtown residents, onward connections to Cardiff were available by train and bus (service X4). As of January 2013, the service has been fully rebranded as a TrawsCymru route and has been extended to Cardiff. {{Clear}}Current ServiceAs of November 2015 all Trawscymru services were launched. No Trawscambria routes remain. Key Connecting/Complementary Routes
VehiclesThis section lists dedicated vehicles which were formerly used on TrawsCambria services
See also
References1. ^Traws Cambria started in 1979 as an experimental coach service route between Cardiff and Bangor Operated by Crosville and National Welsh Wales on Line 20 December 2010 2. ^1 [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-12893112 TrawsCambria gets 2.2m for cross-Wales bus service] BBC News 30 March 2011 3. ^[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229806/np-1985-15-august-2013.pdf Notices & Proceedings] Office of the Traffic Commissioner Wales number 1985 15 August 2013 pages 7, 10 4. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20130908083632/http://www.coachtravelwales.co.uk/ 701 Aberystwyth - Cardiff] Coach Travel Wales 5. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20120523155021/http://www.coachtravelwales.co.uk/ 701 Aberystwyth - Cardiff] Coach Travel Wales 6. ^1 2 The Blue Bus Service {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105103706/http://www.bryanscoaches.co.uk/701%20times%20sept%202014%20one%20side.pdf |date=5 January 2015 }} Bryan's Coaches 7. ^[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/453346/np-2037-13-august-2015.pdf Notices & Proceedings] Office of the Traffic Commissioner Wales number 2037 13 August 2015 page 13 8. ^http://www.ceredigion.gov.uk/English/Resident/Travel-Roads-Parking/Public-Community-Transport/Buses/Bus-Timetables/Pages/default.aspx 9. ^http://www.lewis-coaches.co.uk/ 10. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-mid-wales-11398232 Public meetings over TrawsCambria buses plan] BBC News 23 September 2010 11. ^Wales consults on TrawsCambria plans {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195435/http://www.busandcoach.com/news/articles/wales-consults-on-trawscambria-plans |date=23 September 2015 }} Bus & Coach Professional 27 September 2010 12. ^More comfort coming for TrawsCambria{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Bus & Coach Professional 5 April 2011 13. ^1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207035326/http://www.arrivabus.co.uk/content.aspx?id=17025 Your X40, X41 and 550 services are changing] Arriva 14. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20120526064107/http://www.arrivabus.co.uk/uploadedfiles/Services/Wales/WAAB10,20,40,50_260212_220112.pdf Routes 10/, 20, 40 & 50 timetable] Arriva 15. ^[https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20130813055129/http://www.cambrian-news.co.uk/news/i/33054/ Bus operator axing five services in Aber area] Cambrian News 3 July 2013 16. ^{{cite web|title=Arriva Buses Wales could lose 46 jobs by Christmas|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-24348683|publisher=BBC News|date=1 October 2013}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Good news for 40 and 40c passengers|url=http://www.carmarthenshire.gov.uk/English/transport/Buses/TravelTimes/Pages/goodnewsfor40and40c.aspx|accessdate=12 December 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216014641/http://www.carmarthenshire.gov.uk/English/transport/Buses/TravelTimes/Pages/goodnewsfor40and40c.aspx|archivedate=16 December 2013|df=dmy-all}} 18. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20140812193741/http://www.busandcoach.com/newspage.aspx?id=8549&categoryid=0 New TrawsCymru service backed] Bus & Coach Professional 16 July 2014 19. ^New Bangor to Aberystwyth service runs 5 times a Day Arriva 3 October 2003 20. ^{{cite web|title=Arriva Bus blames falling passenger numbers for decision to drop X32 Traws Cambria route|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/aberystwyth/2012/09/08/arriva-bus-blames-falling-passenger-numbers-for-decision-to-drop-x32-traws-cambria-route-91466-31791029/|accessdate=26 January 2013}} 21. ^Working together to improve TrawsCambria service Arriva 14 February 2005 22. ^{{cite web|title=Correspondence from Peter Hoskins re. National Assembly For Wales petition|url=http://www.senedd.assemblywales.org/documents/s10517/08.10.12%20Correspondence%20from%20Peter%20Hoskins.pdf|accessdate=21 February 2013}} 23. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-mid-wales-30678842 Aberystwyth to Haverfordwest bus link service begins] BBC News 5 January 2015 24. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-24540098 Minister's help for under-threat Arriva bus services] BBC News 15 October 2013 25. ^[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/255614/np-1991-07-november-2013.pdf Notices & Proceedings] Office of the Traffic Commissioner Wales number 1991 17 November 2013 page 12 26. ^[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/271647/np-1996-16-january-2014.pdf Notices & Proceedings] Office of the Traffic Commissioner Wales number 1996 16 January 2014 page 7 27. ^[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/362033/np-2015-09-october-2014.pdf Notices & Proceedings] Office of the Traffic Commissioner Wales number 2015 9 October 2014 page 11 28. ^Improved bus services between Powys and South Wales County Times 23 June 2011 29. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811202919/http://www.powys.gov.uk/index.php?id=10944&L=0 Future Timetable Information] Cyngor Sir Powys County Council 30. ^{{cite web|title=Flickr Image|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/bigdan14025/8019256505/|accessdate=26 January 2013}} 31. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Bus Lists On The Web - 55 plate vehicles, page 3|url=http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/year/year.asp?Year=55&Type=9&MenuType=Year&Manu=2001%20onwards&PageNo=3|accessdate=13 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402112357/http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/year/year.asp?Year=55&Type=9&MenuType=Year&Manu=2001%20onwards&PageNo=3|archive-date=2 April 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 32. ^{{cite web|first=DMC1947|title=YJ55BJF - Flickr Photo|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/dmc1947/6030963632/}} 33. ^{{cite web|first=sidney01|title=Arriva YJ06YRZ - Flickr photo|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/sidthedogsdad/4957726827/in/set-72157625706124507}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=Bus Lists On The Web - 06 plates, page 4|url=http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/year/year.asp?Year=06&Type=9&MenuType=Year&Manu=2001%20onwards&PageNo=4|accessdate=13 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402112426/http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/year/year.asp?Year=06&Type=9&MenuType=Year&Manu=2001%20onwards&PageNo=4|archive-date=2 April 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 35. ^{{cite web|title=Flickr Image - YJ06YRZ|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/76143256@N02/7715310242/|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130216030007/http://www.flickr.com/photos/76143256@N02/7715310242/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=16 February 2013|accessdate=26 January 2013}} External links
4 : Bus transport brands|Bus transport in Cardiff|Bus transport in Wales|1979 establishments in Wales |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。