| 词条 | A. E. Wilder-Smith |
| 释义 |
| name = A. E. Wilder-Smith | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Arthur Ernest Wilder-Smith | birth_date = 22 December 1915 | birth_place = Reading, Berkshire, England | death_date = {{death date and age|1995|9|14|1915|12|22|df=yes}} | death_place = Bern, Switzerland | residence = | nationality = British | known_for = | television = | education = | employer = | organization = | notable_works = | occupation = | spouse = | children = | parents = | relations = | awards = | website = }}Arthur Ernest Wilder-Smith, FRSC (22 December 1915 – 14 September 1995), more commonly known as A. E. Wilder-Smith, was a British organic chemist,[1] and young Earth creationist.[2][3] BiographyWilder-Smith earned three doctorates; his first PhD in 1941 in Physical Organic Chemistry from Reading University, England, his second in 1964 in Pharmacology from the University of Geneva, and his third from Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich. As a chemist, Wilder-Smith joined Imperial Chemical Industries during World War II. Following the war, the University of London made him the Countess of Lisburne Memorial Fellow. Dr. Wilder-Smith accepted an appointment as Director of Research for a Swiss pharmaceutical company. While in Switzerland, the Medical School of the University of Geneva elected him to teach Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, for which he received habilitation, the qualification required for professional appointments to European continental universities.[4] In 1957-1958 Wilder-Smith accepted the position of Visiting Assistant Professor at the Medical Center of the University of Illinois. In 1959-1961 he was Visiting Full Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Bergen Medical School in Norway. He returned to the University of Geneva for two years then received an appointment as Full Professor of Pharmacology back at the University of Illinois Medical Center in 1963.[5][6] As a lecturer, he won three 'Golden Apple' Awards in consecutive years for excellence in education and four awards for best series of senior year lectures. Dr. Wilder-Smith was Professor of Pharmacology for two years at Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey. He served as a NATO consultant for the prevention and treatment of drug abuse.[4] Family life and religious viewsIn 1949, A. E. Wilder-Smith married Beate (17 September 1928 – 15 January 2015), daughter of Rev. Wilhelm Gottwaldt, of Breslau, Germany.[7][8][9] She accompanied him through twenty-three moves of their home and rearing of their four children, Oliver, Petra, Clive, and Einar. Each of their children are also professors in their respective medical fields at international universities.[10] Arthur Wilder-Smith began his education as an atheist. His wife, Beate Wilder-Smith, wrote that Arthur had concluded, "If a loving God really existed, He surely would not have tolerated all the injustice and suffering evident in the world." He became acquainted with General Frost, a devout Christian who challenged Arthur's atheistic worldview. Arthur placed his faith in Christ but continued to struggle intellectually with the difficulties between naturalistic evolution and biblical creation. While studying at Oxford, Arthur became acquainted with C. S. Lewis, a significant influence on Arthur's thought processes and faith.[11] As a creationist, Dr. Wilder-Smith said there were problems with evolutionary views of the origin of life. This theme is reflected in many of his books including, The Creation of Life and Man's Origin, Man's Destiny. According to Walter L. Bradley, Dr. Wilder-Smith contended "that the conversion of energy flow into information remains, at present, undemonstrated and without theoretical basis."[12] Some considered him Europe's leading creationist.[13] He was not afraid to correct creationists when he believed they were wrong as when he made the comment to Francis Arduini in 1984 that Morris "didn't know a thing about thermodynamics".[14] In 1966 he published the book Herkunft und Zukunft des Menschen[15] which promoted Burdick's and other's claims that dinosaur and human footprints existed together at Paluxy River. Wilder-Smith included in his book[16] plates showing the Paluxy site including plates attributed to himself, Burdick and Taylor. With the exception of plate 6 from Burdick all plates claiming to be man tracks were in situ. In the mid-1980s the footprints were shown to be not of human origin, and some specimens were shown to be doctored or carved, in particular the loose blocks attributed to Burdick.[17][18] In 1970, Dr. Wilder-Smith published The Creation of Life: A Cybernetic Approach to Evolution which defended William Paley's design argument with computer calculations of the improbability of genetic sequences, which he said could not be explained by evolution but required "the abhorred necessity of divine intelligent activity behind nature," and that "the same problem would be expected to beset the relationship between the designer behind nature and the intelligently designed part of nature known as man." His research and writing were influential in the formation of the intelligent design movement.[19] In 2005, intelligent design advocate William A. Dembski wrote that Wilder-Smith's "intuitive ideas about information has been the impetus for much of my research."[20] Wilder-Smith had never used the phrase "intelligent design" itself. The closest phrasing may be found in his 1968 publication Man’s origin, man’s destiny: a critical survey of the principles of evolution and Christianity, which with its argument that the mammary glands in whales could not have arisen by chance mutations. Wilder-Smith wrote that (emphasis added) "To deny planning when studying such a system is to strain credulity more than to ask one to believe in an intelligent nipple designer, who incidentally must have understood hydraulics rather well."[21] In the 1986 Oxford Union debate, Wilder-Smith and creationist physicist Edgar Andrews (President of the Biblical Creation Society) debated creationism with biologists Richard Dawkins and John Maynard Smith.[22] Wilder-Smith's book The Natural Sciences Know Nothing of Evolution was published in 1981 by an imprint of Creation-Life Publishing, and reprinted in 1992 by Answers in Genesis.[23] Kenneth Christiansen, Professor of Biology at Grinnell College, reviewed the book stating "the most fundamental flaw of the book is an apparent confusion or ignorance (it is hard to tell) concerning our present understanding of the evolutionary process." He further noted that Wilder-Smith's work disregarded basic literature in the field discussed.[24] In 1998 the book was one of 19 which a public school board in Melvindale, Michigan, voted to purchase for school libraries "to make sure the district was not supporting the theory of evolution as a fact". An analysis by the National Center for Science Education described the book as "religious doctrine in disguise" promoting the intelligent design argument, with abundant errors typical of creation science, misrepresenting the science of evolution.[23] HonoursWilder-Smith was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry[25] Bibliography
