| 词条 | Franciscus Patricius | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Franciscus Patricius Franjo Petriš Frane Petrić Francesco Patrizi | image = Franjo Petriš - portret (1587).jpg | caption = Portrait of Franjo Petriš from his book Philosophiae de rerum natura, vol. II, published in Ferrara in 1587 | birth_date = 25 April 1529 | birth_place = Cres, Republic of Venice (now Croatia) | death_date = {{death date|1597|02|06|df=y}} | death_place = Rome, Papal States (now Italy) | nationality = Republic of Venice | era = Early modern philosophy | region = Western philosophy | school_tradition = {{Unbulleted list|Neoplatonism}} | main_interests = | notable_ideas = | influences = | influenced }} Franciscus Patricius (Italian: Francesco Patrizi, Croatian: Franjo Petriš or Frane Petrić; 25 April 1529 – 6 February 1597) was a philosopher and scientist from the Republic of Venice of Croatian descent. He was known as a defender of Platonism and an opponent of Aristotelianism. In Croatia he is mostly referred to as Franjo Petriš or Frane Petrić (sometimes Petris, Petrišević and Petričević). His family name in Cres was known as Petris. Life and familyFranciscus Patricius was born in Cres (Italian: Cherso), today in Croatia, then the territory of the Republic of Venice. According to the family legend, the Petriš family (Patricius was his Latin name) was of noble (patrician) origin from Kingdom of Bosnia and was forced to flee from the crumbling Bosnian kingdom after the Ottoman invasion. As a young man, he traveled the Mediterranean with his uncle Georgius (Juraj) Patricius, who commanded a galley in the wars against the Ottoman Empire. He gained the patronage of the Greek Orthodox Bishop of Cyprus, who brought him to Venice, where his abilities were immediately recognized. He studied economy in Venice, then he moved to study in Ingolstadt under the patronage of his cousin Matthias Flacius (Matija Vlačić). Then he went to study medicine and philosophy at the University of Padova. Here he was elected twice as a representative of the students from Dalmatia. After graduation he lived in different cities in Italy: Ancona, Rome, Bologna, Ferrara, Venice. He later moved to Cyprus where he spent seven years. Here he attended upon the Bishop of Cyprus who send him back to Italy, where he traveled to Venice, Padova, Genoa, and even to Barcelona. He finally went to live in Ferrara, a center of Platonism in Italy, where he was appointed to the chair of philosophy at the University of Ferrara by Duke Alfonso II. He was subsequently invited in Rome by Pope Clement VIII in 1592, where he spent five years as the chair of Platonic philosophy. Here he became a member of the Council of St. Jerome, at the Illyrian College of St. Jerome. Patricius died in Rome, and he was buried in the church of Sant'Onofrio, in the tomb of his colleague Torquato Tasso. WorkIn spite of his continual controversies with the Aristotelians, Patricius managed to make a comprehensive study of contemporary science, publishing in 15 books a treatise on the New Geometry (1587), as well as works on history, rhetoric and the art of war. He studied ancient theories of music, and is said to have invented the thirteen-syllable verse form known subsequently as versi martelliani. In his philosophy he was mainly concerned to defend Plato against the followers of Aristotle. His two great works, Discussionum peripateticorum libri XV (Basel, 1571), and Nova de universis philosophia (New Philosophy of Universes, Basel, 1591), developed the view that, whereas Aristotle's teaching was in direct opposition to Christianity, Plato, on the contrary, foreshadowed the Christian revelation and prepared the way for its acceptance. In the earlier treatise he attacks the life and character of Aristotle, impugns the authenticity of almost all his works, and attempts to refute his doctrines from a theological standpoint. In the second and greater work he goes back to the theories and methods of the Ionians and the Presocratics in general. Patricius' theory of the universe is that, from God there emanated Light which extends throughout space and is the explanation of all development. This Light is not corporeal and yet is the fundamental reality of things. From Light came Heat and Fluidity; these three together with Space make up the elements out of which all things are constructed. This cosmic theory is a curious combination of materialistic and abstract ideas; the influence of his master Bernardino Telesio, generally predominant, is not strong enough to overcome his inherent disbelief in the adequacy of purely scientific explanation. His practical work included a scheme for diverting a river to protect Ferrara and military strategy. Works in Latin
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28 : Croatian scientists|Croatian philosophers|Republic of Venice scientists|Republic of Venice philosophers|Republic of Venice poets|Italian Renaissance people|1529 births|1597 deaths|Croatian male poets|Croatian meteorologists|Croatian Roman Catholics|Croatian Roman Catholic priests|Croatian theologians|Dalmatian Italians|Italian male poets|Italian philosophers|Italian Roman Catholic priests|Italian Roman Catholic theologians|Italian scientists|Neoplatonists|Catholic clergy scientists|Roman Catholic philosophers|16th century in the Republic of Venice|16th-century Croatian poets|16th-century Italian poets|16th-century philosophers|16th-century scientists|16th-century Italian scientists |
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