| 词条 | WIR Bank |
| 释义 |
| name = WIR Bank and Trade System | logo = WIR-bank.png | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | native_name = {{de icon}} WIR Bank {{fr icon}} Banque WIR {{it icon}} Banca WIR | native_name_lang = | former_name = Swiss Economic Circle (German: Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft) | type = | industry = | founded = {{Start date and age|1934}} | founder = | hq_location = | hq_location_city = | hq_location_country = | area_served = | key_people = | products = | brands = | services = | owner = | ratio = | rating = | website = www.wir.ch }} The WIR Bank, formerly the Swiss Economic Circle (German: Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft), or WIR, is an independent complementary currency system in Switzerland that serves businesses in hospitality, construction, manufacturing, retail and professional services. WIR issues and manages a private currency, called the WIR Franc, which is used in combination with the Swiss Franc to generate dual-currency transactions. SystemThe WIR Franc is an electronic currency reflected in clients' trade accounts and so there is no paper money. The intentions of starting were in increased sales, cash flow and profits for a qualified participant.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} WIR created a credit system which issues credit, in WIR Francs, to its members.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} The credit lines are secured by members pledging assets which ensures that the currency is asset-backed. When two members enter into a transaction with both Swiss Francs and WIR Francs it reduces the amount of cash needed by the buyer; the seller does not discount its product or service. HistoryWIR was founded in 1934 by businessmen Werner Zimmermann and Paul Enz as a result of currency shortages and global financial instability. A banking license was granted in 1936.[1] Both Zimmermann and Enz had been influenced by German libertarian socialist economist Silvio Gesell;[2] however, the WIR Bank renounced Gesell's "free money" theory in 1952, opening the door to monetary interest.[3] "WIR" is both an abbreviation of Wirtschaftsring and the word for "we" in German, reminding participants that the economic circle is also a community.[2] According to the cooperative's statutes, "Its purpose is to encourage participating members to put their buying power at each other's disposal and keep it circulating within their ranks, thereby providing members with additional sales volume." Although WIR started with only sixteen members, today it has grown to include 62,000. Total assets are approximately 3.0 billion CHF, annual sales in the range of 6.5 billion, as of 2005.[4] As of 1998, assets held by the credit system were 885 million and liabilities of 844 million, i.e. the circulating WIR money, with equity in the system of 44 million. These WIR obligations being interest free have a cost of zero. Income from interest and credit clearing activities were 38 million francs. The currency code is CHW as designated by ISO 4217. The WIR Bank was a not-for-profit entity, although that status changed during the Bank's expansion.[5] The bank considers themselves as stable, claiming being fully operational during times of general economic crisis and may dampen downturns in the business cycle, helping to stabilize the Swiss economy during difficult times.[6] It is cited as an example in the documentary film Demain (2015). References1. ^{{cite web | title=WIR sind auch Geld | website=der-arbeitsmarkt.ch | url=http://www.der-arbeitsmarkt.ch/arbeitsmarkt/de/themen/archiv/101176/WIR_sind_auch_Geld | archive-url=https://archive.is/20130115184645/http://www.der-arbeitsmarkt.ch/arbeitsmarkt/de/themen/archiv/101176/WIR_sind_auch_Geld | dead-url=yes | archive-date=2013-01-15 | first=Mike | last=Niederer | language=German }} 2. ^1 {{cite web | title=60 Years WIR Business Circle Cooperative -Origins and Ideology | work=WIR Magazine (September 1994) | url=http://www.reinventingmoney.com/wirbusiness.php | accessdate=9 August 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061017101214/http://www.reinventingmoney.com/wirbusiness.php |archivedate = 17 October 2006}} 3. ^{{cite book | first=Tobias | last=Studer | year=1998 | title=WIR and the Swiss National Economy | publisher=WIR Bank}} 4. ^{{cite web | title=Histoire (in French) | work=Wir Bank | url=http://www.wir.ch/fr/la-banque-wir/histoire/ | accessdate=31 July 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045526/http://www.wir.ch/fr/la-banque-wir/histoire/ | archive-date=8 August 2014 | dead-url=yes | df=dmy-all }} 5. ^{{cite web | title=Press Release 2010 Annual report of the WIR Bank | work=WIR Bank | url=http://www.wir.ch/index.cfm?uuid=CBD9201A3DBB11D6B9950001020761E5&and_uuid=A418FC335056B8078ABF3FC01C5D51CE | accessdate=22 March 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325013519/http://www.wir.ch/index.cfm?uuid=CBD9201A3DBB11D6B9950001020761E5&and_uuid=A418FC335056B8078ABF3FC01C5D51CE | archive-date=25 March 2012 | dead-url=yes | df=dmy-all }} 6. ^Stodder, James. {{cite web|url= http://www.lietaer.com/images/Stodder_Reciprocal_Exchange.pdf |title=Reciprocal Exchange Networks: Implications for Macroeconomic Stability }} , Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering Management Society Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico, August 2000. See also
External links
4 : Local currencies|Freiwirtschaft|Banks of Switzerland|Basel-Stadt |
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