| 词条 | University of Iowa shooting |
| 释义 |
| title = University of Iowa shooting | image = | caption = | location = Iowa City, Iowa, United States | coordinates = | date = Friday, November 1, 1991 | time = | timezone = CST | type = School shooting, murder-suicide | fatalities = 6 (including the perpetrator) | injuries = 1 | perp = Gang Lu | weapons = Taurus .38-caliber revolver }} The University of Iowa shooting was a mass shooting that occurred in Iowa City, Iowa, on November 1, 1991. Gang Lu, a 28-year-old former graduate student at the University of Iowa, killed four members of the faculty and a student then seriously injured another student at the university's campus before committing suicide. Perpetrator and motivesGang Lu (born 1962) ({{zh|t=卢刚 |p=Lú Gāng}}),[1] was a 28-year-old Chinese graduate student at the University of Iowa who had received his doctoral degree in physics and astronomy from the university in May 1991.[2] In 1984, 18-year-old Lu began studying physics at Peking University in Beijing, where he passed the CUSPEA exam and was admitted to study in the United States, becoming a graduate student at the University of Iowa. As a graduate student, Lu was primarily a loner who was perceived by at least one other graduate student to have a psychological problem if challenged and was reported to have had abusive tantrums.[3][4] Lu was infuriated because his dissertation, titled Study of the "Critical Ionization Velocity" Effect by Particle-in-Cell Simulation, did not receive the prestigious D.C. Spriestersbach Dissertation Prize, which included a monetary award of $2,500. The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 led many Chinese students to become eager to stay in the United States, and Lu believed that winning the prize would have made it easier for him to get a job and not have to return to China. Normally, Lu would have gotten a postdoctoral researcher position, but there was not enough money to support him.[5] In the months prior to the shooting, Lu was still living in Iowa City and wrote five letters explaining the reasons for his planned actions. According to university officials, four of the letters were in English and one written in Chinese, intended to be mailed to news organizations. The letters have never been released to the public. The shootingOn Friday, November 1, 1991, Gang Lu attended a meeting for the theoretical space plasma physics research group in a conference room on the third floor of Van Allen Hall at the university's campus. A few minutes after the meeting began, Lu shot three attendees of the meeting with a .38-caliber revolver, then proceeded to the second floor to shoot the chairman of the department in his office.[4] Those who were shot in Van Allen Hall were:
After the shootings at Van Allen Hall, Lu walked three blocks to Jessup Hall to the office of T. Anne Cleary, an associate vice president for Academic Affairs and grievance officer at the university, and shot her in the head. Lu had filed several grievances about not being nominated for the Spriestersbach prize. Cleary died the following day at the University of Iowa Hospital. Lu then shot Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, a 23-year-old student temporary employee in the Office of Academic Affairs, for unknown reasons. Rodolfo-Sioson survived but was left paralyzed from the neck down, and died from inflammatory breast cancer in 2008.[8] Lu had intended to kill university president Hunter Rawlings III, but he was attending the Iowa/Ohio State football game in Columbus, Ohio at the time. Gang Lu was found in room 203 of Jessup Hall with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head, and he died shortly after police arrived. Media adaptionsWriter Jo Ann Beard wrote an acclaimed personal essay based in part on the killings. Her essay, entitled "The Fourth State of Matter", was originally published in The New Yorker. It appeared in the 1997 edition of Best American Essays. The essay was later included in her collection of personal essays, The Boys of My Youth. Beard worked as an editor for a physics journal at the university and was a colleague of the victims. She had been close friends with Goertz. Loosely based on Gang Lu's story, Chinese director Chen Shi-zheng made a feature film, Dark Matter, starring Liu Ye and Meryl Streep. However, the story in Dark Matter has substantial differences in plot and character motivation. The film won the Alfred P. Sloan Prize at the Sundance Film Festival in 2007.[9] The educational series Discovering Psychology, "Cultural Psychology" (Episode 26, updated edition) discusses Gang Lu (at the 3:50 minute mark) [10] A documentary about the life of the lone survivor, Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, entitled Miya of the Quiet Strength, was released in 2009.