| 词条 | Water crane |
| 释义 |
A water crane is a device used for delivering a large volume of water into the tank or tender of a steam locomotive.[1][2][3] The device is sometimes also called a water column in the United States.[4] As a steam locomotive consumes large quantities of water, water cranes were a vital part of railway station equipment, often situated at the end of a platform, so that water could be refilled during a stop at the station. OverviewGenerally, water cranes consist of an upright steel pipe about {{convert|8|to|12|in|m}} in diameter with a horizontal, pivoting pipe connected to its upper end so as to form a swinging arm.[5] The swinging arm is usually designed to rest parallel to the rails when not in use.[5] Water cranes may be able to deliver up to {{convert|10|m3|USgal| abbr=none|spell=in}} of water per minute. Water supplyIn hilly country, natural streams can be dammed and water fed by gravity to the water crane.[6] In flatter country this arrangement is not always possible, so water may be supplied by a tank next to the crane. Water tanks may vary in volume from {{convert|190|kL|USgal}} to greater than {{convert|757|kL|USgal}}.[5] In some cases a well may be used to supply the water to the tank.[7] Depending on the quality of the water under supply, it may need to be treated chemically to eliminate hardness which induces scale buildup on the inside of the locomotive boiler.[8] The scale which builds up on heat transfer surfaces forms a layer of insulation between the metal and the boiler water.[9] This causes metal to overheat or corrode and eventually fail. {{clear}}See also{{commons category|Water cranes}}
References1. ^{{cite patent|country=US|number=709376|title=Stand-pipe for railway uses|invent1=John W. Thomas, Jr.|status=patent|gdate=1902-09-16}} {{Rail tracks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Water Crane}}2. ^{{cite patent|country=US|number=847494|title=Railway stand-pipe|invent1=James F. Murphy|status=patent|gdate=1907-03-19}} 3. ^{{cite patent|country=US|number=958504|title=Stand-pipe for railway water-supply|invent1=Patrick Henry Knight|status=patent|gdate=1910-05-17}} 4. ^Railway and Locomotive Historical Society, Marietta, GA (2008). "The Railroad Station Water Column." Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 4 - Vol. 29, No 1. p.6. 5. ^{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Walter Loring|title=Railroad Construction, Theory and Practice|year=1917|pages=376–377|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc|location=New York, New York|edition=6th}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Cleemann|first=Thomas M.|title=The Railroad Engineer's Practice|year=1880|publisher=George H. Frost, Publisher|location=New York, New York|pages=71–73|oclc=70728043}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Guppy|first=B. W.|title=A Technical Description of the British Light Railways in France|journal=Professional Memoirs of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, and the Engineer Department at Large|date=January–December 1919|volume=11|pages=185–216}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Tratman|first=Edward Ernest Russell|title=Railway Track and Track Work|year=1901|publisher=Engineering News Publishing Company|location=New York, New York|edition=2nd|chapter=Chapter 11. Water and Coaling Stations and Other Track Accessories|oclc=2030207}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last=Wrinn|first=Jim|authorlink=Jim Wrinn|title=What's in the water?|journal=Trains|date=January 2012|page=64|publisher=Kalmbach Publishing Company|location=Waukesha, Wisconsin|issn=0041-0934|oclc=1642109}} 2 : Railway buildings and structures|Steam locomotive technologies |
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