|speakers=100
|date=2010 census
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Altaic
|fam1=Tungusic
|fam2=Northern
|fam3=Udege Group
|iso3=ude
|notice=IPA
|glotto=udih1248
|glottorefname=Udihe
}}The Udege language (also Udihe language, Udekhe language, Udeghe language) is the language of the Udege people. It is a member of the Tungusic family.
Vocabulary
Udege contains a variety of loanwords from the closely related Nanai language, which have supplanted some older Udege vocabulary, such as:
- [banixe] (thank you), from Nanai [banixa], instead of Udege [usasa]
- {{IPA|[dœlbo]}} (work), from Nanai {{IPA|[dœbo]}}, instead of Udege {{IPA|[etete]}}
- {{IPA|[daŋsa]}} (book) from Nanai {{IPA|[daŋsa]}}, itself a loanword from Chinese 檔子 (Pinyin: dāngzi), which actually means "file, records, archives"
In general, a large degree of mutual assimilation of the two languages has been observed in the Bikin region. Udege has also exerted phonological influence on the Bikin dialect of Nanai, including monopthongisation of diphthongs, denasalisation of nasal vowels, deletion of reduced final vowels, epenthetic vowel preventing consonant final words, and the deletion of intervocalic [w].[1]
Orthography
1931-1937 alphabet| A a | Ā ā | B в | Є є | D d | Ӡ ӡ | E e | Ē ē | | Æ æ | F f | G g | H h | I i | Ī ī | J j | K k |
| L l | M m | N n | Ņ ņ | Ŋ ŋ | O o | Ō ō | Ө ө |
| P p | R r | S s | T t | U u | Ū ū | W w | X x |
| Y y | Z z | ’ |
The Udege alphabet is currently written in two versions of the Cyrillic alphabet, known respectively as the "Petersburg" and the "Khabarovsk" versions. The Khabarovsk version is used more often[2].
Cyrillic alphabet (Khabarovsk version)| А а | ʻА ʻа | А̄ а̄ | А̂а̂ | Б б | В в | Г г | Ғ ғ | Д д | Ӡ ӡ | И и | Ӣ ӣ | И̂и̂ | | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Њ њ | Ӈ ӈ | О о | ʻО ʻо | О̄о̄ | О̂о̂ | П п | Р р |
| С с | Т т | У у | Ӯ ӯ | У̂ŷ | Ф ф | Х х | Ч ч | ь | Э э | ʻЭ ʻэ | Э̄э̄ | Э̂э̂ |
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back |
|---|
| Close | i iː | y yː | u uː |
|---|
| Mid | ø øː | ə əː | o oː |
|---|
| Open | æ æː | a aː |
|---|
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | | Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k |
|---|
| voiced | b | d | ɡ |
|---|
| Fricative | s | x |
|---|
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s |
|---|
| voiced | d͡z~z |
|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
|---|
| Liquid | l |
|---|
| Approximant | w | j |
|---|
/z/ is an allophone of /d͡z/.[3]
Notes
1. ^{{harvnb|Nikolaeva|Tolskaya|2001|p=24}}
2. ^{{cite book| author = М. Д. Симонов, В. Т. Кялундзюга | chapter = | chapter-url = | format = | url = | title = Словарь удэгейского языка (хорский диалект). Препринт | orig-year = | agency = | edition = |location= |year= 1998 |publisher= |at= |volume= I |issue = | pages = 3-6, 59| page = | series = | isbn = | ref = }}
3. ^Nikolaeva, Tolskaya. 2001.
Bibliography
- {{citation|last=Atknin|first=V.A. |first2=A. |last2=Girfanova |year=1985|journal=Лингвистические Исследования|issue=1|pages=11–19|title=Отрицательные формы глаголов в удэгэйском языке (в сравнении с другими тунгусо-маньчжурскими языками)/The negative verbal forms in Udihe (in comparison with other Tungus-Manchu languages)}}
- {{citation|last=Nikolaeva|first=Irina|last2=Tolskaya|first2=Maria|title=A Grammar of Udihe|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2001|isbn=978-3-11-016916-4}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100315132016/http://www.ling-atlas.jp/r/tale/list Chukchi fairy tales in Udihe (Udehe) and English]
{{incubator|code=ude}}{{Tungusic languages}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Udege Language}}{{language-stub}} 5 : Agglutinative languages|Tungusic languages|Languages of Russia|Khabarovsk Krai|Endangered languages