| 词条 | Force Z |
| 释义 |
|unit_name=Force Z |image=Japanese high-level bombing attack on HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse on 10 December 1941 (NH 60566).jpg |image_size=250px |caption=The loss of HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse, 10 December 1941. Photograph taken from a Japanese aircraft during the initial high-level bombing attack. Repulse, near the bottom of the view, has just been hit by a bomb. |dates=1941 |country={{flag|United Kingdom}} |allegiance= |branch={{navy|United Kingdom}} |type= |role= |size= 2 × capital ships 4 × destroyers |Garrison=Singapore |battles=Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse aka Battle off Malaya |notable_commanders=Admiral Thomas Phillips (Flag Officer) Captain John Leach (HMS Prince of Wales) Captain William Tennant (HMS Repulse) |anniversaries= }}{{Main|Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse}} Force Z was a British naval squadron during the Second World War, consisting of the battleship {{HMS|Prince of Wales|53|6}}, the battlecruiser {{HMS|Repulse|1916|6}} and accompanying destroyers. Assembled in 1941, the purpose of the group was to reinforce the British colonial garrisons in the Far East and deter Japanese expansion into British possessions, particularly Malaya and Singapore. Lack of aircraft to protect Force Z, underestimation of the Japanese armed forces and the political rather than naval motive for its deployment, are blamed for the destruction of the force. CompositionForce Z consisted of the battleship {{HMS|Prince of Wales|53|6}}, the battlecruiser {{HMS|Repulse|1916|6}}, and four modern destroyers, the E-class {{HMS|Electra|H27|6}}, {{HMS|Express|H61|2}}, and {{HMS|Encounter|H10|2}} and the J-class {{HMS|Jupiter|F85|6}}. For Force Z’s final voyage, the older S-class {{HMS|Tenedos|H04|6}} and World War I veteran V-class {{HMAS|Vampire|D68|6}} were substituted for the damaged Encounter and Jupiter, which remained in Singapore undergoing repairs.[1] The new aircraft carrier {{HMS|Indomitable|92|6}} was to be included, but ran aground in the Caribbean during working up trials. {{HMS|Hermes|95|6}} was considered as a replacement but this idea was dismissed as Hermes was too slow.[2] HistoryAs early as 1920, British Imperial defence strategy had envisaged sending a fleet to Singapore should Far Eastern possessions or interests be threatened.[3] A renamed Force G, Force Z arrived at Singapore on 2 December 1941. It was sent to intercept Japanese landings in Malaya. Prince of Wales and Repulse were sunk by Japanese air attack on 10 December 1941, becoming the first capital ships moving at sea to be sunk solely by the action of enemy aircraft. The lack of protective air cover and the resulting loss of large capital ships to hostile aircraft action, were seen as a vindication of authorities on airpower, such as Air Commodore Charles Rumney Samson CMG DSO & BAR AFC, founder of the Royal Naval Air Service, whose papers on the need for air defence at home and in Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong had not been implemented, and US General Billy Mitchell's tactical air combat doctrine. Both men had resigned their commissions due to a failure to adopt a modern policy towards air defense.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} See also
Notes1. ^Stephen, p. 106. 2. ^{{citation|title = HMS Hermes, British aircraft carrier, WW2|url = http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-04CV-Hermes.htm|publisher = Naval-History.Net|accessdate = 2010-01-27}} 3. ^Keegan, p. References
2 : Royal Navy task forces|Military units and formations of the Royal Navy in World War II |
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