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词条 Tupolev ANT-3
释义

  1. Construction and Development

  2. Production

  3. Design

  4. Operational history

  5. Variants

  6. Operators

  7. Specifications (R-3LD)

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. Further reading

name = ANT-3logo = image = Stamp URSS 1977.jpgcaption =

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type = Reconnaissance aircraftnational origin = Soviet Unionmanufacturer = Tupolevdesigner = first flight = 6 August 1925introduction = retired = status = primary user = more users = produced = 1926–1929number built = 103program cost= unit cost = developed from = variants with their own articles = Tupolev ANT-10
}}

Tupolev acquired much experience in building his first two aircraft, which he employed for the next one, the ANT-3. By this time, Soviet Air Force leaders were convinced that metal was a highly usable substance in the building of airplanes. Tupolev therefore guided AGOS- TsAGI in creating the first Soviet all-metal aircraft. The ANT-3 was Tupolev's first practical aircraft.

Construction and Development

On 1 August 1924, design work started for the ANT-3, by the following July the prototype was completed at the AGOS factory. The sesquiplane ANT-3 first flew on 6 August 1925, piloted by V. N. Fillipov, a TsAGI test-pilot. The VVS (Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily - military air forces) ordered several ANT-3s, designated R-3 (R - Razvedchik - reconnaissance), after successful flight tests led by Mikhail Gromov. However, production was limited by the shortage of raw materials, but those that were produced proved useful for propaganda purposes.[1]

Production

The ANT-3 was produced between 1926 and 1928 at GAZ-5 (GAZ - Gosudarstvenny Aviatsionnyy Zavod – state aviation plant/factory) in Moscow and, from late 1928, at GAZ-22. There were probably 102 made in total.[1]

Design

The ANT-3 was a sesquiplane seating two in tandem cockpits, with the pilot in front and gunner behind. The structure was predominantly built from light alloys with corrugated kol'choogaluminly skin. Lower main-planes were attached to the lower fuselage, whilst the upper mainplane was supported on short cabane struts. Wire bracing and streamlined 'V' interplane struts provided structural integrity.[1]

The single-engined ANT-3 could be powered by a range of engines from {{cvt|300|-|500|kW}}; the prototype used a {{cvt|298|kW}} Liberty, the second aircraft was powered by a {{cvt|336|kW}} Napier Lion; the first 79 production aircraft used the {{cvt|336|kW}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12E; 21 aircraft used the {{cvt|336|kW}} Mikulin M-5 and one used a {{cvt|373|kW}} BMW VI.[1]

Tupolev proposed an upgraded version, to be powered by a {{cvt|373|kW}} Mikulin engine, with a range of about {{cvt|966|km|mi nmi}}. One was built with a Lorraine-Dietrich engine, delivered to Aeroflot's Yakutsk division, designated PS-3 and used as a mail-plane until about 1930.[1]

Operational history

The R-3, used by the military for reconnaissance, was also used for propaganda purposes with long-distance flights.

In the summer of 1926 the prototype R-3NL, named Proletariy (En:proletarian) and registered RR-SOV, piloted by Mikhail Gromov, assisted by mechanic Yevgeny Radzevich, flew a round Europe flight: Moscow - Königsberg - Berlin - Paris - Rome - Vienna - Prague - Warsaw - Moscow; After flying for about {{cvt|120|km|mi nmi}}, a coolant expansion tank suffered fatigue failures, spraying water around the cockpit. Gromov returned to Moscow and newspapers stated that he and Radzevich turned back due to poor weather. The incident caused Tupolev to recommend that the tank have a convex base, which was adopted. Gromov resumed his expedition landing at Königsberg, by which point the radiator was leaking. Gromov proceeded to Berlin where mechanics were unable to repair the radiator. Moving on, they flew on to Paris, where a mechanic found that some putty sealant had separated. To solve the problem, he took another aircraft's radiator, adapting it to fit in the ANT-3, after which Gromov and Radzevich flew off to Rome. Later Gromov and Radzevich flew north to Vienna, but the sun started to set and it was dark when they were just {{cvt|19|km|mi nmi}} from Vienna. Gromov decided to risk landing in Vienna, where campfires were lit around the airport to illuminate the landing strip. The remainder of the flight was largely uneventful other than overflying Prague to continue to Warsaw. After their return to Moscow they had flown a distance of {{cvt|7150|km|mi nmi}} in 34 hours 15 minutes flying time at an average speed of {{cvt|210|km/h|mph kn}}, for a new national long-distance speed record.[1]

