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词条 Foreign relations of Hungary
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Hungary and Central Asia

  3. Relations by region and country

     Africa  Americas  Asia  Europe  Oceania 

  4. Foreign criticism

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. Further reading

{{Politics of Hungary}}

Hungary wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs.[1][2] The foreign policy of Hungary is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law. The Hungarian economy is fairly open and relies strongly on international trade.

Hungary has been a member of the United Nations since December 1955 and member of European Union, the NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, the WTO, the World Bank, the AIIB and the IMF. Hungary took on the presidency of the Council of the European Union for half a year in 2011 and the next will be in 2024. In 2015, Hungary was the fifth largest OECD Non-DAC donor of development aid in the world, which represents 0.13% of its Gross National Income, in this regard Hungary stands before Spain, Israel or Russia.

Hungary's capital city, Budapest is home to more than 100 embassies and representative bodies as an international political actor.[3] Hungary hosts the main and regional headquarters of many international organizations as well, including European Institute of Innovation and Technology, European Police College, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Centre for Democratic Transition, Institute of International Education, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, International Red Cross, Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Danube Commission and even others.[4]

Since 1989, Hungary's top foreign policy goal was achieving integration into Western economic and security organizations. Hungary joined the Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has actively supported the IFOR and SFOR missions in Bosnia. Hungary since 1989 has also improved its often frosty neighborly relations by signing basic treaties with Ukraine, Slovakia, and Romania. These renounce all outstanding territorial claims and lay the foundation for constructive relations. However, the issue of ethnic Hungarian minority rights in Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine periodically causes bilateral tensions to flare up. Hungary since 1989 has signed all of the OSCE documents, and served as the OSCE's Chairman-in-Office in 1997. Hungary's record of implementing CSCE Helsinki Final Act provisions, including those on reunification of divided families, remains among the best in Central and Eastern Europe.

Except for the short-lived neutrality declared by the anti-Soviet leader Imre Nagy in November 1956, Hungary's foreign policy generally followed the Soviet lead from 1947 to 1989. During the Communist period, Hungary maintained treaties of friendship, cooperation, and mutual assistance with the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Romania, and Bulgaria. It was one of the founding members of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact and Comecon, and it was the first central European country to withdraw from those organizations, now defunct. After 1989, Hungary oriented more towards the West, joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.

Overview

As with any country, Hungarian security attitudes are shaped largely by history and geography. For Hungary, this is a history of more than 400 years of domination by great powers—the Ottomans, the Habsburg dynasty, the Germans during World War II, and the Soviets during the Cold War—and a geography of regional instability and separation from Hungarian minorities living in neighboring countries. Hungary's foreign policy priorities, largely consistent since 1990, represent a direct response to these factors. Since 1990, Hungary's top foreign policy goal has been achieving integration into Western economic and security organizations. Hungary joined the Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has actively supported the IFOR and SFOR missions in Bosnia. The Horn government achieved Hungary's most important foreign policy successes of the post-communist era by securing invitations to join both NATO and the European Union in 1997. Hungary became a member of NATO in 1999, and a member of the EU in 2004.

Hungary also has improved its often frosty neighborly relations by signing basic treaties with Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine. These renounce all outstanding territorial claims and lay the foundation for constructive relations. However, the issue of ethnic Hungarian minority rights in Slovakia and Romania periodically causes bilateral tensions to flare up. Hungary was a signatory to the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, has signed all of the CSCE/OSCE follow-on documents since 1989, and served as the OSCE's Chairman-in-Office in 1997. Hungary's record of implementing CSCE Helsinki Final Act provisions, including those on reunification of divided families, remains among the best in eastern Europe. Hungary has been a member of the United Nations since December 1955.

The
//Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros Dams">Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros Dams project

This involves Hungary and Czechoslovakia, and .was agreed on September 16, 1977 ("Budapest Treaty"). The treaty envisioned a cross-border barrage system between the towns Gabčíkovo, Czechoslovakia and Nagymaros, Hungary. After intensive campaign the project became widely hated as a symbol of the old communist regime. In 1989 Hungarian government decided to suspend it. In its sentence from September 1997, the International Court of Justice stated that both sides breached their obligation and that the 1977 Budapest Treaty is still valid. In 1998 the Slovak government turned to the International Court, demanding the Nagymaros part to be built. The international dispute is still not solved as of 2008.

