| 词条 | Fort Western |
| 释义 |
| name = Fort Western | nrhp_type = nhl | image = Fort Western, Main Building, Bowman Street, Augusta (Kennebec County, Maine).jpg | caption = Fort Western in 1936 | location = Bowman Street, Augusta, Maine | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coord|44|18|59|N|69|46|16|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Maine#USA | area = less than one acre | built = 1754 | architect = Gershom Flagg | architecture = | designated_nrhp_type=November 7, 1973[1] | added = December 2, 1969[2] | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | refnum =69000009 | mpsub = | governing_body = Local }} Fort Western is a former British colonial outpost at the head of navigation on the Kennebec River at modern Augusta, Maine, United States. It was built in 1754 during the French and Indian War, and is now a National Historic Landmark and local historic site owned by the city. Its main building, the only original element of the fort to survive, was restored in 1920 and now depicts its original use as a trading post. French and Indian WarFort Western was built by a Boston land company (the Kennebec Proprietors) in 1754 as a fortified trading post, and to promote settlement in the area. The fort was a log palisade with blockhouses which protected a store and warehouse. It was never directly attacked. From a high elevation a large rectangular enclosure commanded the river for more than a mile. Blockhouses 24 feet square and watch-boxes 12 feet square guarded opposite corners, and within stood a two-story main house {{convert|100|x|32|ft|m}}. After the war ended, James Howard, its last commander, purchased the fort and operated the trading post.[3] American RevolutionAfter 1769, Fort Western fell into decay. In 1775, Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec stopped at Fort Western long enough to repair bateaux. Arnold, Daniel Morgan, Roger Enos, and Aaron Burr stayed as guests in the garrison while their force camped outside. Fort Western was the starting point for the march through the wilderness to Quebec. Old Fort WesternThe main building of the fort eventually passed out of the Howard family, and was converted into a tenement house. It was repurchased in Howard family descendants in 1919, and restored the following year, which included the construction of two new blockhouses and a stockade. The stockade was again rebuilt in 1960.[3] Today it is the oldest log fort in the United States, and its main building is a little-altered example of an 18th-century trading post. The fort and store are maintained as a museum and are open to the public during the summer months. The fort was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.[1][3] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=811&ResourceType=Building|title=Fort Western |accessdate=2008-05-14|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}} 2. ^{{NRISref|2007a}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|url={{NHLS url|id=69000009}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Fort Western|year=1972 |format=PDF |author=Charles Snell |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=2009-06-22|postscript=}} and {{NHLS url|id=69000009|title=Accompanying two photos, exterior, from 1971|photos=y}} {{small|(484 KB)}} External links
16 : Buildings and structures in Augusta, Maine|Colonial forts in Maine|National Historic Landmarks in Maine|Infrastructure completed in 1754|British forts in the United States|Museums in Kennebec County, Maine|Military and war museums in Maine|History museums in Maine|Living museums in Maine|Tourist attractions in Augusta, Maine|Log buildings and structures in the United States|Forts in Maine|Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine|1754 establishments in Massachusetts|National Register of Historic Places in Augusta, Maine|Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine |
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