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词条 Warden of the Mint
释义

  1. Wardens of the Mint

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. Bibliography

  5. External links

Warden of the Mint was a high-ranking position at the Royal Mint in England from 1216–1829. The warden was responsible for a variety of minting procedures and acted as the immediate representative of the current monarch inside the mint. The role of warden changed greatly through history with the original task being the receiving, assay and payment for bullion,{{sfn|Craig|1953}} while later evolving into more of an administerial role.

The office received a yearly emolument of £500 and up until 1685 wardens were given tenure meaning many wardens died while in office.[1] Although technically subordinate to the Master of the Mint whose jobs was act as a contractor to the crown many wardens advanced later on to become Master of the Mint with some wardens holding both offices at the same time.

The most illustrious holder of the office of Warden of the Mint was Isaac Newton, who was warranted to this position on the recommendation of his friend, Montagu, Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1698. In 1699 however, Newton undertook the office of Master of the Mint, which was far more lucrative, as well as potentially more technically challenging. After the death of the final warden Sir Walter James, 1st Baronet in 1829 the office was abolished having existed for 613 years.

Wardens of the Mint

{{Expand list|date=May 2017}}
TenureNotes
1193Henry de Cornhill[1]
1197Odo Parvus and others[1]
1202Hugh Oisel[1]
1203Wido de Vou[1]
1204Hugh Oisel[1]
1208Nigel Ruffus and Odo Varvus[1]
1216–1222Hubert de BergRuding|1840|p=26-29}}
1222Hger[1]
1224Alexander[1]
1229Riehard ReingerLondon and Canterbury[1]
1243Otto Fitz William[1]
1245William HardelLondon and Canterbury[1]
1247Walter de Flemeng[1]
1248William Hardel

Walter de More

London and Canterbury[1]
1251J. Silvestre[1]
1252J. de Somercote[1]
1258William the King's GoldsmithLondon and Canterbury[1]
1266B. de Castell and Richard de Geoffrey[1]
1270–1279Bartholomew de CastelloRuding|1840|p=26-29}}
1279–1292Gregory de RokesleyShared Role[1]
1279–1281Orlando di Poggio[1]
1292–1296William of WymondhamCraig|1953}}
1297–1298Peter of LeicesterCraig|1953}}
1298–1305John SandaleCraig|1953}}
c1319Augustine le WaleysRuding|1840|p=26-29}}
1331Richard de Snowshill
c1337John de WyndsoreRuding|1840|p=26-29}}
1343George Kirkyn, Lotte NicholynCraig|1953}}
1334William of WakefieldCraig|1953}}
1334John of FleetChallis|1992|p= 155}}
1346George Kirkyn, Lotte NicholynCraig|1953}}
1349John Donati de Castello, Philip John de Neri, Benedict Isbari(killed 1381)Craig|1953}}
1375–1376Richard LyonsExecuted on 14 June 1381 during the Peasants' RevoltSharpe|2016|p= 60}}
1376–1377Thomas HerveyCraig|1953}}
1377–1388John GurtmonchesterCraig|1953}}
1389–1392Guy RocliffeCraig|1953}}
1392–1399Andrew NewportCraig|1953}}
1399–1403Robert HeathcoteCraig|1953}}
1408–1411David de Nigarellis of LuccaClark|2014|p=185}}
1411–1439Henry SomerCraig|1953}}
1439–1446John SomersetClark|2014}}
1446–1449John LematonChallis|1992|p=176}}
1449–1468Thomas MontgomeryCraig|1953}}
1468–1470John WodeCraig|1953}}
1470–1471John LangstrotherJoint Wardens both

