| 词条 | FMA IA-63 Pampa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The IA-63 Pampa is an advanced jet trainer with combat capability, produced in Argentina by Fabrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) with assistance from Dornier of Germany. Design and developmentPreliminary design studies for a replacement for the Morane-Saulnier MS-760 of the Argentine Air Force started at the Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) in 1978, with these studies resulting in selection of a proposal powered by a single Garrett TFE731 turbofan with high, unswept wings. At the same time the FMA signed a partnership agreement with Dornier to develop the new aircraft.[1] Although influenced by the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet design, the Pampa differs in being a smaller aircraft, it is also single-engined and has straight supercritical wings rather than the swept ones of the Alpha Jet. It is constructed mainly of aluminium alloy, with carbon-fibre used for components such as the air intakes. The crew of two sit in tandem under a single-piece clamshell canopy.[2] The avionics systems are also simpler than the Franco-German aircraft, which has an important secondary combat role. The Pampa prototype first flew on 6 October 1984.[3] Variants
Production of the initial series has been delayed and hampered by the state of the Argentinian economy, and as a result only 18 production aircraft have been built in the first batch (1988–90) and six in the second batch (2006–07) for the Argentine Air Force. First deliveries occurred in April 1988.[4] The 18 aircraft are in service, all modernized, with the IV Brigada Aérea ({{lang-en|IV Air Brigade}}) at Mendoza for the advanced training role of Argentine pilots.[5]
In the 1990s, LTV/Vought selected the IA 63 as the basis for the Pampa 2000, which Vought entered into the Joint Primary Aircraft Training System competition for the United States Air Force.[6] The Pampa 2000 lost to the Beechcraft/Raytheon entry which became the T-6 Texan II.[7]
With the acquisition of FMA by Lockheed Martin in 1995,[8] the Pampa was upgraded with a new engine and a more advanced avionics package compatible with the A-4AR and weapons system. This new project was called AT-63 Pampa "Phase 2" (for attack trainer) and was marketed by Lockheed Martin. {{citation needed|date=January 2016}}
A third batch of forty new units of the redesigned Pampa was announced by FAdeA on 10 October 2013.[9] After a long delay, finally in 2015 a prototype of the third version of the IA-63 Pampa was introduced to the press. However, rampant inflation and a severe recession have made impossible for the Argentine government to finance the manufacturing of any of the promised planes.[10] In 2016, a new Argentinian government allowed progress to be made and the first flight of the "Pampa III" took place the same year.[11] As of July 2017, the IA-63 Pampa III project shows few signs of progress. According to the AirForces Monthly magazine, FAdeA is considering cannibalising Pampa II aircraft withdrawn from service in order to enable completion of the three Pampa IIIs scheduled for 2017.[12] The Argentine Ministry of Defence reached a deal worth $30.3 million with FAdeA for the production of an additional three Phase 3 Pampas in February 2018, after the deal was first revealed in December 2017.[13][14] The first Pampa III, serial E-824, made its maiden flight on 21 September 2018.[15] The first two Pampa III aircraft were delivered to the Argentine Air Force in February 2019.[16] Specifications (IA 63){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=jet |ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89 [17] and Air Force Technology[8] |crew= two |capacity= |length main= 10.93 m |length alt= 35 ft 10¼ in |span main= 9.69 m |span alt= 31 ft 9¼ in |height main= 4.29 m |height alt= 14 ft 1 in |area main=15.63 m2 |area alt= 168.2 ft2 |airfoil=Dornier DoA-7 |empty weight main= 2,821 kg |empty weight alt= 6,219 lb |loaded weight main= 3,500 kg |loaded weight alt= 7,716 lb |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main=5,000 kg |max takeoff weight alt= 11,023 lb |more general= |engine (jet)= Garrett TFE731-2-2N |type of jet= turbofan |number of jets= 1 |thrust main= 15.57 kN |thrust alt= 3,500 lbf |thrust original= |afterburning thrust main= |afterburning thrust alt= |max speed main=819 km/h |max speed alt=442 knots, 509 mph |max speed more=at 7,000 m (22,965 ft) |cruise speed main= 747 km/h |cruise speed alt=403 knots, 464 mph |cruise speed more=at 4,000 m (13,125 ft) |never exceed speed main=Mach 0.81 |never exceed speed alt=at 9,500 m (31,170 ft) |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= 1,500 km |range alt=809 nmi, 932 mi |ceiling main=12,900 m |ceiling alt= 42,325 ft |climb rate main=30.2 m/s |climb rate alt=5,950 ft/min |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |guns=1× 30 mm (1.18 in) Defa-Giat 554 with 145 rounds of ammo. |hardpoints= 5 |hardpoint capacity=
