| 词条 | Fort Nelson, Hampshire |
| 释义 |
| name = | native_name = | native_language = | image = Iron 64lb RML at Fort Nelson.JPG | caption = 64pdr R.M.L. on traversing carriage – part of the original armament of Fort Nelson. | type = Palmerston fort | locmapin = Hampshire | coordinates = {{coord|50.8610|-1.1389|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:GB_scale:2000}} | gbgridref = SU 60696 07203 | location = Boarhunt | area = Hampshire | built = 1860–1867 | architect = | architecture = | governing_body = | owner = Hampshire County Council | designation1 = Grade I | designation1_offname = Fort Nelson, Boarhunt | designation1_date = 22 Dec 1971 | designation1_number = 1350616 | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_date = | designation2_number = | designation3 = | designation3_offname = | designation3_date = | designation3_number = | designation4 = | designation4_offname = | designation4_date = | designation4_number = | designation5 = | designation5_offname = | designation5_date = | designation5_number = }} This article is about Fort Nelson near Fareham, England. For other places with a similar name, see Fort Nelson (disambiguation).Fort Nelson, in the civil parish of Boarhunt[1] in the English county of Hampshire, is one of five defensive forts built on the summit of Portsdown Hill in the 1860s, overlooking the important naval base of Portsmouth. It is now part of the Royal Armouries, housing their collection of artillery, and a Grade I Listed Building.[2] DescriptionFort Nelson is a typical Polygonal or Palmerston Fort. It is six-sided with a deep ditch protected by three caponiers. Above each caponier is a well-protected emplacement for 13-inch mortars. It was originally entered by two Guthrie rolling bridges and has a barrack block for 172 officers and men, protected by a V-shaped redan. A large open parade ground gives access to the magazines 40 feet underneath it. There are open emplacements on the ramparts for 64 pounder rifled muzzle-loading guns and RML 6.6-inch howitzers. There are also three Haxo casemates for 7 inch rifled breech-loaders. HistoryFort Nelson is one of five Portsdown Forts. Built as a result of the 1859 Royal Commission by Lord Palmerston to prevent a French land attack, on the Portsmouth dockyard only 8 kilometres away, because the older Hilsea Lines at the bottom of the ridge were considered insufficient. A series of 6 forts were built along the 7 miles (10 km) of the ridge. From west to east they are forts Fareham, Wallington, Nelson, Southwick, Widley and Purbrook. The line was finished off at the eastern end with Crookhorn Redoubt and Farlington Redoubt. A garrison of around 200 volunteers accompanied by regular army officers would have manned the fort in time of war. Construction was protracted and Fort Nelson wasn't fully armed until the 1890s.[3] The fort was disarmed in 1907 and then used for accommodation. In 1938, it was converted to an area anti-aircraft ammunition store; ten large magazines were built on the parade ground. Fort Nelson was abandoned in the 1950s. Royal ArmouriesIn 1979, after years of neglect and vandalism, it was sold to Hampshire County Council[4] for £50,000. The Council, with assistance of volunteers from the Palmerston Forts Society, restored it at a cost of £3-4million, and it opened to the public in 1994, becoming part of the Royal Armouries in 1995. It houses their collection of artillery, including:
The fort covers around {{convert|19|acre|m2}} and is open all year round, with no charges except for some special events. Live firing demonstrations are held every day, costumed guides, video presentations, and visitors are able to explore the tunnels that run below the fort connecting the magazines with gun emplacements. There are displays demonstrating the living and working conditions of the soldiers who manned the fort, and views over Portsmouth, the Solent, Hayling Island and Gosport, with the Isle of Wight beyond. {{wide image|Fort Nelson.jpg|900px|Part of the defences of Fort Nelson}}Sources
References1. ^Office for National Statistics 2. ^{{NHLE|num=1350616|desc=|accessdate=28 September 2015}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=Arming the Forts The Artillery of the Victorian Land Forts |last=Moore |first=David |year=1994 |publisher=The Palmerston Forts Society |isbn=0-9523634-0-2 |page=4}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Anon|title=Fort Nelson, Home of the big guns|publisher=Royal Armouries|page=5}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=Mallet's great mortars (Great Victorian guns-1) |last=Moore |first=David |author2=Salter, Geoffrey |year=1995 |publisher=Palmerston Forts Society |isbn=0-9523634-3-7 |pages=8–9}} External links{{Commons category|Royal Armouries at Fort Nelson}}
6 : Palmerston Forts|Museums sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport|Forts in Portsmouth|Grade I listed buildings in Hampshire|Military and war museums in England|Museums in Portsmouth |
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