executed Tewkesbury 1471

Craig|1953}}
1471-1471Sir John Delves
1471John Wode(re-instated)Challis|1992|p=181}}
1534–1536Sir Thomas PopeCraig|1953}}
1536–1544John BrowneCraig|1953}}
1560–1595Sir Richard Martin Acted as Master of the Mint from 1581-1617[2]
1599–1609Thomas Knyvet, 1st Baron KnyvetChallis|1989|p=168}}
1609–1621Thomas Knyvet, 1st Baron Knyvet and Edmund DoubledayChallis|1989|p=168}}
1621Henry Tweedy[1]
1623Sir Edward Villiers Sir William Parkhurstdied 1626[1]
1629–1642Sir William Parkhurst and Sir Anthony St Leger[1]
1642–1645Holland(appointed by Parliament)[1]
1645John St John(appointed by Parliament)[1]
1660–1666Sir William Parkhurst[1]
1660–1680Sir Anthony St Legerdied 1680[1]
1681Sir Thomas Wharton (died 1684) and son Philip Wharton[1]
1685–1686Sir Philip Lloyd[1]
1686–1690Owen Wynne[1]
1690Benjamin Overton[1]
1696–1699Sir Isaac NewtonPromoted to Master of the Mint in 1699[3]
1700Sir John Stanley, 1st Baronet[1]
1708–1714Craven PeytonAppointed in April 1708 and removed from office in December 1714[4]
1714Sir Richard Sandford, 3rd Baronet[1]
1718William Thompson[1]
1725Walter Cary[1]
1727Sir Andrew FountaineCraig|p=206}}
1754Richard Herbert (died 1754)[1]
1754John Jeffreys[1]
1766William Whitmore[1]
1771Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet[5]
1796–1829Sir Walter James, 1st Baronet (Last Warden, died 1829)[5][5]
1829Office abolished

See also

  • Münzwardein
  • Master of the Mint

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{Cite book|title=Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Its Dependencies|last=Ruding|first=Rogers|publisher=|year=1840|isbn=|location=London|pages=26}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Sir Richard Martin: Treatise on the Reorganisation of the Mint|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/564a7831-4a19-3a18-b430-8c7b8d7551a7|publisher=Cambridge University Library|accessdate=13 April 2017}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.royalmint.com/olympic-games/explore-your-coin/isaac-newton|title=The Life of Isaac Newton|last=|first=|date=|website=Royal Mint|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2 April 2017}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/peyton-craven-1663-1738|title=PEYTON, Craven (c.1663-1738), of Stratton Street, Westminster|last=|first=|date=|website=historyofparliamentonline.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=3 April 2017}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 {{cite web|title=Wardens of the Mint 1572-1869|url=https://www.history.ac.uk/publications/office/mint-wardens|website=history.ac.uk|publisher=Institute of Historical Research|accessdate=13 April 2017}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin|30em}}
  • {{cite book|last=Challis|first=C.E|title=Mint Officials and Moneyers of the Stuart Period|publisher=British Numismatic Society|url=http://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1989_BNJ_59_11.pdf |year=1989|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=595P_5IfT-gC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=true|title=The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948|last=Craig|first=John|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1953|place=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521170772}}
  • {{cite book|title=Annals of the coinage of Great Britain and its dependencies|last=Ruding|first=Rogers|pages=26–29|authorlink=Rogers Ruding|url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsofcoinageo01rudiuoft#page/n57/mode/2up|year=1840}}
  • {{cite book|title=A New History of the Royal Mint|last=Challis|first=C.E|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992|place=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521240260

}}
  • {{Cite book|title=A Fiery & Furious People: A History of Violence in England|last=Sharpe|first=James|publisher=Random House Books|year=2016|isbn=978-1847945136|location=|pages=60}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Fifteenth Century XIII: Exploring the Evidence: Commemoration, Administration and the Economy |last=Clark|first=Linda|publisher=Boydell Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1843839446}}
{{refend}}

External links

  • Galileo Project Biography of Newton
  • Royal Mint Biography of Newton
  • [https://www.history.ac.uk/publications/office/mint-wardens Institute of Historical Research – Wardens of the Mint]
{{Mints in the United Kingdom}}{{English Monarchy Household}}

3 : HM Treasury|Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom|Production of coins
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