| 词条 | Free-to-view |
| 释义 |
Free-to-view (FTV) is a term used for audio and/or video transmissions that are provided free-of-charge without any form of continual subscription but are nevertheless encrypted.[1] It differs from free-to-air (FTA) where content is not encrypted. Free-to-view vs. free-to-airThe free-to-view system contrasts with free-to-air (FTA), in which signals are transmitted in the clear, without encryption, and can be received by anyone with a suitable receiving dish antenna and DVB-compliant receiver (although these services can include proprietary encrypted data services such as an EPG that is only available to reception equipment made for, or authorised by, the FTA broadcaster). Free-to-view services are broadcast encrypted and can only be viewed with reception equipment that includes a suitable conditional-access module and viewing card, in the same way as a pay-TV satellite service. However, the FTV service viewing card is not subject to a continuing subscription payment for viewing the service's channels and may be available for a regular fee, a one-off payment or even for free.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} Services which charge a regular fee for reception can still be considered free-to-view, and not pay-TV if the fee is not for the programming content but for the delivery. {{Disputed inline|date=January 2015}} For example, the HD+ service in Germany, which broadcasts HD versions of channels which are also available free-to-air in standard definition, defended its service fee saying it "is related to the reception of the offer and not to specific content, parts or packages of the offer".[2] Commercial restrictions and targetingThe free-to-view system allows for restricting access based on location of the viewer. For example, in the UK prior to the launch of Astra 2D, UK channels broadcasting from the Astra 28.2°E satellites used a wide beam and could be received across Europe on small dishes. Those channels which were non-subscription but aimed at the UK only, or restricted from broadcasting outside the UK by way of programme rights (such as Channel 5) or governance (such as the BBC channels), were broadcast encrypted using Videoguard (as used by Sky (UK) for its pay-TV services) with viewing cards made available to UK residents only.[3] The launch of Astra 2D with a broadcast beam narrowly aimed at the UK and Ireland only enabled UK channels to switch from broadcasting free-to-view to free-to-air, while maintaining their UK exclusivity. The decline of UK free-to-view in favour of narrow-beamed free-to-air has been gradual:
The remaining channel aimed exclusively at the UK that use the Astra satellites at 28.2°E with a Europe-wide beam and remain free-to-view and encrypted is Sony Entertainment Television and they can be viewed with a Sky Videoguard receiver and a Sky viewing card, either an inactive former Sky pay-TV card or one for the Freesat from Sky package, bought for a one-off fee.[4] Free-to-view Networks{{unreferenced section|date=December 2014}}
A proprietary digital terrestrial set-top box (also known as the Mahiwagang Black Box) which offers free-to-air legacy Philippine TV networks' channels and additional free-to-view channels from the ABS-CBN Corporation. The free-to-view channels include Cinemo!, Yey, DZMM Teleradyo, and the Knowledge Channel. The one-off cost for the box is ₱1,499 (approximately US$28) and viewers will need to insert the sim card provided with the box into their mobile phone to activate or decrypt the free-to-view channels.[5] These channels are free-to-view in the sense that although they are not subject to a recurring subscription, they cannot be accessed on generic or non-proprietary ISDB-T receiving devices.
A UK satellite service from Sky (UK) offering 240 free-to-air and free-to-view TV channels and the Sky EPG, with a one-off payment for a Sky receiver, dish, installation and viewing card.
A package of 21 high definition digital satellite TV channels for German-speaking viewers and a subsidiary company of satellite owner SES, with a monthly or annual fee for the viewing card.
Australian satellite television platform providing digital TV and radio services to remote and rural areas, and terrestrial black spots. VAST is partly funded by the Australian Government and requires a certified set-top box and viewing card.
A package of mostly HD channels broadcast to residents of France who cannot receive the digital terrestrial TV channels. Can be received all over Europe on Eutelsat 5WA, historical position for French free TV. Viewing card does not expire.
Italian package of 68 free-to-air and free-to-view satellite channels for viewers unable to receive them on national terrestrial TV networks. Requires a Nagravision receiver and viewing card.
Same as Fransat, TNTSAT broadcasts the all-HD channels from French free digital terrestrial television. TNTSAT is issued by Canal + group on its main position, Astra 1. Viewing card has to be renewed every 4 years. TNTSAT compatible equipment is also compatible with CANALSAT pay TV.
Russian satellite TV service partly operating within the free-to-view model. See also
References1. ^"A-Z Of Satellite TV: F" What Satellite & Digital TV October 2012 pp37 2. ^Briel, Robert Kayser'>rebuffs critics of HD+ platform Broadband TV News 10 September 2009. Accessed 30 November 2014 3. ^Bains, Geoff. "Flight of the Big Birds" What Satellite & Digital TV February 2012 pp29 4. ^List of Freesat from Sky channels Accessed 30 November 2014 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://tvplus.abs-cbn.com/|title=Magbabago na ang tingin mo sa TV mo!|last=Corporation|first=ABS-CBN|website=ABS-CBN TVplus|access-date=2019-03-17}} External links 1 : Television terminology |
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