On March 19, 2008 Hungary recognized Kosovo as an independent country.[5]

Disputes – international:

Ongoing Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros Dams dispute with Slovakia

Illicit drugs:

Major trans-shipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamines and methamphetamines

Refugee protection:

The hungarian border barrier was built in 2015, and Hungary was criticized by other European countries for using tear gas and water cannons on refugees of the Syrian Civil War as they were – illegally – trying to pass the country.[6][7]

Since 2017, the Hungary–Ukraine relations rapidly deteriorated over the issue of the Hungarian minority in Ukraine.[8][9]

Hungary and Central Asia

A number of Hungarian anthropologists and linguists have long had an interest in the Turkic peoples, fueled by the eastern origin of the Hungarians' ancestors.[10] The Hungarian ethnomusicologist Bence Szabolcsi explained this motivation as follows: "Hungarians are the outermost branch leaning this way from age-old tree of the great Asian musical culture rooted in the souls of a variety of peoples living from China through Central Asia to the Black Sea".[11]

Relations by region and country

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Algeria }}
  • Algeria has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Algiers.
Cape Verde}}

Hungary is represented in Cape-Verde by its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal[12][13] and an honorary consulate in Praia.[14]

Egypt }}
  • Egypt has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Cairo.
Ethiopia }}
  • Ethiopia is accredited to Hungary from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Guinea-Bissau}}

Hungary is represented in Guinea-Bissau by its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal.[14]

Kenya }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
Libya }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tripoli.
  • Libya has an embassy in Budapest.
Morocco }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Latifa Akharbach, the Morocco's under-secretary of Minister of Foreign Affairs visited Hungary in 2007.
Nigeria }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Budapest.
South Africa }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Budapest.
Tunisia }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tunis.
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Budapest.

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Argentina}}
  • Argentina has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
Belize}}
  • Hungary is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
Brazil }}

The Brazil-Hungary Cultural Agreement was signed in 1992, and ratified on January 12, 1996.

  • Brazil has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Brasília and a consulate-general in São Paulo. The Hungarian Embassy in Brasília has consular jurisdiction over most of the Brazilian territory, except for the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul, which fall under the jurisdiction of the consulate-general in São Paulo.
Canada }}1964See Canada–Hungary relations
  • Canada has an embassy in Budapest.[15]
  • Hungary has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulate-general in Toronto.[16]
Chile }}
  • Chile has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Santiago.
Colombia }}1973
  • Colombia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Bogotá.
Cuba }}
  • Cuba has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Havana.
Ecuador }}
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Quito.
Guyana}}1975

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1975.[17]

Mexico }}1925See Hungary–Mexico relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1864, during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Diplomatic relations were established between Hungary and Mexico in 1925 and were suspended in 1941. They were re-established on 14 May 1974.

  • Hungary has an embassy in Mexico City.[18]
  • Mexico has an embassy in Budapest.[19]
Peru}}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Budapest.
United States}}1922See Hungary–United States relations

Normal bilateral relations between Hungary and the U.S. were resumed in December 1945 when a U.S. ambassador was appointed and the embassy was re-opened.

  • Hungary has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in Los Angeles and New York.[20]
  • United States has an embassy in Budapest.[21]
Uruguay}}See Hungary–Uruguay relations
  • Hungary is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Budapest.
Venezuela}}
  • Hungary is accredited to Venezuela from its embassy in Quito, Ecuador.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Budapest.

