| 词条 | Fokker C.X | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Fokker C.X was a Dutch biplane scout and light bomber designed in 1933. It had a crew of two (a pilot and an observer). Design and developmentThe Fokker C.X was originally designed for the Royal Dutch East Indies Army, in order to replace the Fokker C.V. Like all Fokker aircraft of that time, it was of mixed construction, with wooden wing structures and a welded steel tube frame covered with aluminium plates at the front of the aircraft and with fabric at the rear. The prototype was built in 1934 with a Rolls-Royce Kestrel V engine. The East Indies Army ordered 13 C.Xs, but they were soon replaced in the scout/light bomber role by the American Martin B-10s. Until the Japanese attack on the Dutch East Indies in 1941, the C.X remained in use as a trainer and target tug. The Dutch Air Force ordered 16 C.Xs, and later four more with Kestrel IIS engines. These four were later re-equipped with Kestrel V engines; the Kestrel IIS proved not very reliable. Two C.Xs were delivered to the Spanish Republic, and four more to Finland. The Finns also license-produced 35 C.Xs until 1942. These C.Xs were equipped with Bristol Pegasus XII engines. Airspeed Ltd. in Great Britain got a license to build C.Xs for the British market as the Airspeed AS.22, but no orders were received.[1]Operational historyDuring the German attack on the Netherlands in May 1940, the C.Xs served in their intended role as scouts and light bombers. The tactic of "hugging the ground" allowed the C.Xs to achieve some success. Two C.Xs and their crews escaped to France after the Dutch surrender. The Finnish C.Xs served with distinction in the Winter War, the Continuation War and the Lapland War. The C.X was the most important short-range reconnaissance aircraft and dive bomber of the Finnish Air Force at the outbreak of the Winter War. There were 29 of them in combat units, the "Frans-Kalle" was slow but possessed a robust airframe, making it a useful asset. the maximum dive speed was 540 km/h, which enabled it to break away from the Soviet I-153 and I-16 fighters. As hostilities continued, losses began to mount. During the Winter War 8 FKs were lost. The last of the seven Finnish C.Xs that survived the war crashed in 1958. The craft, designated FK-111, served as a target-towing craft in the Finnish Air Force. The plane crashed into a forest on 21 January 1958, killing the pilot (Second Lieutenant Aimo Allinen) and the winch-operator (2nd Ltn Antti Kukkonen). Variants
Operators
Specifications (C.X){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Bombers a guide to Bombers of World War II[2] |crew=Two |capacity= |length main=(Dutch) 9.2 m (Finnish) 9.1 m |length alt=(Dutch)30 ft 2.25 in (Finnish) 29 ft 9 in |span main=12.00 m |span alt=39 ft 4.5 in |height main=3.30 m |height alt=10 ft 10 in |area main= |area alt= |airfoil= |empty weight main= (Dutch and Finnish) Approx 1,400 kg |empty weight alt= (Dutch and Finnish) 3,086 lb |loaded weight main= (Dutch) 2,250 kg (Finnish) 2,500 kg |loaded weight alt= (Dutch) 4,960 lb (Finnish) 5,512 lb |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main=2,900 kg |max takeoff weight alt=6,393 lb |more general= |engine (prop)=(Dutch) Rolls Royce Kestrel liquid-cooled V12 (Finnish) License-built Bristol Pegasus XII nine-cylinder radial |type of prop= |number of props=1 |power alt= (Dutch) 650 hp (Finnish) 850 hp |power main= (Dutch) 485 kW (Finnish) 634 kW |power original= |max speed alt= (Dutch) 199 mph (Finnish) 211 mph |max speed main= (Dutch) 320 km/h (Finnish) 340 km/h |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range alt= (Dutch) 516 mi (Finnish) 522 mi |range main= (Dutch) 830 km (Finnish) 840 km |ceiling main=(Dutch) 8,300 m (Finnish) 8,400 m |ceiling alt=(Dutch) 27,230 ft (Finnish) 27,560 ft |climb rate main=8.3 m/s |climb rate alt= |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |armament=*2 × 7.9 mm (.31 in) (7,7 mm in Finnish service) machine guns fixed in top of front fuselage and a third 7.9 mm (.31 in) (7.62 mm L-33/34 in Finnish service) manually aimed from rear cockpit
|avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related= |similar aircraft= |sequence= |lists=
|see also= }} References{{commons category|Fokker C.X}}References1. ^Taylor, H.A.. Airspeed Aircraft since 1931. Putnam. 1970. London. {{ISBN|0-370-00110-9}} 2. ^Gunston, Bill, An Illustrated guide to Bombers of World War II, Salamander. {{ISBN|0-86101-069-8}} Bibliography
5 : Dutch bomber aircraft 1930–1939|Fokker aircraft|Biplanes|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1933 |
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