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词条 AFC Asian Cup
释义

  1. History

  2. Trophy

  3. Format

     Final tournament 

  4. Results

  5. Summary

  6. Records and statistics

  7. Controversies

     Political interferences  Low attendances 

  8. See also

  9. References and footnotes

  10. External links

{{redirect|Asian Cup|other uses|Asia Cup (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox football tournament
| image =
| founded = {{Start date and age|1956}}
| region = Asia (AFC)
| number of teams = 24
| qualifier for =
| current champions = {{fb|QAT}}
(1st title)
| most successful team = {{fb|JPN}} (4 titles)
| website = www.the-afc.com
| current = 2019 AFC Asian Cup
}}{{Infobox
|image1 =
|caption1 = 2019 AFC Asian Cup logo during opening ceremony prior to the first match between United Arab Emirates vs Bahrain
|bodyclass = hlist nowraplinks
|headerstyle = border-top: 1px solid #aaa
|header1 = Tournaments
|data2 =
  • 1956
  • 1960
  • 1964
  • 1968
  • 1972
  • 1976
  • 1980
  • 1984
  • 1988
  • 1992
  • 1996
  • 2000
  • 2004
  • 2007
  • 2011
  • 2015
  • 2019
  • 2023

}}

The AFC Asian Cup is an international association football tournament run by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It is the second oldest continental football championship in the world after Copa América. The winning team becomes the champion of Asia and until 2015 qualified for the FIFA Confederations Cup.[1]

The Asian Cup was held once every four years from the 1956 edition in Hong Kong until the 2004 tournament in China. However, since the Summer Olympic Games and the European Football Championship were also scheduled in the same year as the Asian Cup, the AFC decided to move their championship to a less crowded cycle. After 2004, the tournament was next held in 2007 when it was co-hosted by four nations: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Thereafter, it has been held every four years.

The Asian Cup has generally been dominated by a small number of top teams. Initially successful teams included South Korea (twice) and Iran (three times). Since 1984, Japan (four times) and Saudi Arabia (three times) have been the most successful teams, together winning 7 of the last 10 finals. The other teams which have achieved success are Qatar (2019 current champions), Australia (2015), Iraq (2007) and Kuwait (1980). Israel won in 1964 but were later expelled and have since joined UEFA.

Australia joined the Asian confederation in 2007 and hosted the Asian Cup finals in 2015.[2] The 2019 tournament had been expanded from 16 teams to 24 teams, with the qualifying process doubling as part of the qualification for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[3][4] Unlike other confederation tournaments, the Asian Cup has often been rescheduled to another time of year to better suit the climate of the host nation, for example in 2007 it was played in July but the following three tournaments were played in January.

History

Two years after the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) came into being in 1954, the first ever AFC Asian Cup was staged in Hong Kong with seven of the 12 founding members taking part. The qualifying process involved the hosts plus the winners of the various zones (central, eastern and western). It was only a four-team tournament, a format that also existed for 1960 and 1964. Each sub-confederation already hosts their own biennial championship, each with varying degrees of interest. Dominance has swung between the East and West so far. From the superiority of South Korea in the early years of the competition, the tournament became the preserve of Iran who won three consecutive tournaments in 1968, 1972 and 1976.[5]

West Asian countries dominated in the 1980s with Kuwait becoming the first Middle East country to win the championship in 1980, followed by Saudi Arabia's consecutive wins in 1984 and 1988.

Japan hold the record for the most victories in the tournament's history, having won in 1992, 2000, 2004 and 2011.[6]

The 2007 Asian Cup also saw Australia compete for the first time, reaching the quarter-final stage; Iraq defeated Australia, South Korea and Saudi Arabia to win their first ever Asian Cup despite an adverse domestic situation and conditions for the players.[7]

At the 2019 Asian Cup, the video assistant referees were used in the tournament for the first time,[8] as well as an expansion to 24 teams.[9] In addition, a fourth substitution was allowed during extra time.[10]

Trophy

{{multiple image|
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| width = 130
| header =
| image1 = Majed Abdullah in Asia Cup 1984 (cropped).jpg
| alt1 = Original trophy
| caption1 = The original trophy...
| image2 = AFC Asian Cup at Fed Square.jpg
| alt2 = Redesigned trophy
| caption2 = ...and the redesigned one.
}}

There have been two Asian Cup trophies; the first one used between 1956 and 2015, and the second one in use since 2019.