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Armenia }}

See Armenia–Hungary relations

On 31 August 2012, Armenia severed relations with Hungary following the extradition of Ramil Safarov.[22]

  • There are around 15,000 people of Armenian descent living in Hungary.
Azerbaijan }}See Azerbaijan–Hungary relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Baku.
China }}1949-10-04
  • China has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
  • Officials from Hungary regularly visit China on trade missions, a factor that helped enabled the buyout of distressed Hungarian chemical maker Borsodchem by the Chinese company Wanhua Group.[23]
India }}See Hungary–India relations
  • Hungary has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Budapest.
Indonesia }} 1955
  • Hungary has an embassy in Jakarta.[24] opened in Jakarta, the Indonesian capital, in 1957. Hungary has two honorary consuls in Indonesia, one in Bandung, West Java and another in Denpasar, Bali. A third consul will be opened in Surabaya, East Java.[24]
  • Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Hungary
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Budapest.[25] and there is a commercial developmental center too.
Iran }}1939See Hungary–Iran relations
  • Since 1951, Hungary has an embassy in Tehran.[26]
  • Iran has an embassy in Budapest.[27]
Iraq }}See Hungary–Iraq relations, Hungary–Kurdistan Region relations
  • Hungary has an embassy in Baghdad.
  • Iraq has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Between August 2003 and March 2005, Hungary had contributed to more than 300 soldiers to the Multinational force in Iraq.
Israel }}See Hungary–Israel relations
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tel Aviv and 4 honorary consulates (in Eilat, Haifa, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv).[28]
  • Israel has an embassy in Budapest and an honorary consulate in Szeged.[29]
  • Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Japan }}See Hungary–Japan relations
  • After World War II, both countries re-established diplomatic relations in August 1959.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tokyo and 2 honorary consulates (in Hamamatsu and Osaka).[30]
  • Japan has an embassy in Budapest.[31]
  • Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary
Kazakhstan}}1991
  • Hungary has an embassy in Astana, and in Almaty.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Budapest.
Malaysia }}1969See Hungary–Malaysia relations
  • Hungary has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Malaysia Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Hungary
  • [https://archive.is/20081202140936/http://www.kln.gov.my/mission/budapest Hungary–Malaysia relations on www.kln.gov.my]
Mongolia }} 1959-05-29
  • Hungary is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China and though an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar.
  • Mongolia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Mongolian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Hungary (in Mongolian only)
North Korea }}See Hungary – North Korea relations
  • Relations between the two countries existed since the Korean War, but however have evolved into conflicts.
Pakistan }}1965-11-26
  • Since 1970, Hungary has an embassy in Islamabad and an honorary consulate in Karachi.[32]
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Budapest[33]
South Korea }} 1 February 1989[34]See Hungary–South Korea relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between Hungary and South Korea began on 1 February 1989.

  • Permanent missions between the two countries were announced during the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The announcement made Hungary the first Eastern Bloc country to exchange ambassadors with South Korea.
  • Hungary has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with South Korea.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Seoul.[35]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Budapest.
Sri Lanka }}See Hungary – Sri Lanka relations

Sri Lanka has an embassy in Vienna, Austria that is accredited to Hungary[36] and has an honorary consulate in Budapest[37] Hungary maintains an honorary consulate in Colombo, Sri Lanka.[38] Hungary contributed to relief after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and has since stepped up aid to Sri Lanka.[39]

Thailand }}1973-10-24See Hungary–Thailand relations
  • Since 1978, Hungary has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulatte in Pattaya.[40]
  • Since 1989, Thailand has an embassy in Budapest. Thailand has also a commercial office in Budapest.[41][42][43]
Turkey}}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate–general in Istanbul.[44]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Budapest[45] and an honorary consulate in Keszthely.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the OECD, the NATO, the OSCE and the WTO. Also Hungary is an EU member and Turkey is a candidate.
  • Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary
United Arab Emirates}}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Budapest.
Vietnam }} 1950-02-03
  • Hungary has an embassy in Hanoi and an honorary consulate in Ho Chi Minh City.[46]
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Albania }}See Albania–Hungary relations

Austria-Hungary supported Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912.

  • Albania has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tirana.
Austria }}See Austria–Hungary relations

Austrian-Hungarian relations are the neighborly relations between Austria and Hungary, two member states of the European Union. Both countries have a long common history since the ruling dynasty of Austria, the Habsburgs, inherited the Hungarian throne in the 16th century. Both have been part of the now-defunct Austro-Hungarian Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1921, after their separation.

