| 词条 | Viktor Chernov |
| 释义 |
|name = Viktor Chernov |image = Chernov.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = Viktor Chernov |office = Chairman of the Russian Constituent Assembly | term_start = November 25, 1917 | term_end = January 19, 1918 |birth_name = Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov |birth_date = {{birth date|1873|12|7|mf=y}} |birth_place = Novouzensk, Russian Empire |death_date = {{death date and age|1952|4|15|1873|12|7}} |death_place = New York, United States |death_cause = |resting_place = |party = Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks) (1898–1912) Socialist Revolutionary Party (1912–1940) |occupation = Revolutionary, political activist, minister, writer |signature = }} Víktor Mikháilovich Chernóv ({{lang-ru|Ви́ктор Миха́йлович Черно́в}}; December 7, 1873 – April 15, 1952) was a Russian revolutionary and one of the founders of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. He was the primary party theoretician or the 'brain' of the party, and was more analyst than political leader. Following the February Revolution of 1917, Chernov was Minister for Agriculture in the Russian Provisional Government. Later on, he was Chairman of the Russian Constituent Assembly. BiographyEarly yearsViktor Chernov was born in Novouzensk, a town southeast of Saratov in Samara guberniya. He was the son of a former serf peasant who had risen to become a low-level functionary in the local civil service.[1] Chernov attended gymnasium in Saratov, a hotbed of radicalism, where he joined a populist discussion circle in which he studied the works of Nikolay Dobrolyubov and Nikolay Mikhaylovsky. His radical proclivities attracted the attention of the local police and Chernov transferred to school in Iurev for his final year of study.[1] Chernov enrolled in the Law department of Moscow University, where he once again joined a radical discussion circle, defending populist views against Marxists.[1] He was arrested for his political activities in the spring of 1894 and spent 9 months in Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.[1] Following his incarceration, Chernov was sentenced to a period of administrative exile in central Russia.[1] Political careerBy the end of the 1880s, he was involved in revolutionary activity. He attended the law faculty of Moscow University and in the early 1890s joined the Narodniks; in 1894, he joined Mark Natanson's "People's Right" (Narodnoe pravo) group, an attempt to unite all the socialist movements in Russia, and with other members was arrested, jailed, and exiled. After spending some time organizing the peasants around Tambov, he went abroad to Zurich in 1899. He joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party upon its founding in 1901 and became the editor of its newspaper Revolutionary Russia. He returned to Russia after the Revolution of 1905; after boycotting the elections for the First Duma, he won election to the Second Duma and became a leader of the SR faction. In 1907, he published Philosophical and Sociological Studies in which he espoused the viewpoint of Richard Avenarius. As such, he was one of the Russian Machists criticised by Lenin in Materialism and Empirio-criticism (1909).[2] Under Alexander Kerensky's provisional government in 1917, Chernov was the Minister for Agriculture. He was also Chairman of the Russian Constituent Assembly, which was dissolved by the Bolsheviks shortly after it began meeting in January 1918. He became a member of an anti-Bolshevik government leading the more moderate Social Revolutionaries in Samara, before fleeing to Europe and then the United States. Chernov died in New York City in 1952. See also
Sources
Footnotes1. ^1 2 3 4 Maureen Perrie, "Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov," in George Jackson with Robert Devlin (eds.), Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989; pp. 116-119. 2. ^{{cite book|last=Lenin|first=Vladimir|title=Materialism and Empirio-Criticism|year=1909|publisher=Zveno Publishers|location=Moscow|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/index.htm#intro}} External links
11 : 1873 births|1952 deaths|Ministers of the Russian Provisional Government|Socialist-Revolutionary Party members|People of the Russian Revolution|Russian Constituent Assembly members|Russian anti-communists|White Russian emigrants to the United States|American people of Russian descent|Members of the Executive of the Labour and Socialist International|Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。