The first trophy came in a form of a bowl with circular base. Its was 42 centimeters tall and weighs 15 kilograms.[11] Until the 2000 tournament, the black base contained plaques engraved with names of every winning country, as well as the edition won.[12][13] The trophy was redesigned, adding more silver and reduce the black base to just a thin layer down. This base was plaque-free and the winner names were engraved around the base.[14]

During the draw for the 2019 group stage on 4 May 2018 at the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, an all new trophy made by Thomas Lyte was unveiled. It is 78 centimeters tall, 42 centimeters wide, and weighs 15 kilograms of silver.[15] The trophy is modeled over lotus flower, a symbolically important aquatic Asian plant. Five petals of the lotus symbolize the five sub-confederations under the AFC.[16] The winner names are engraved around the trophy base, which is separable from the trophy's main body. This trophy has a handle on each side, unlike its predecessor.

Format

Final tournament

Since 2019, the final tournament is played in two stages: the group stage and the knockout stage. In the group stage each team plays three games in a group of four, with the winners and runners-up from each group advancing to the knockout stage along with the four best third-placed teams. In the knockout stage the sixteen teams compete in a single-elimination tournament, beginning with the round of 16 and ending with the final match of the tournament.

Results

WinnersScoreRunners-upThird placeScoreFourth place
11956
Details		{{flag|Hong Kong|1910}}{{fb-big>KOR|1949}}round-robinISR}}HKG|1910}}round-robinSouth Vietnam}}4
21960
Details		{{flag|South Korea|1949}}{{fb-big>KOR|1949}}round-robinISR}}Republic of China}}round-robinSouth Vietnam}}4
31964
Details		{{flag|Israel}}{{fb-big>ISR}}round-robinIND}}KOR|1949}}round-robinHKG|1959}}4
41968
Details		{{flag|Iran|1964}}{{fb-big>IRN|1964}}round-robinBurma|1948}}ISR}}round-robinRepublic of China}}5
51972
Details		{{flag|Thailand}}{{fb-big>IRN|1964}}2–1 {{aet}}KOR|1949}}THA}}2–2 {{aet}}
{{pso>5–3}}		CAM|1970|name=Khmer Republic}}6
61976
Details		{{flag|Iran|1964}}{{fb-big>IRN|1964}}1–0KUW}}CHN}}1–0IRQ|1963}}6
71980
Details		{{flag|Kuwait}}{{fb-big>KWT}}3–0KOR|1949}}IRN}}3–0PRK|1948}}10
81984
Details		{{flag|Singapore}}{{fb-big>KSA}}2–0CHN}}KUW}}1–1 {{aet}}
{{pso>5–3}}		IRN}}10
91988
Details		{{flag|Qatar}}{{fb-big>KSA}}0–0 {{aet}}
{{pso>4–3}}		KOR|1984}}IRN}}0–0 {{aet}}
{{pso>3–0}}		CHN}}10
101992
Details		{{flag|Japan|1947}}{{fb-big>JPN|1947}}1–0KSA}}CHN}}1–1 {{aet}}
{{pso>4–3}}		UAE}}8
111996
Details		{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}{{fb-big>KSA}}0–0 {{aet}}
{{pso>4–2}}		UAE}}IRN}}1–1 {{aet}}
{{pso>3–2}}		KUW}}12
122000
Details		{{flag|Lebanon}}{{fb-big>JPN}}1–0KSA}}KOR|1997}}1–0CHN}}12
132004
Details		{{flag|China}}{{fb-big>JPN}}3–1CHN}}IRN}}4–2BHR}}16
142007
Details		{{flag|Indonesia}}
{{flag|Malaysia}}
{{flag|Thailand}}
{{flag|Vietnam}}		{{fb-big>IRQ|2004}}1–0KSA}}KOR|1997}}0–0 {{aet}}
{{pso>6–5}}		JPN}}16
152011
Details		{{flag|Qatar}}{{fb-big>JPN}}1–0 {{aet}}AUS}}KOR|1997}}3–2UZB}}16
162015
Details		{{flag|Australia}}{{fb-big>AUS}}2–1 {{aet}}KOR}}UAE}}3–2IRQ}}16
172019
Details		{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}{{fb-big>QAT}}3–1JPN}}{{fb|IRN|size=30px}} and {{fb|UAE|size=30px}}24
182023
Details		{{CHN}} or {{KOR}}TBDTBDTBD24