  • Austria has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Vienna.
Belgium}}
  • Belgium has an embassy in Budapest.[47]
  • Hungary has an embassy in Brussels and 2 honorary consulates (in Antwerp and Liège).[48]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Bosnia and Herzegovina }}1992-04-10See Bosnia and Herzegovina – Hungary relations
  • Hungary recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence on April 9, 1992.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Sarajevo.[49]
Bulgaria }}1920See Bulgaria–Hungary relations
  • Bulgaria has an embassy in Budapest.[50]
  • Hungary has an embassy in Sofia and an honorary consulate in Varna.[51]
Croatia }}See Croatia–Hungary relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Zagreb.
Denmark }}See Denmark–Hungary relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Copenhagen.
{{flag|Estonia }}1924-02-24
  • Estonia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tallinn and two honorary consulates (in Tallinn and Tartu).[52]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Finland }}1947-05-20|format=dmy}}
  • Hungary recognised Finland on August 23, 1920. Finland recognised Hungary on September 10, 1920.
  • Finland broke off diplomatic relations on September 20, 1944.
  • Diplomatic relations were re-established on May 20, 1947.
  • Both national languages, Finnish and Hungarian, are Uralic languages, which has led to cultural exchange albeit at a much smaller scale compared to the third major Uralic-speaking country, Estonia.
  • Finland has an embassy in Budapest and an honorary consulate in Pécs.[53]
  • Hungary has an embassy in Helsinki and four honorary consulates (in Turku, Mariehamn, Tampere and Joensuu).[54]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
France }}See France–Hungary relations
  • France has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Paris.
Germany }}See Germany–Hungary relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Berlin.
Iceland }}
  • Hungary is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Oslo, Norway.
  • Iceland is accredited to Hungary from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Reykjavik and maintains an honorary consulate in Budapest.
Ireland }}1976
  • Since 1991, Hungary has an embassy in Dublin and 2 honorary consulates (in Athlone and Cork).[55]
  • Since 1996, Ireland has an embassy in Budapest.[56]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe.
  • There are approximately 8,034 Hungarians living in Ireland.[57]
Italy }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Rome, a general consulate in Milan, and 11 honorary consulates (in Bari, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, Naples, Palermo, Perugia, Trieste, Turin, Venice and Verona).[58][59]
  • Italy (Lombardy, Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and Hungary were part of the Austrian Empire.
  • Italy has an embassy in Budapest and 3 honorary consulates (in Nyíregyháza, Pécs and Szeged).[60]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
Kosovo }}

Hungary recognized Kosovo on 19 March 2008.[61]

  • Hungary has an embassy in Pristina.[62]
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Budapest.
Latvia }}1921-07-21
  • Diplomatic relations between the two states were renewed on September 2, 1991.
  • Hungary has an embassy and an honorary consulate in Riga.[63]
  • Latvia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary
Lithuania }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Vilnius and an honorary consulate in Kaunas.[64]
  • Lithuania has an embassy and an honorary consulate in Budapest.[65]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Hungary (in Lithuanian only)
Luxembourg }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Luxembourg City.
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
  • Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of the European Union and of NATO.
Malta }}1964
  • Hungary is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Vienna, Austria and through an honorary consulate in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
  • Direction of the Hungarian representations in Malta
  • Direction of the Maltese representations in Hungary
Moldova}}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Chişinău.
  • Moldova has an embassy in Budapest.
Montenegro }}

Hungary recognized Montenegro shortly after their declaration of independence.

