词条 | Formication |
释义 |
| name = Formication | field = Psychiatry | synonyms = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Formication is the sensation that resembles that of small insects crawling on (or under) the skin. It is one specific form of a set of sensations known as paresthesias, which also include the more common prickling, tingling sensation known as "pins and needles". Formication is a well documented symptom, which has numerous possible causes. The word is derived from formica, the Latin word for ant. Formication may sometimes be experienced as feelings of itchiness, tingling, pins and needles, burning, or even pain. When formication is perceived as itchiness, it may trigger the scratch reflex, and because of this, some people who experience the sensation are at risk of causing skin damage through excessive scratching. In some instances, static electricity can attract particulates to the skin and can also cause body hair to move, giving a sensation like insects crawling over the skin.[1] However, in many cases no external trigger creates the sensation. In rare cases, individuals become convinced that the sensation is due to the presence of real insects on or under the skin. In these cases, patients have what is known as delusional parasitosis. They believe that their skin is inhabited by, or under attack by, small insects or similar parasites, despite repeated reassurances from physicians, pest control experts, and entomologists.[2] CausesCauses of formication include normal states such as onset of menopause (i.e. hormone withdrawal). Other causes are medical conditions such as pesticide exposure,[3] mercury poisoning, diabetic neuropathy, skin cancer, syphilis, Lyme disease or herpes zoster (shingles).[2] Formication can be a result of stimulant intoxication (e.g. methamphetamines, cocaine)[4] or alcohol withdrawal in alcoholics (i.e. delirium tremens), and is often accompanied by visual hallucinations of insects (formicanopia).[2] It can also occur as a symptom of benzodiazepine withdrawal, withdrawal from medication such as SSRI/SNRI antidepressants and tramadol; and as a side effect of opioid analgesics. HistoryFormication is etymologically derived from the Latin word formica, meaning "ant", precisely because of this similarity in sensation to that of crawling insects. The term has been in use for several hundred years. In the 1797 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, a description of the condition raphania includes the symptom: {{quote|...a formication, or sensation as of ants or other small insects creeping on the parts.|[5]}}Described again in an instructional text from 1890:
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|last=Potter|first=Mike|title=INVISIBLE ITCHES: Insect and Non-Insect Causes|url=http://www2.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ent58.asp|work=ENTFACT-58|publisher=University of Kentucky|accessdate=2013-12-13}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last=Hinkle |first=Nancy C |title=Delusory Parasitosis |journal=American Entomologist |volume=46 |pages=17–25 |year=2000 |url=http://www.ent.uga.edu/pubs/delusory.pdf |format=PDF |issue=1 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021033308/http://www.ent.uga.edu/pubs/delusory.pdf |archivedate=2012-10-21 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite journal|pmid=1964560|year=1990|author1=Vijverberg|first1=H. P.|title=Neurotoxicological effects and the mode of action of pyrethroid insecticides|journal=Critical Reviews in Toxicology|volume=21|issue=2|pages=105–26|last2=Van Den Bercken|first2=J|doi=10.3109/10408449009089875}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last=Rusyniak |first=Daniel E. |title=Neurologic manifestations of chronic methamphetamine abuse |journal=Neurologic Clinics |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=641–655 |year=2011 |pmc=3148451 |pmid=21803215 |doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2011.05.004}} 5. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=fIJMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA260&dq=formication Encyclopædia Britannica], 1797, p. 260 6. ^Jamieson, William Allan (1894) [https://books.google.com/books?id=EeJnxmKxH0gC Diseases of the Skin: A Manual for Practitioners and Students]. Pentland External links{{Medical resources| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|20|2|r|20}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|782.0}} | DiseasesDB = 24182 }}{{Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs}} 3 : Hallucinations|Symptoms and signs: Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour|Substance dependence |
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