Summary

{{See also|National team appearances in the AFC Asian Cup#Comprehensive team results by tournament|l1=Asian Cup comprehensive team results by tournament}}
TeamTitlesRunners-upThird PlaceFourth PlaceSemi-finalistsTop 4 Finishes
{{fb|JPN}}4 (1992*, 2000, 2004, 2011)1 (2019) –1 (2007) –6
{{fb|KSA}}3 (1984, 1988, 1996)3 (1992, 2000, 2007) – – –6
{{fb|IRN}}3 (1968*, 1972, 1976*) –4 (1980, 1988, 1996, 2004)1 (1984)1 (2019)9
{{fb|KOR}}2 (1956, 1960*)4 (1972, 1980, 1988, 2015)4 (1964, 2000, 2007, 2011) – –10
{{fb|ISR}}11 (1964*)2 (1956, 1960)1 (1968) – –4
{{fb|KUW}}1 (1980*)1 (1976)1 (1984)1 (1996) –4
{{fb|AUS}}1 (2015*)1 (2011) – – –2
{{fb|IRQ}}1 (2007) – –2 (1976, 2015) –3
QAT}}1 (2019) – – – –1
CHN}} –2 (1984, 2004*)2 (1976, 1992)2 (1988, 2000) –6
UAE}} –1 (1996*)1 (2015)1 (1992)1 (2019*)4
IND}} –1 (1964) – – –1
MYA}} –1 (1968) – – –1
HKG}} – –1 (1956*)1 (1964) –2
TPE}}2 – –1 (1960)1 (1968) –2
THA}} – –1 (1972*) – –1
VIE}}3 – – –2 (1956, 1960) –2
CAM}} – – –1 (1972) –1
PRK}} – – –1 (1980) –1
BHR}} – – –1 (2004) –1
UZB}} – – –1 (2011) –1
Total17171616268
{{anchor|0}}* hosts
{{anchor|1}}1 Israel was expelled from the AFC in the early 1970s and eventually became a member of UEFA.[17]
{{anchor|2}}2 as Republic of China
{{anchor|3}}3 as South Vietnam

Records and statistics

{{main|AFC Asian Cup records and statistics}}

Controversies

Despite being the second oldest continental football tournament, the AFC Asian Cup has suffered numerous criticisms.[18][19][20] Criticisms over the inability of the AFC Asian Cup to attract large attendances, political interferences, high costs of traveling between AFC member states and different cultures were highlighted over the Asian Cup.

Political interferences

The AFC Asian Cup is marked with numerous political interferences. This was the case of Israel, as the team used to be a member of the AFC but following Yom Kippur War and increasing tensions against the Arab AFC members, Israel was expelled from the AFC in 1974 and had to compete in OFC until being granted UEFA membership in 1990.[21] Meanwhile, similar cases also exist in other AFC tournaments like the case between Saudi Arabia and Iran. Following the 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran, Saudi Arabia has rejected playing with Iran and even threatens to withdraw if the AFC refuses to follow, and even extended it to international level;[22] or tensions between the two Koreas during the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification had led North Korea to withdraw from hosting the South Korean team and refusing to display the South Korean flag and play their national anthem. As a result, North Korea's home matches were moved to Shanghai.[23]

Low attendances

Low crowds have also been another problems for the AFC Asian Cup. At the 2011 AFC Asian Cup, there had been concerns over low record of crowds due to little football interests and high costs of traveling between Asian nations leading to then-Australia coach Holger Osieck claimed that the Qatar Armed Forces were used to fill up the stadiums simply for aesthetics, while Australia international Brett Holman commented, "Worldwide it's not recognised as a good tournament".[20]

See also

  • {{Portal-inline|size=tiny|AFC Asian Cup}}
  • Continental football championships
  • National team appearances in the AFC Asian Cup
  • AFC Women's Asian Cup
  • AFC U-23 Championship
  • AFC U-19 Championship
  • AFC U-16 Championship
  • AFC Challenge Cup
  • AFC Solidarity Cup
  • Asian Games