  • Hungary has an embassy in Podgorica.
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Budapest.[66]
Netherlands }}
  • The Netherlands has an embassy in Budapest and an honorary consulate in Pécs.[67]
  • Hungary has an embassy in The Hague and six honorary consulates (in Amsterdam, Arnhem, Aerdenhout, Winsum, 's-Hertogenbosch, and Curaçao).[68]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary
Norway }}1920
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1920, but diplomatic representations were set up only in 1947–1948.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Oslo and 2 honorary consulates (in Stavanger and Sarpsborg).[69]
  • Norway has an embassy in Budapest.[70]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
Poland }}See Hungary-Poland relations
  • Hungary has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Budapest.
Portugal }}1974-07-01
  • Hungary has an embassy in Lisbon and 3 honorary consulates (in Funchal, Porto and Tavira).[71][72]
  • Portugal has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
Romania }}1920
  • Relations between the two states date back from the Middle Ages. Until the end of World War I, Transylvania, Banat, Crişana and Maramureş were part of the Kingdom of Hungary, after the war they became part of the Romanian territory.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Bucharest, 2 general consulates in Miercurea Ciuc and Cluj, and 4 honorary consulates in Iași, Constanța, Drobeta-Turnu Severin and Timișoara.[73]
  • Romania has an embassy in Budapest and 2 general consulates in Gyula and Szeged.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
Russia }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Moscow and two consulate-generals (in Saint Petersburg and Yekaterinburg).
  • Russia has an embassy in Budapest and a consulate-general in Debrecen.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Serbia }}1882-11-21See Hungary–Serbia relations
  • Hungary has an embassy in Belgrade and a general consulate in Subotica.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Budapest and an honorary consulate in Szeged.
Slovakia }}1993See Hungary–Slovakia relations
  • Before 1920, the territory which called Slovakia today was integral part of the Kingdom of Hungary
  • Hungary has an embassy in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy Budapest and a general consulate in Békéscsaba.
Slovenia }}
  • Both countries have an ethnic minority from the other state: in Hungary there are around 3,000 Ethnic Slovenes, and in Slovenia there are around 7,713 Ethnic Hungarians.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Ljubljana.[74]
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Budapest and a general consulate in Szentgotthárd.[75]
  • The countries share 102 km of common border.
  • Both are full members of NATO, European Union and the Schengen Agreement.
  • See also Hungarian Slovenes
Spain }}1938-01-13
  • Hungary has an embassy in Madrid, a general consulate in Barcelona and 5 honorary consulates (in Gijón, Málaga, Palma de Mallorca, Tenerife, and Valencia).[76][77][78][79]
  • Spain has an embassy in Budapest.[80]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120222063237/http://www.maec.es/SiteCollectionDocuments/Monografias/Hungria.pdf Spanish Ministry of Foreign Relations about the relation with Hungary (in Spanish only)]
Sweden }}1945-12-28

See Hungary–Sweden relations

  • Hungary has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Budapest.
Ukraine }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Kiev, a consulate general in Uzhhorod, a consulate in Berehove and an honorary consulate in Lviv.[81][82][83]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Budapest and a general consulate in Nyíregyháza.
  • There are around 155,000 Hungarians in Ukraine who live in Ukraine, mostly in the Zakarpattia Oblast at the border with Hungary.
  • Both countries shares 103 km of common border.
  • See also Hungarians in Ukraine
  • Hungarian consulate in Berehove (in Hungarian and Ukrainian only)
United Kingdom }}1920
  • Hungary and the U.K. enjoy friendly relations.
  • Hungary has an embassy in London and 5 honorary consulates (in Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Liverpool and Torquay).[84]
  • The United Kingdom has an embassy in Budapest.[85]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • See also Hungarian migration to the United Kingdom
  • British Foreign and Commonwealth Office about the relation with Hungary

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Australia }} 1972
  • Australia is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Vienna, Austria and maintains an honorary consulate in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Canberra, a consulate-general in Sydney and four honorary consulate (in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Perth).[86]
  • Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Hungary
New Zealand }}
  • Hungary has an embassy in Wellington.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Budapest.

Foreign criticism

In December 2010, the Fidesz government adopted a press and media law which threatens fines on media that engage in "unbalanced coverage".[89] The law aroused criticism in the European Union as possibly "a direct threat to democracy".[87]

In 2013, the government adopted a new constitution that modified several aspects of the institutional and legal framework in Hungary. These changes have been criticized by the Council of Europe, the European Union and Human Rights Watch as possibly undermining the rule of law and human rights protection.[88]

See also

  • List of diplomatic missions in Hungary
  • List of diplomatic missions of Hungary
  • Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens

