| 词条 | Vaccinium corymbosum | |||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Northern highbush blueberry |image = Vaccinium corymbosum(01).jpg |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Ericales |familia = Ericaceae |genus = Vaccinium |species = V. corymbosum |binomial = Vaccinium corymbosum |binomial_authority = L. 1753 |synonyms_ref=[1] |synonyms=*Cyanococcus corymbosus (L.) Rydb.
}}Vaccinium corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry, is a North American species of blueberry which has become a food crop of significant economic importance. It is native to eastern Canada and the eastern and southern United States, from Ontario east to Nova Scotia and south as far as Florida and eastern Texas. It is also naturalized in other places: Europe, Japan, New Zealand, the Pacific Northwest of North America, etc.[2][3][4][5] Other common names include blue huckleberry, tall huckleberry, swamp huckleberry, high blueberry, and swamp blueberry.[6] DescriptionVaccinium corymbosum is a deciduous shrub growing to {{convert|6|-|12|ft|m}} tall and wide. It is often found in dense thickets. The dark glossy green leaves are elliptical and up to {{convert|2|in|cm|0}} long. In autumn, the leaves turn to a brilliant red, orange, yellow, and/or purple.[4][7]The flowers are long bell- or urn-shaped white to very light pink, {{convert|1/3|in|mm|adj=pre|of an}} long.[4][7] The fruit is a {{convert|1/4|to|1/2|in|mm|adj=on}} diameter blue-black berry.[4] This plant is found in wooded or open areas with moist acidic soils.[7][8] The species is tetraploid and does not self-pollinate.[9] Most cultivars have a chilling requirement greater than 800 hours. History{{further|Blueberry#Origins}}Many wild species of Vaccinium are thought to have been cultivated by Native Americans for thousands of years, with intentional crop burnings in northeastern areas being apparent from archeological evidence.[9] V. corymbosum, being one of the species likely used by these peoples, was later studied and domesticated in 1908 by Frederick Vernon Coville. UsesIn natural habitats it is a food source for native and migrating birds, bears, and small mammals. The berries were collected and used in Native American cuisine in areas where Vaccinium corymbosum grew as a native plant.[10] CultivationVaccinium corymbosum is the most common commercially grown blueberry in present-day North America. It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant for home and wildlife gardens and natural landscaping projects.[8][11] The pH must be very acidic (4.5 to 5.5).[4] CultivarsSome common cultivar varieties are listed here, grouped by approximate start of the harvest season:[12] The cultivars Duke[13] and Spartan[14] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Southern highbush blueberrySome named Southern highbush blueberry are hybridized forms derived from crosses between V. corymbosum and Vaccinium darrowii, a native of the Southeastern U.S. These hybrids and other cultivars of V. darrowii (Southern highbush blueberry) have been developed for cultivation in warm southern and western regions of North America.[15][16] GallerySee also
References1. ^The Plant List, Vaccinium corymbosum L. 2. ^Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map 3. ^[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=23573 Taxonomic account from Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) — for Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)] 4. ^1 2 3 4 Vaccinium corymbosum. accessed 3.23.2013 5. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = 2017-12-15}} 6. ^{{cite book | last1 = Gough | first1 = Robert Edward | title = The highbush blueberry and its management | publisher = Psychology Press | year = 1994 | pages = 3 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_wqfvwUy_oAC&dq | accessdate = 2011-04-29 | isbn = 978-1-56022-021-3}} 7. ^1 2 Flora of North America, Vaccinium corymbosum Linnaeus, 1753. High-bush blueberry, bleuet en corymbe 8. ^1 Missouri Botanical Garden: Kemper Center for Home Gardening — Vaccinium corymbosum . accessed 3.23.2013 9. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Retamales|first1=Jorge B.|last2=Hancock|first2=James F.|title=Blueberries: Volume 21 of Crop production science in horticulture|date=2012|publisher=Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI)|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=9781845938260|pages=2 & 39–42|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22aW1z1klDMC&}} 10. ^University of Michigan at Dearborn — Native American Ethnobotany of Vaccinium corymbosum . accessed 9.9.2015 11. ^Hort.uconn.edu: Vaccinium corymbosum; Landscape use section {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327072752/http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/v/vaccor/vaccor1.html |date=2013-03-27 }} . accessed 3.23.2013 12. ^Hort.uconn.edu: Vaccinium corymbosum; Cultivars/varieties section {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327072752/http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/v/vaccor/vaccor1.html |date=2013-03-27 }} . accessed 3.23.2013 13. ^{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - Vaccinium corymbosum 'Duke'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=4697|accessdate=16 July 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - Vaccinium corymbosum 'Spartan'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=4698|accessdate=16 July 2013}} 15. ^eXtension: Southern Highbush Blueberry Varieties 16. ^Four Winds Growers: Care of southern highbush blueberries External links
12 : Vaccinium|Blueberries|Fruits originating in North America|Crops originating from North America|Flora of Eastern Canada|Flora of the Eastern United States|Flora of the Appalachian Mountains|Plants described in 1753|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Bird food plants|Plants used in Native American cuisine|Garden plants of North America |
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