References and footnotes

1. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/news/fifa-council-votes-for-the-introduction-of-a-revamped-fifa-club-world-cup |title=FIFA Council votes for the introduction of a revamped FIFA Club World Cup |website=FIFA.com |date=15 March 2019 |access-date=15 March 2019}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.asiancup.com.au |title=Australia play for the first time |publisher=Asiancup.com.au |date= |accessdate=2015-05-03}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/about-afc/afc-departments/competitions-division/27547-revamp-of-afc-competitions.html |title=Revamp of AFC competitions |publisher=The-afc.com |date=25 January 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203183006/http://www.the-afc.com/en/about-afc/afc-departments/competitions-division/27547-revamp-of-afc-competitions.html |archivedate=3 February 2014 }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.afcasiancup.com/news/en/afc-asian-cup-changes-set-for-2019/98e8x2nwsrjl1irq05l2dizzo |title=AFC Asian Cup changes set for 2019 |publisher=Afcasiancup.com |date=26 January 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130081835/http://www.afcasiancup.com/news/en/afc-asian-cup-changes-set-for-2019/98e8x2nwsrjl1irq05l2dizzo |archivedate=30 January 2014 }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/8/main/2011/01/07/2293901/asian-cup-know-your-history-part-one-1956-1988 |title=Asian Cup: Know Your History - Part One (1956-1988) |publisher=Goal.com |date=2011-01-07 |accessdate=2015-05-06}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.goal.com/s/en/news/2293902/ |title=Asian Cup: Know Your History - Part Two (1992-2007) |publisher=Goal.com |date=2011-01-07 |accessdate=2015-05-06}}
7. ^{{cite web|last=Lampen|first=Jerry|title=Iraq ride wave of support to lift Asian Cup|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/07/29/uk-soccer-asia-idUKSP26426720070729|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=13 September 2014}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=AFC plans to introduce VAR at UAE 2019|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-asian-cup/latest/news/afc-plans-to-introduce-var-at-afc-asian-cup-uae-2019|date=27 September 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/afc/documents/PdfFiles/afc-asian-cup-uae-2019-match-schedule|publisher=AFC|title=AFC Asian Cup UAE 2019 – Match Schedule|format=PDF|date=7 May 2018|accessdate=19 October 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-asian-cup/latest/news/fourth-substitution-to-be-introduced-at-uae-2019|title=Fourth substitution to be introduced at UAE 2019|publisher=AFC|date=12 October 2018}}
11. ^{{Youtube|xY1e7FXfD28|AFC Asian Cup Trophy}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/the-asian-cup-trophy-asia-cup-news-photo/650285412|title=The Asian Cup Trophy - Asia Cup|work=Getty Images|date=21 December 1996}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://c8.alamy.com/comp/G9FBXR/soccer-asian-cup-2000-final-saudi-arabia-v-japan-G9FBXR.jpg|title=Japan coach Philippe Troussier lifts the Asian Cup trophy|work=Alamy|date=29 October 2000}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/asiancup/news/the-remarkable-rise-of-asia-s-greatest-showpiece|title=The remarkable rise of Asia’s greatest showpiece|publisher=Asian Football Confederation|date=5 December 2018|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20190205150917/http://www.the-afc.com/asiancup/news/the-remarkable-rise-of-asia-s-greatest-showpiece|archive-date=5 February 2019|deadurl=no}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/news/afcsection/dazzling-new-afc-asian-cup-trophy-unveiled-in-dubai|title=Dazzling new AFC Asian Cup trophy unveiled in Dubai|publisher=Asian Football Confederation|date=4 May 2018}}
16. ^{{Youtube|6W7N_VkK2uU|Highlights: AFC Asian Cup 2019 trophy reveal}}
17. ^{{cite web |title=About the IFA |url=http://eng.football.org.il/Association/AboutAssociation/Pages/default.aspx |publisher=The Israel Football Association |accessdate=27 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502020719/http://eng.football.org.il/Association/AboutAssociation/Pages/default.aspx |archivedate=2 May 2008 |df= }}
18. ^{{cite web |title=Iran's success reflects the failures of Asian football |url=https://www.economist.com/game-theory/2017/06/14/irans-success-reflects-the-failures-of-asian-football |website=The Economist |accessdate=21 January 2019 |date=14 June 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web |last1=Panja |first1=Tariq |title=Politics Looms Over Empty Seats as Saudi Arabia Faces Qatar in Asian Cup |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/17/sports/qatar-saudi-arabia-asian-cup.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=21 January 2019 |date=17 January 2019}}
20. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Paraskevas |first1=Chris |title=Asian Cup 2011 Comment: Empty Stadiums Hurting Asian Football And Qatar|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/3550/asian-cup/2011/01/21/2315984/asian-cup-2011-comment-empty-stadiums-hurting-asian-football-and- |website=www.goal.com |accessdate=21 January 2019 |language=en}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.punditarena.com/football/cheffernan/controversial-case-israeli-football/|title=The Controversial Case of Israel & International Football|publisher=Pundit Arena|website=punditarena.com|accessdate=29 July 2018|date=20 November 2014|author=Conor Heffernan}}
22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/saudi-iranian-tension-extends-sports-%E2%80%93-saudi-arabian-football-federation-announces-we-will|title=Saudi-Iranian Tension Extends To Sports – Saudi Arabian Football Federation Announces: We Will Not Play In Iran|date=6 January 2016|website=memri.org|publisher=The Middle East Media Research Institute|accessdate=29 July 2018}}
23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-fifa-koreas/koreas-match-moved-to-shanghai-after-anthem-row-idUKL0789295820080307|title=Koreas match moved to Shanghai after anthem row|author=Mark Ledsom|date=7 March 2008|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=29 July 2018}}

External links

{{Commons category|AFC Asian Cup}}
  • AFC Asian Cup official website
  • AFC Asian Cup, AFC.com
  • RSSSF archive
{{AFC Asian Cup}}{{AFC Asian Cup symbols}}{{Countries at the AFC Asian Cup}}{{International football}}{{AFC Asian Cup winners}}{{AFC men's competitions}}{{Asian Championships}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Afc Asian Cup}}

3 : AFC Asian Cup|Asian Football Confederation competitions for national teams|Recurring sporting events established in 1956
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