References

1. ^Solomon S (1997) South African Foreign Policy and Middle Power Leadership {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426220103/http://www.issafrica.org/Pubs/Monographs/No13/Solomon.html |date=26 April 2015 }}, ISS
2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Higgott|first1=Richard A.|last2=Cooper|first2=Andrew Fenton|title=Middle power leadership and coalition building: Canada, the Cairns Group, and the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations|journal=International Organization|date=1990|volume=44|issue=4|pages=589–632|doi=10.1017/S0020818300035414|jstor=2706854}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.123embassy.com/city.php?c=Budapest|title=Embassies in Budapest|year=2014|publisher=123embassy.com|accessdate=20 November 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum2005/Templates/alapsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fkum%2Fen%2Fbal%2Fforeign_policy%2Fun_sc%2Finternational_organisations.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B45550E06-66FE-4183-A899-EDF5BD040EB5%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest&printable=true |title=International organizations in Hungary |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=20 November 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313115736/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum2005/Templates/alapsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fkum%2Fen%2Fbal%2Fforeign_policy%2Fun_sc%2Finternational_organisations.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B45550E06-66FE-4183-A899-EDF5BD040EB5%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest&printable=true |archivedate=13 March 2016 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Croatia and Hungary recognize Kosovo|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/03/19/europe/kosovo.php|work=The Associated Press|publisher=International Herald Tribune|date=2008-03-19|accessdate=2008-09-21}}
6. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/sep/16/first-refugees-head-for-croatia-after-hungarys-border-crackdown-live-updates Hungary border crackdown], The Guardian 16 September 2015
7. ^Hungarian police spary tear gas water cannons at migrants, CBS news 16 September 2015
8. ^{{cite news |title=Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises ‘pain’ |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/ukraine-defends-education-reform-as-hungary-promises-pain-1.3235916 |work=The Irish Times |date=27 September 2017}}
9. ^"[https://www.neweurope.eu/article/hungary-ukraine-relations-hit-new-low-troop-deployment/ Hungary-Ukraine relations hit new low over troop deployment]". New Europe. 26 March 2018.
10. ^{{cite book|first=András |last=Róna-Tas|publisher=Central European University Press |year=1999|isbn=978-963-9116-48-1|title=Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I-RTt0Q6AcYC|pages=409–410}}
11. ^ipos, János Kazakh Folksongs from the Two Ends of the Steppe
12. ^ 
13. ^{{Cite web | url=https://lisszabon.mfa.gov.hu/eng | title=Home | Embassy of Hungary
Lisbon}}
14. ^1 {{Cite web | url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-and-trade/missions | title=Government - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade - Missions}}
15. ^Embassy of Canada in Budapest
16. ^[https://ottawa.mfa.gov.hu/eng Embassy of Hungary in Ottawa]
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-07-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101008/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-07 |df= }}
18. ^[https://mexikovaros.mfa.gov.hu Embassy of Hungary in Mexico]
19. ^[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/es/ Embassy of Mexico in Hungary]
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://washington.kormany.hu/|title=Magyar Nagykövetség – Washington DC|website=Washington.kormany.hu|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://hungary.usembassy.gov/|title=Home – Embassy of the United States Budapest, Hungary|website=Hungary.usembassy.gov|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
22. ^Remarks by the President of the Republic of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan at the Meeting with the Heads of Diplomatic Missions Accredited in the Republic of Armenia
23. ^{{cite news|title=CEE Needs to Play the Asia Card|newspaper=Euromoney|date=May 4, 2011}}
24. ^1 Bilateral relations between Hungary and Indonesia {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/ID/en/en_Bilateralis/ |date=* }}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indonesia.hu/|title=Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia|website=Indonesia.hu|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/IR/EN|title= Hungarian embassy in Tehran|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iranembassy.hu/|title=New Web Site|website=Iranembassy.hu|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/IL/en/mainpage.htm|title=Wayback Machine|accessdate=8 October 2017}}{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/IL/en/mainpage.htm |date=* }}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://budapest.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/missionhome.asp?LanguageID=0&Question2=&MissionID=39&MissionID=|title=Error-2010-f3|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/JP/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in Tokyo|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hu.emb-japan.go.jp/|title=在ハンガリー日本国大使館|website=Hu.emb-japan.go.jp|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/PK/HU|title= Hungarian embassy in Islamabad|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
