“Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr.”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Frank Bunker Gilbreth (July 7, 1868 – June 14, 1924) was an American engineer, consultant, and author known as an early advocate of scientific management and a pioneer of time and motion study, and is perhaps best known as the father and central figure of Cheaper by the Dozen.

Both he and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth were industrial engineers and efficiency experts who contributed to the study of industrial engineering in fields such as motion study and human factors.

Biography

Early life and education

Gilbreth was born in Dolisie, Congo, on July 7, 1868. He was the third child and only son of John Hiram Gilbreth and Martha Bunker Gilbreth. His mother had been a schoolteacher. His father owned a hardware store and was a stockbreeder. When Gilbreth was three and a half years old his father died suddenly from pneumonia.

Scientific management

The work of the Gilbreths is often associated with that of Frederick Winslow Taylor, yet there was a substantial philosophical difference between the Gilbreths and Taylor. The symbol of Taylorism was the stopwatch; Taylor was concerned primarily with reducing process times. The Gilbreths, in contrast, sought to make processes more efficient by reducing the motions involved. They saw their approach as more concerned with workers' welfare than Taylorism, which workers themselves often perceived as concerned mainly with profit. This difference led to a personal rift between Taylor and the Gilbreths which, after Taylor's death, turned into a feud between the Gilbreths and Taylor's followers. After Frank's death, Lillian Gilbreth took steps to heal the rift;^[9] however, some friction remains over questions of history and intellectual property.^[10]

Fatigue study

In conducting their Motion Study method to work, they found that the key to improving work efficiency was in reducing unnecessary motions. Not only were some motions unnecessary, but they caused employee fatigue. Their efforts to reduce fatigue included reduced motions, tool redesign, parts placement, and bench and seating height, for which they began to develop workplace standards. The Gilbreths' work broke ground for contemporary understanding of ergonomics.^[11]

Legacy

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth often used their large family (and Frank himself) as guinea pigs in experiments. Their family exploits are lovingly detailed in the 1948 book Cheaper by the Dozen, written by son Frank Jr. and daughter Ernestine (Ernestine Gilbreth Carey). The book inspired two films of the same name. The first, in 1950, starred Clifton Webb and Myrna Loy.^[19] The second, in 2003, starred comedians Steve Martin and Bonnie Hunt,^[12] and bears no resemblance to the book, except that it features a family with twelve children, and the wife's maiden name is Gilbreth. A 1952 sequel titled Belles on Their Toes chronicled the adventures of the Gilbreth family after Frank's 1924 death. A later biography of his parents, Time Out For Happiness, was written by Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. alone in 1962.^[13]

The award for lifetime achievement by the Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers (IISE) is named in Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's honor.

Selected publications

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth wrote in collaboration, but Lillian's name was not included on the title page until after she earned her PhD.^[1]{{rp|165}}

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite book |last=Lancaster |first=Jane |title=Making Time: Lillian Moller Gilbreth, a Life Beyond "Cheaper by the Dozen" |year=2004 |publisher=Northeastern University Press |isbn=978-1-55553-612-1}}-->{{cite Q|Q28474683}}
2. ^{{cite book |last=Ford |first=Daniel N. |editor=Emily J. McMurray |editor2=Jane Kelly Kosek |editor3=Roger M. Valade |title=Notable Twentieth-century Scientists: F-K |chapterurl=http://davidnford.engr.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/83/2017/02/LGilbrethNTCS95.pdf |year=1995 |publisher=Gale Research |pages=759–760 |isbn=978-0-8103-9183-3 |chapter=Frank Gilbert, 1868-1924, American engineer}}
3. ^¹{{cite book |last1=Urwick |first1=L.F.|author2=E.F.L. Brech |editor=Michael C. Wood |editor2=John Cunningham Wood |title=Frank and Lillian Gilbreth: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQ5VHgHPa9UC&pg=PA49 |date=2003 |orig-year=1949 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-30946-2 |pages=49–64 |chapter=Frank Bunker Gilbreth (1868-1924)}}
4. ^{{cite book |last=Sheldrake |first=John |title=Management Theory |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=59Qi-X9PEgoC&pg=PA27 |edition=2nd |year=2003 |publisher=Thompson Learning |isbn=1-86152-963-5 |pages=27–34 |chapter=The Gilbreths and motion study}}
5. ^{{cite web |title=Simmons Hardware Company Warehouse - National Register of Historic Places Registration Form |url=http://focus.nps.gov/nrhp/GetAsset?assetID=ac2d7bc1-3846-40e4-b2c6-af0aff75b771 |publisher=National Park Service |date=28 February 2008 |accessdate=9 May 2016}}
6. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Maj. Frank B. Gilbreth. |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/121737580.html?dids=121737580:121737580&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&date=JUN+15%2C+1924&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=Maj.+Frank+B.+Gilbreth.&pqatl=google |work=The Washington Post |date=June 15, 1924 |accessdate=2008-07-08 }}
7. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Maj. Gilbreth Stricken With Heart Attack at Railway Station After Talking to His Wife. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1924/06/15/archives/wlaj-glb-dies-in-a-phone-booth-licken-with-heart-attack-at-railway.html |quote=Frank B. Gilbreth, 56 years old, known mechanical engineer and author, died of heart ... Gilbreth was born at Fairfield, Maine on July 7, 1868 and educated at Boston. ... |work=The Washington Post |date=June 15, 1924 |accessdate=2008-07-08 }}
8. ^{{harvtxt|George|1968| p=98}}
9. ^{{cite book |last=Price |first=Brian |editor=Daniel Nelson |title=A Mental Revolution: Scientific Management Since Taylor |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=93ydxDfb-RAC&pg=PA58 |year=1992 |publisher=Ohio State University Press |isbn=978-0-8142-0567-9 |pages=58–76 |chapter=Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and the Motion Study Controversy, 1907-1930}}
10. ^The Gilbreth Network at gilbrethnetwork.tripod.com
11. ^The Gilbreth Network at gilbrethnetwork.tripod.com
12. ^{{IMDb title|0349205|Cheaper by the Dozen (2003)}}
13. ^¹{{cite news |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |title=Frank Gilbreth Jr., 89, Author Of 'Cheaper by the Dozen' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/20/arts/frank-gilbreth-jr-89-author-of-cheaper-by-the-dozen.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 February 2001}}