| 词条 | Fritillaria affinis | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Chocolate lily | image = Fritillaria affinis 000.jpg | image_caption = Fritillaria affinis | regnum = Plantae | unranked_divisio = Angiosperms | unranked_classis = Monocots | ordo = Liliales | familia = Liliaceae | genus = Fritillaria | species = F. affinis | binomial = Fritillaria affinis | binomial_authority = (Schult. & Schult.f.) Sealy | status = G5 | status_system = TNC | status_ref = [1] | synonyms_ref = [2] | synonyms = * Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh
}}Fritillaria affinis (checker lily, chocolate lily) is a highly variable species in the genus Fritillaria, native to western North America, in California, Klamath Ranges, the north coast ranges, Cascade Ranges, north Sierra Nevada foothills, and the San Francisco Bay Area, north to British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Montana and Idaho.[3] It grows from a bulb, which resembles a small mass of rice grains. The stems are 10–120 cm tall. The flowers are produced in the spring, nodding, 1–4 cm, yellowish or greenish brown with a lot of yellow mottling to purplish black with little mottling, or yellow-green mottled with purple. The leaves are in whorls.[4] Its habitat includes oak or pine scrub or open woods and thickets near the coast. There are two varieties:
Cultivation and usesPrefers low to mid-elevation, shade or part shade, dry summer dormancy, good drainage. Some sources say that it may be difficult to cultivate, but other sources say that it is one of the easiest fritillaries to grow. The roots or bulbs cooked make palatable and nutritious food. Historically, the bulbs of this plant were eaten steamed by Salish Native American peoples, including the Squamish, Sechelt, Halq'emeylem and Straits Salish.[6] References1. ^{{Cite web | publisher =NatureServe | title = Fritillaria Affinis | work = NatureServe Explorer | url = http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=fritillaria+affinis+ | accessdate = 2018-04-01}} 2. ^Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, synonyms for Fritillaria affinis var. affinis 3. ^Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Fritillaria affinis 4. ^Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2002. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Flora of North America 26: i–xxvi, 1–723. 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/NorthAmericanFritillarias|title=North American Fritillarias|last=|first=|date=29 June 2016|website=Pacific Bulb Society|archive-url=|archivedate=29 June 2016|dead-url=|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Pants of the Pacific Northwest Coast|last=Pojar, Mackinnon|first=Jim, Andy|publisher=Lone Pine Publishing|year=1994|isbn=1-55105-040-4|location=Vancouver, BC|pages=110}} External links{{Commons-inline}}
5 : Fritillaria|Flora of North America|Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands|Natural history of the California Coast Ranges|Plants described in 1829 |
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