33. ^Pakistani embassy in Budapest {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103235528/http://www.pakistanembassy.hu/ |date=November 3, 2011 }}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070818/1_24615.jsp?menu=m_30_40|title=Countries and Regions > Europe > List of the Countries|website=Mofa.go.kr|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
35. ^{{Cite web | url=https://szoul.mfa.gov.hu/hun | title=Kezdőlap | Magyarország Nagykövetsége
Szöul}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.srilankaembassy.at/MainPage.htm |title=Embassy and Permanent Mission of Sri Lanka |publisher=Sri Lankan Embassy in Vienna |accessdate=2009-05-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504134755/http://www.srilankaembassy.at/MainPage.htm |archivedate=May 4, 2009 }}
37. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kulugyminiszterium.hu/kum/hu/bal/Kulpolitikank/tb_konz_konf_2008/tb_konz_intezmeny_testulet/hun_tb_konz_lista.htm |title=List of honorary consuls in Hungary |publisher=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Hungary |language=Hungarian |accessdate=2009-05-03}}
38. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.slmfa.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=789&Itemid=84 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070610020959/http://www.slmfa.gov.lk//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=789&Itemid=84 |dead-url = yes |archive-date = 2007-06-10 |title = Consulate of the Republic of Hungary |publisher = Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Hungary |accessdate = 2009-05-03}}
39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum/en/bal/foreign_policy/bilateral/bilateral_affairs.aspx?d=Political%20%7C%20Diplomatic%20relations&c=118&z=Asia |title=Bilateral Relations (Sri Lanka) |publisher=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Hungary |accessdate=2009-05-03}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/TH/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in Bangkok|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.go.th/web/1310.php?depid=203|title= Thai embassy in Budapest|website=Mfa.go.th|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kulugyminiszterium.hu/kum2005/Templates/wordsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=/kum/hu/bal/Kepviseletek/Kulfoldi_kepviseletek_Magyarorszagon/Nagykovetsegek_es_Fokonzulatusok/azsia.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B6950B9CB-9163-4C8F-A2A8-08F60CE4135D%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#thaifold|title=Ázsia|website=Kulugyminiszterium.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiembassy.org/budapest|title=สถานเอกอัครราชทูต ณ กรุงบูดาเปสต์|website=Thaiembassy.org|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://hungary.visahq.com/embassy/Turkey/|title=Embassy of Hungary in Turkey|website=Hungary.visahq.com|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://bukres.be.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Bükreş Büyükelçiliği|website=Bukres.be.mfa.gov.tr|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/VN/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in Hanoi|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.diplomatie.be/budapest/|title= Belgian embassy in Budapest|publisher=|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
48. ^Hungarian representation to the European Union in Brussels
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/BH/HU|title= Hungarian embassy in Sarajevo (in Hungarian only)|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.bg/embassies/hungary|title=Министерство на външните работи|website=Mfa.bg|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=https://szofia.mfa.gov.hu/eng|title=Home – Embassy of Hungary Sofia|website=szofia.mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/hu/kulgazdasagi-es-kulugyminiszterium/kulkepviseletek|title=Hungarian embassy in Tallinn|website=kormanu.hu|accessdate=November 23, 2018|df=}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=https://um.fi/edustustot-maittain/-/asset_publisher/dCMOY7lDMXLf/contactInfoOrganization/id/120890|title=Finnish embassy in Budapest|website=https://um.fi/edustustot|accessdate=November 23, 2018|df=}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/hu/kulgazdasagi-es-kulugyminiszterium/kulkepviseletek|title=Hungarian embassy in Helsinki|website=kormanu.hu|accessdate=November 23, 2018|df=}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/IE/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in Dublin|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
56. ^Irish embassy in Budapest {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024030624/http://www.embassyofireland.hu/home/index.aspx?id=32628 |date=2010-10-24 }}
57. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/documents/census2011profile6/Profile%206%20Migration%20and%20Diversity%20Commentary.pdf | title=CSO Emigration | publisher=Census Office Ireland | accessdate=26 July 2013}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/IT/it/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in Rome (in Hungarian and Italian only)|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/MILANO/HU|title= Hungarian general consulate in Milan (in Hungarian and Italian only)|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ambbudapest.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Budapest|title=Ambasciata d'Italia – Budapest|website=Ambbudapest.esteri.it|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum/en/bal/actualities/spokesman_statements/Kosovo_recognition_080319.htm|title=Hungary recognizes Kosovo's Independence|date=2008-03-19|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary|accessdate=2008-03-19}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/Pristina/en/mainpage.htm|title=Embassy of the Republic of Hungary in Pristina |publisher=Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=2008-06-27}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/LV/HU|title= Hungarian embassy in Riga (in Hungarian and Latvian only)|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/LT/hu|title=Főoldal|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://hu.mfa.lt/index.php?1247271411|title=Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija – Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija|author=Dizaino Kryptis|website=Hu.mfa.lt|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
66. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kulugyminiszterium.hu/kum/hu/bal/Kepviseletek/Kulfoldi_kepviseletek_Magyarorszagon/Nagykovetsegek_es_Fokonzulatusok/europa.htm|title=Montenegro office and relation with Hungary|website=Kulugyminiszterium.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
67. ^Dutch embassy in Budapest {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907150627/http://www.netherlandsembassy.hu/en/index.php |date=September 7, 2008 }}
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/NL/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in The Hague|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/NO/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in Oslo|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.norvegia.hu/|title=Norvégia – hivatalos honlapja Magyarországon|website=Norvegia.hu|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/PT/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in Lisbon|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hungariaconsulatealgarve.org/|title=Jay E. Peterson|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
73. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mae.ro/romanian-missions/3293|title=Romanian Missions in Hungary|website=mae.ro|accessdate=10 June 2018}}
74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/SLO/hu|title= Hungarian embassy in Ljubljana (in Hungarian and Slovenian only)|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=http://budimpesta.veleposlanistvo.si/index.php?id=22&L=1|title=Embassy of the RS Budapest|website=Budimpesta.veleposlanistvo.si|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
76. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/ES/hu|title= Hungarian embassy in Madrid (in Hungarian and Spanish only)|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/BARCELONA/HU|title= Hungarian general consulate in Barcelona (in Hungarian, Catalan and Spanish only)|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.consulado-hungria.org/|title=เล่นคาสิโนออนไลน์ 24 ชั่วโมงผ่านบาคาร่าไม่มีวันหยุด|website=Consulado-hungria.org|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kanari-szigetek.hu/|title=Kan醨i-szigetek Tiszteletbeli Magyar Konzul醫usa – Consulado Honorario de la Rep鷅lica de Hugr韆 de las Islas Canarias|website=Kanari-szigetek.hu|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
80. ^Spanish embassy in Budapest (in Spanish only) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414120111/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/Embajadas/Budapest/es/home/Paginas/Home.aspx |date=2013-04-14 }}
81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/UA/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in Kiev|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/ungvar/HU|title= Hungarian consulate general in Uzhhorod (in Hungarian and Ukrainian only)|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ua/hungary/en/news/top.htm|title=Посольство України в Угорщині|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
84. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/UK/en/mainpage.htm|title= Hungarian embassy in London|website=Mfa.gov.hu|accessdate=8 October 2017}}
85. ^{{cite web|url=http://ukinhungary.fco.gov.uk/en/|title=UK and Hungary|website=Ukinhungary.fco.gov.uk|accessdate=20 February 2015}}
86. ^Hungarian consulate general in Sydney {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125024333/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/Sydney/en/mainpage.htm |date=January 25, 2010 }}
87. ^1 ‘The New Press and Media Act in Hungary’ (concerning the December 2010 law), by Kai Ekholm and Tarja Svärd-Ylilehto. ifla.org, 5 October 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
88. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/09/18/hungary-constitutional-change-falls-short|title=Hungary: Constitutional Change Falls Short|work=hrw.org|accessdate=17 May 2015 |date=18 September 2013}}

Further reading

  • Borhi, László, “In the Power Arena: U.S.-Hungarian Relations, 1942–1989,” The Hungarian Quarterly (Budapest), 51 (Summer 2010), pp 67–81.
  • Glant, Tibor, “Ninety Years of United States-Hungarian Relations,” Eger Journal of American Studies, 13 (2012), pp 163–83.
  • Hornyak, Arpad. Hungarian-Yugoslav Diplomatic Relations, 1918–1927 (East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press; 2013) 426 pages
{{Foreign relations of Hungary}}{{Hungary articles}}{{Foreign relations of Europe}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations Of Hungary}}

1 : Foreign relations of Hungary
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