| missiles=
| bombs=
|avionics= }} See also{{Portal|Aviation}}{{aircontent||related=
|similar aircraft=
}} References
1. ^Flores 1987, pp. 59–60. 2. ^Flores 1987, p.64. 3. ^Flores 1987, p.66. 4. ^Taylor 1999, p.1. 5. ^{{cite news|title=Argentina to buy 40 more Pampas |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/09/21/362327/argentina-to-buy-40-more-pampas.html |work=Flight International |date={{date|2011-9-21}} |quote=Split between two Mendoza-based units, the 12 surviving Pampas from an original 16-aircraft batch have all been upgraded to near Series II standard. They are expected to be rotated through FAdeA's installations for re-engining, along with six newly-built IA-63s delivered between 2004 and 2008. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926053956/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/09/21/362327/argentina-to-buy-40-more-pampas.html |archivedate=21 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 6. ^Lambert 1992, p. 2. 7. ^{{cite magazine|last=Warwick|first=Graham|title= Turboprop Triumph |work=Flight International |date=21–27 February 1996| page= 23 |volume = 149|issue= 4511|url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200427.html}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/fma-ia--63-pampa-advance-jet-trainerlight-attack-aircraft/ |website=Air Force Technology |title=IA-63 Pampa Advanced Jet Trainer / Light Attack Aircraft}} 9. ^{{cite news |title=El Gobierno destinó más de u$s180 millones a una fábrica aeronáutica que aún no construyó un solo avión |language=es |trans-title=The Government allocated more than US $180 million to an aeronautical factory that has not yet built a single plane |first1=Juan |last=Grana |website=infobae |date={{Date|2014-08-12}} |url= http://www.infobae.com/2014/08/12/1587028-el-gobierno-destino-mas-us180-millones-una-fabrica-aeronautica-que-aun-no-construyo-un-solo-avion |deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150316224807/http://www.infobae.com/2014/08/12/1587028-el-gobierno-destino-mas-us180-millones-una-fabrica-aeronautica-que-aun-no-construyo-un-solo-avion |archivedate=16 March 2015 |df= dmy-all}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://zona-militar.com/2015/09/22/numeros-imaginarios-y-numeros-reales-la-teoria-del-ia-63-pampa/ |website=Zona Militar |title=Numeros imaginarios y numeros reales, la teoria del IA-63 “Pampa” |language=es |trans-title=Imaginary numbers and real numbers, the theory of IA-63 "Pampa" |author=Federico Luna |date=22 September 2015}} 11. ^{{cite magazine |title=Fresh Air at FAdeA|magazine=Flight International|date=4 April 2017 |volume=191 |issue=5581 |page=25}} 12. ^{{cite magazine |last=Cicalesi |first=Juan Carlos |date=July 2017 |title=Slow progress on IA-63 Pampa III |magazine=AirForces Monthly |publisher=Key Publishing |issue=352 |page=19}} 13. ^{{cite web |last1=Gonzales |first1=Diego |last2=Wasserbly |first2=Daniel |title=Argentine MoD, FAdeA reach deal for three Pampa IIIs |url=http://www.janes.com/article/78232/argentine-mod-fadea-reach-deal-for-three-pampa-iiis |website=Jane's 360 |accessdate=2 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228211812/http://www.janes.com/article/78232/argentine-mod-fadea-reach-deal-for-three-pampa-iiis |archivedate=28 February 2018 |date=28 February 2018 |deadurl=no}} 14. ^{{cite web |last1=Donald |first1=David |title=Pampa III Trainer Contract Approved |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2018-03-01/pampa-iii-trainer-contract-approved |website=Aviation International News |accessdate=2 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302234225/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2018-03-01/pampa-iii-trainer-contract-approved |archivedate=2 March 2018 |date=1 March 2018 |deadurl=no}} 15. ^{{cite web |last1=Rivas |first1=Santiago |title=First series-production Pampa III makes maiden flight |url=https://www.janes.com/article/83297/first-series-production-pampa-iii-makes-maiden-flight |website=IHS Jane's 360 |accessdate=25 September 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924191343/https://www.janes.com/article/83297/first-series-production-pampa-iii-makes-maiden-flight |archivedate=24 September 2018 |location=Buenos Aires |date=24 September 2018 |deadurl=no}} 16. ^{{cite web |last1=Rivas |first1=Santiago |title=Argentine Air Force receives first two Pampa IIIs |url=https://www.janes.com/article/86612/argentine-air-force-receives-first-two-pampa-iiis |website=Jane's 360 |accessdate=19 February 2019 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/08MK6 |archivedate=19 February 2019 |location=Buenos Aires |date=19 February 2019 |deadurl=no }} 17. ^Taylor 1988, pp. 3–4.
External links{{Commons|FMA IA 63 Pampa}}
2 : Argentine military trainer aircraft 1980–1989|FMA aircraft |
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