| 释义 |
- Original owners USRA originals Copies[2]
- References
{{Infobox locomotive
|name = USRA Heavy Mikado
|powertype = Steam
|image = USRA Heavy Mikado.jpg
|whytetype = 2-8-2
|uicclass = 1′D1′ h2
|builddate = 1918–?
|builder = ALCO, Baldwin, Lima
|totalproduction = 233 originals, plus 724 copies[1]
|leadingdiameter =
|driverdiameter = {{convert|63|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}[2]
|trailingdiameter =
|wheelbase = locomotive: {{convert|36|ft|1|in|m|2|abbr=on}}[2]
|cylindercount = Two[2]
|cylindersize = {{convert|27|x|32|in|mm|abbr=on}}[2]
|boilerpressure = {{convert|190|lbf/in2|kPa|abbr=on}}[2]
|firearea = {{convert|70.8|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}[2]
|valvegear = Walschaerts[2]
|tractiveeffort = {{convert|60000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}[2]
}}The USRA Heavy Mikado was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration (USRA), the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′D1′ in UIC classification. A total of 233 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a de facto standard design, which was built to the total of 957 locomotives including the USRA originals and all subsequent copies.[1] Heavy Mikado used the same running gear as the USRA Light Mikado but were built to a higher axle load, larger cylinders and a much larger boiler for more power and steam-generating ability. Many aspects of the PRR L1s class were carried over to the Heavy Mikado, although not that locomotive's distinctive Belpaire firebox.[2] Original ownersUSRA originalsTable of original USRA allocation[3]| Railroad | Quantity | Class | Road numbers | Notes | | Central Railroad of New Jersey | 10 | M1s | 850–859 | reclassified M63 in 1945[4] | | Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad | 15 | O-4 | 5500–5514 | Several to Colorado and Southern Railway and Fort Worth and Denver Railroad[5] | | CB&Q affiliate Fort Worth and Denver Railway | 5 | E-4A2 | 451–455 | [6] | | Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad ("Milwaukee Road") | 100 | L3 | 8600–8699 | Renumbered 300–399 (not in order)[7] | | Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ("Omaha Road") | 4 | J-2 | 422–425 | [8] | | El Paso and Southwestern Railroad | 5 | to Great Northern Railway #3204–3208 in 1920[9] | | Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway | 5 | to Western Pacific Railroad in 1920[10] | | Erie Railroad | 15 | N-2 | 3200–3214 | [11] | | Great Northern Railway | 4 | O-3 | 3145–3148 | [9] | | Louisville and Nashville Railroad | 20 | J4 | 1750–1769 | [12] | | New York Central Railroad subsidiary Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad | 15 | H-9b, H-9d | 9505–9509, 9510–9519 | [13] | | New York Central Railroad subsidiary Pittsburgh, McKeesport and Youghiogheny Railroad | 15 | H-9a, H-9c | 9580–9589, 9590–9594 | [13] | | Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway | 20 | M-1 | 6001–6020 | to New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad ("Nickel Plate Road") #671–690 in 1949[14] | | Total | 233 |
|---|
Copies[2]Table of copies| Railroad | Quantity | Class | Road numbers | Notes | | Central Railroad of New Jersey | 56 | M2s, M2as, M3 | 860–915 | reclassified M63 in 1945[4] | | Chicago, Indianapolis and Louisville Railroad ("Monon") | date=February 2009|reason=Not listed as USRA by Drury...}} | | Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ("Omaha Road") | 6 | J-2 | 426–431 | [8] | | Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway ("Omaha Road") | 8 | J-3 | 432–439 | [8] | | Louisville and Nashville Railroad | 145 | J-4, J-4A | 1770–1914 | [12] | | Missouri Pacific Railroad | 170 | MK-63 | 1401–1570 | [15] | | MP subsidiary St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway | 10 | MK-63 | 1111–1120 | [15] | | New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad ("Nickel Plate Road") | date=February 2009|reason=Not listed as USRA by Drury...}} | | Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railway | | St. Louis-San Francisco Railway | 65 | 4100 | 4100–4164 | [16] | | Southern Railway | 115 | Ms-4 | 4800–4915 | [17] | | Southern subsidiary Alabama Great Southern Railroad | 8 | Ms-4 | 6622–9929 | [17] | | Southern subsidiary Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railroad | 43 | Ms-4 | 6320–6337, 6350–6374 | [17] | | West Point Route (Atlanta and West Point Rail Road) | 1 | F | 430 | [18] | | West Point Route (Western Railway of Alabama) | 1 | F | 380 | [18] | | Total | 724 |
|---|
None of the originals built under USRA auspices or any of the subsequent copies were preserved. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Huddleston (2002).
2. ^1 2 Westcott (1960).
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/misc/usra.shtml |title=USRA locomotives |work=Steamlocomotive.com |accessdate=2009-02-22 }}
4. ^1 Drury pp.74, 76
5. ^Drury pp.101, 106
6. ^Drury pp.136, 138
7. ^Drury pp.116, 122
8. ^1 2 Drury pp. 95, 98
9. ^1 Keyes & Middleton p.102
10. ^Drury p.430
11. ^Drury pp.172, 180
12. ^1 Drury pp.277, 230
13. ^1 Drury pp. 268, 278
14. ^Drury p.287
15. ^1 Drury pp.248–249, 254
16. ^Drury pp.342, 345
17. ^1 2 Drury pp.369, 372–373
18. ^1 Drury p.30
{{Refbegin}}- {{Drury-North American Steam}}
- {{cite book |title = Uncle Sam's Locomotives: The USRA and the Nation's Railroads |last = Huddleston |first=Eugene L. |year = 2002 |publisher = Indiana University Press |location = Bloomington, Indiana |isbn = 0-253-34086-1 }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Keyes |first1=Norman C, Jr |last2=Middleton |first2=Kenneth R |title=The Great Northern Railway Company: All-Time Locomotive Roster 1861–1970 |journal=Railroad History |issue=143 |date=Autumn 1980 |publisher=The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society, Inc. |location=Boston, MA |issn=0090-7847 }}
- {{cite book |title=Model Railroader Cyclopedia, Volume 1: Steam Locomotives |last=Westcott |first=Linn H. |year=1960 |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing Co. |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |isbn=0-89024-001-9}}
- {{cite journal| url=https://archive.org/stream/railwayage65newy#page/746/mode/1up| title=Clearance and Weight Diagrams for Standard Locomotives| journal=Railway Age| pages= 745–746| volume=65| issue=17| via=Archive.org| date=October 25, 1918}}{{open access}}
{{Refend}}{{USRA locomotives}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Usra Heavy Mikado}} 7 : ALCO locomotives|Baldwin locomotives|Lima locomotives|2-8-2 locomotives|USRA locomotives|Freight locomotives|Standard gauge locomotives of the United States |