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Ronald L. Numbers|title=The Creationists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDmZ5_iUixgC&pg=PA334|year=1993|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-08393-6|page=334}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Davis A. Young|author2=Ralph F. Stearley|title=The Bible, Rocks and Time: Geological Evidence for the Age of the Earth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRKtFWlSrRsC&pg=PA238|date=18 August 2008|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-2876-0|page=238}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Ron Rhodes|title=The 10 Things You Should Know About the Creation vs. Evolution Debate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ps3eEU8QMTAC&pg=PA61|publisher=Harvest House Publishers|isbn=978-0-7369-3445-9|page=61}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |last=Wilder-Smith |first=A.E. |title=The Time Dimension:Its Relationship to the Origin of Life |year=1993 |publisher=The Word For Today |location=Costa Mesa, CA |isbn=978-0-936728-45-2 |page=128}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last=Blaine |first=Graham B. |authorlink= |title=The Drug Users: The Psychopharmacology of Turning On, by A. E. Wilder Smith (review) |journal=Pediatrics |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=171–172 |publisher=American Academy of Pediatrics |location= |date=1 July 1971 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/48/1/171 |doi= |accessdate=}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wildersmith.org/biography.htm |title=sec.gif |publisher=Wildersmith.org |accessdate=16 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303083208/http://wildersmith.org/biography.htm |archive-date=2015-03-03 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 7. ^Library of Congress Name Headings with References, Library of Congress, 1981, p. 686 8. ^https://oconnormortuary.com/obits/beate-wilder-smith 9. ^https://www.librarything.com/author/wildersmithbeate 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oconnormortuary.com/obituaries/Beate-Wilder-Smith/#!/Obituary|title=Beate Wilder-Smith Obituary|publisher=oconnormortuary.com|accessdate=22 January 2016}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Wilder-Smith|first=A.E.|title=Let Us Reason: Insights on Creation, Suffering, & Evil|year=2007|publisher=The Word For Today|location=Costa Mesa, CA|isbn=9781597510370|page=7}} 12. ^{{cite web|last=Bradley|first=Walter L.|title=No Relevance to the Origin of Life|url=http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/arn/orpages/or101/101brad.htm|work=Access Research Network, vol. 10, no. 1|publisher=Leadership U|accessdate=20 September 2011}} 13. ^{{cite book|last=Numbers|first=Ronald|title=The Creationists|year=1992|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and LA|isbn=0-520-08393-8|pages=334, 405–406 n38}} 14. ^{{cite book|last=Numbers|first=Ronald|title=The Creationists|year=1992|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and LA|isbn=0-520-08393-8|page=408}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Bibliographic Information|url=http://openlibrary.org/search?wisbn=0871233568|publisher=Open Library|accessdate=20 September 2011}} 16. ^{{cite book|last=Wilder-Smith|first=A.E.|title=Herkunft und Zukunft des Menschen, 5th ed|year=1980|publisher=Hanssler-Verlag|location=Neuhausen-Stuttgart|isbn=3-7751-0070-9|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/45776454/Herkunft-und-Zukunft-des-Menschen}} 17. ^{{cite web|last=Kuban|first=Glen J.|title=The "Burdick Print"|url=http://paleo.cc/paluxy/wilker6.htm|work=Kuban's Paluxy Website|publisher=Kuban|accessdate=20 September 2011}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/paluxy.html|title=Paluxy Dinosaur/"Man Track" controversy|publisher=Talkorigins.org|accessdate=16 February 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.faithandscienceresource.org.uk/reviews/noseriousscientist.html|title=No Serious Scientist...|publisher=Faith and Science Resource|accessdate=15 September 2012}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.designinference.com/documents/2005.02.Reply_to_Henry_Morris.htm|title=Intelligent Design's Contributions to the Debate Over Evolution: A Reply to Henry Morris|author=William A. Dembski|date=1 February 2005|publisher=Design Inference Website|accessdate=15 September 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120729035206/http://www.designinference.com/documents/2005.02.Reply_to_Henry_Morris.htm|archivedate=29 July 2012|df=}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://pandasthumb.org/archives/2007/08/the-true-origin.html |title=The true origin of "intelligent design" |author= Nick Matzke |authorlink=Nick Matzke |date= August 14, 2007 |publisher=The Panda's Thumb |accessdate=2012-07-03}} 22. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907215249/http://richarddawkins.net/audio/721-1986-oxford-union-debate |date=September 7, 2010 }} 23. ^1 {{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/book/export/html/1447 | title=Analysis of the Melvindale Science Curriculum Sub-Committee Book Recommendations |publisher=National Center for Science Education | date=October 30, 1998 | first= | last= | accessdate = 2008-04-06}} 24. ^Kenneth Christiansen, "The Natural Sciences Know Nothing of Evolution Review" in Reviews of Creationist Books ed Liz Rank Hughes, National Center for Science Education, 1992. page 134 {{ISBN|0-939873-52-4}} 25. ^{{cite book|last=Wilder-Smith|first=Arthur E. and Beate|title=Fulfilled Journey|year=1998|publisher=TWFT Publishers|location=Costa Mesa, CA|isbn=978-0-936728-75-9|pages=538–539}} External links
9 : 1915 births|1995 deaths|Organic chemists|Alumni of the University of Reading|British chemists|Christian Young Earth creationists|ETH Zurich alumni|Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry|University of Geneva alumni |
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