[11][12] References1. ^{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-06-07/magazine/tm-411_1_lu-gang | work=Los Angeles Times | title=The Physics of Revenge | date=June 7, 1992 |last=Mann |first=Jim |accessdate=April 2, 2015}} 2. ^http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=145328 3. ^{{cite news|last=Marriott|first=Michel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/04/us/iowa-gunman-was-torn-by-academic-challenge.html?ref=michelmarriott |work=New York Times |title=Iowa Gunman Was Torn by Academic Challenge|date=November 4, 1991}} 4. ^1 {{cite news| url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-03/news/9104080982_1_van-allen-hall-dissertation-jessup-hall|work=Chicago Tribune|title=A Deep Resentment Boils Over|date=November 3, 1991}} 5. ^{{cite news |last=Kilen|first=Mike |url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2016/10/28/nov-1-1991-day-university-shooting-rampage-shocked-iowa/92053548/|work=Des Moines Register|title=Nov. 1, 1991: The day a university shooting rampage shocked Iowa|date=November 1, 2016}} 6. ^{{cite journal|author=Gurnett, Don|author2=Joyce, Glenn|title=Obituary: Christoph K. Goertz|journal=Physics Today|date=October 1992|volume=45|issue=10|pages=136–137|url=http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v45/i10/p136_s2?bypassSSO=1|doi=10.1063/1.2809851}} 7. ^{{cite journal|author1=Dubois, Donald|author2=Knorr, George|author3=Payne, Gerald|title=Obituary: Dwight Nicholson |journal=Physics Today|date=October 1992|volume=45|issue=10|pages=136|url=http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v45/i10/p136_s1?bypassSSO=1|doi=10.1063/1.2809850}} 8. ^Shpiner, Ruthanne. "Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, 1968–2008", The Berkeley Daily Planet, 10 December 2008. Retrieved on 26 August 2012. 9. ^Overbye, "A Tale of Power and Intrigue in the Lab, Based on Real Life." 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsychology/26/e26expand.html | title=Discovering Psychology -- Program 26: Cultural Psychology | accessdate=April 10, 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://miyafilm.com/Welcome.html | title=Miya of the Quiet Strength | accessdate=August 26, 2012}} 12. ^{{IMDb title|1358994|Miya of the Quiet Strength}} Further reading
| last = Chen | first = Edwin | year = 1995 | chapter = | title = Deadly Scholarship: The True Story of Lu Gang and Mass Murder in America's Heartland | publisher = Birch Lane Press | location = | isbn = 978-1559722414 }}
| last = Beard | first = Jo Ann | date = | year = 1997 | month = | url = http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1996/06/24/the-fourth-state-of-matter | title = The Fourth State of Matter | work = The New Yorker | pages = | publisher = | language = | accessdate = 13 December 2015 }}
| last = Eckhardt | first = Megan L. | date = November 1, 2001 | month = | url = http://www.uwire.com/content/topnews110101001.html | title = 10 years later, U. Iowa remembers fatal day | work = The Daily Iowan | pages = | publisher = | language = | accessdate = 26 August 2012 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070422044050/http://www.uwire.com/content/topnews110101001.html |archivedate = 2007-04-22}}
| last = Efrati | first = Amir | date = November 1, 2002 | month = | url = http://media.www.dailyiowan.com/media/storage/paper599/news/2002/11/01/Metro/Recalling.A.Snowy.Blustery.November.Day-312815.shtml | title = Recalling a snowy, blustery November day | work = The Daily Iowan | pages = | publisher = | language = | accessdate = 2007-04-01 }}
| last = Grabbe | first = Crockett | date = November 2, 1999 | month = | url = http://www.sealane.org/writing/uimurds.html | title = A Tree of Legacies: The UI Murders 5 Years Later | work = | pages = | publisher = | language = | accessdate = 2006-07-25 }}
| last = Marriott | first = Michel | date = November 3, 1991 | month = | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9D0CE0DB1538F930A35752C1A967958260 | title = Gunman in Iowa Wrote of Plans In Five Letters | format = | work = The New York Times | pages = | publisher = | language = | accessdate = 26 August 2012 }}
| last = Marriott | first = Michel | date = November 4, 1991 | month = | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9D0CE5DB1538F937A35752C1A967958260 | title = Iowa Gunman Was Torn by Academic Challenge | format = | work = The New York Times | pages = | publisher = | language = | accessdate = 26 August 2012 }}
| last = Overbye | first = Dennis | authorlink =Dennis Overbye | date = March 27, 2007 | month = | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/27/science/27dark.html?ei=5087%0A&em=&en=60699d2d8b90a79f&ex=1175227200&pagewanted=all | title = A Tale of Power and Intrigue in the Lab, Based on Real Life | format = | work = The New York Times | pages = | publisher = | language = | accessdate = 26 August 2012 }}{{University of Iowa}}{{Portal|1990s}} 13 : 1991 mass shootings in the United States|Murder–suicides in Iowa|University and college shootings in the United States|Suicides by firearm in Iowa|Murder in Iowa|1991 in Iowa|1991 murders in the United States|Mass murder in 1991|School massacres in the United States|Deaths by firearm in Iowa|Crimes in Iowa|Spree shootings in the United States|November 1991 events |
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