The second production ANT-3M-5, registered RR-INT and named Nash Otvet (En:Our Answer), was flown by S.A. Shestakov and D.F Fufayev from Moscow to Tokyo and return, via Sarapul, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Verkhneudinsk, Chita, Nerchinsk, Blagoveshchensk, Spassk, Nanyuan and Yokohama, taking 12 days, covering {{cvt|22000|km}} in 153 hours flying time.[2] The flight was titled "The Great Eastern Overflight"[1]

Variants

ANT-3

Prototype, powered by a {{cvt|298|kW}} Liberty L-8 engine.

R-3

Original production military reconnaissance aircraft powered by Mikulin M-5 engines; 21 built.

R-3LD

79 production aircraft fitted with {{cvt|336|kW}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb engines.

R-3NL

Second prototype, powered by a {{cvt|336|kW}} Napier Lion engine; RR-SOV Proletariy (Proletarian).

R-7

Improved derivative of the R-3, powered by a {{cvt|373|kW}} BMW VI engine. A single prototype was built, also known as the ANT-10.

PS-3

Designation for 30 R-3s that were modified into mailplanes for service with Aeroflot.

Operators

{{flag|Soviet Union|1924}}
  • Soviet Air Force

Specifications (R-3LD)

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995 [3]
|prime units?=met


|crew=2
|length m=9.885
|span m=13.02
|height m=3.05
|wing area sqm=37
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=1340
|gross weight kg=2090
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=


|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb
|eng1 type=W-12 water-cooled piston engine
|eng1 hp=450
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=wooden fixed pitch propeller
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=
|prop dia in=
|prop dia note=


|max speed kmh=204
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=880
|combat range km=
|combat range miles=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=4920
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|more performance=


|armament=


|guns= 1 × synchronised forward firing 7.62 mm PV-1 machine gun; 2 × 7.62 mm DA machine guns on ring in rear cockpit
|bombs=10 × 50 kg (110 lb) bombs on underwing racks
}}

See also

{{aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=* List of Interwar military aircraft
|see also=
}}

References

{{commons category|Tupolev ANT-3}}
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Yefim|last2=Rigmant|first2=Vladimir|title=OKB Tupolev : a history of the design bureau and its aircraft|date=2005|publisher=Midland Publ.|location=London|isbn=1857802144|pages=17-22}}
2. ^The aircraft was named in response to the British Foreign Secretary, Austen Chamberlain, (half-brother of the later British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain), who severed diplomatic ties with the USSR in 1927
3. ^{{cite book |title= The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995|last=Gunston |first= Bill|authorlink=Bill Gunston |year= 1995|publisher=Osprey |location= London|isbn= 1-85532-405-9|page=381 |pages= |url= }}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |title= Tupolev The Man and His aircraft|last= Duffy|first= Paul|authorlink= |author2=Andrei Kandalov |year=1996 |publisher= Society of Automotive Engineers|location= Warrendale, PA, USA|isbn= |page= |pages= |url= }}
{{Tupolev aircraft}}{{Soviet reconnaissance aircraft}}{{Soviet airliners}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tupolev Ant-3}}

5 : Soviet and Russian military reconnaissance aircraft 1920–1929|Tupolev aircraft|Sesquiplanes|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1925
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