| 词条 | AFI Life Achievement Award | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
}}{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}}{{Infobox award | name = AFI Life Achievement Award | image = American Film Institute (AFI) logo.svg | alt = | caption = | description = Honoring an individual whose career in motion pictures or television has greatly contributed to the enrichment of American culture. | presenter = American Film Institute | host = | date = | location = Los Angeles | country = | reward = | year = 1973[1] | year2 = | holder = | website = {{URL|www.afi.com/laa/}} | network = TNT | runtime = | ratings = | previous = | main = | next = }} The AFI Life Achievement Award was established by the Board of Directors of the American Film Institute on February 26, 1973, to honor a single individual for his or her lifetime contribution to enriching American culture through motion pictures and television.[2] The recipient is selected and honored at a ceremony annually, with the award presented by a master of ceremonies and recently, the prior year's recipient, who usually gives a brief synopsis of the awarded individual and career background including highlights and achievements. The Trustees initially specified that the recipient must be one who fundamentally advanced the art of film and whose achievements had been acknowledged by the general public as well as by film scholars and critics and the individual's peers. The Trustees also specified that the work of the recipient must have withstood the test of time. History of the awardDirector John Ford was the unanimous choice of the Board of Trustees for the first award as he "clearly stands preeminent in the history of motion pictures." President Richard M. Nixon attended the gala dinner at which Ford was presented the award on March 31, 1973.[2] The Board of Trustees later amended the "test of time" requirement to enable the AFI Life Achievement Award to be presented to individuals with active careers,[2] such as Tom Hanks, who, at age 46, was the youngest recipient ever, and Steven Spielberg, who received the award at age 48. Silent film star Lillian Gish, was the oldest recipient of the AFI Lifetime Achievement Award, when in 1984 was honoured at the age of 90. Televised broadcastAll Life Achievement Award ceremonies have been televised on major TV networks and cable channels: CBS, NBC, ABC, Fox, USA, TV Land, TNT and TBS. Agreeing to appear at the televised ceremony apparently is part of the AFI's criteria for selecting the award. The televised ceremony generates income for the AFI, which is no longer funded by the US government. Nine of the honorees have been women: Bette Davis, Lillian Gish, Barbara Stanwyck, Elizabeth Taylor, Barbra Streisand, Meryl Streep, Shirley MacLaine, Jane Fonda and Diane Keaton. Notable omissionsNotable omissions were Robert Altman, Charles Chaplin, Claudette Colbert, Alec Guinness, Audrey Hepburn, Charlton Heston, Bob Hope, Elia Kazan, Paul Newman, Laurence Olivier, (all of whom are recipients of a Lincoln Center Gala Tribute), Lauren Bacall, Ingrid Bergman, Marlon Brando, Joan Crawford, Marlene Dietrich, Stanley Donen, Irene Dunne, Greta Garbo, Ava Gardner, Greer Garson, Cary Grant, Howard Hawks, Katharine Hepburn, William Holden, Deborah Kerr, Stanley Kramer, Stanley Kubrick, Burt Lancaster, Jerry Lewis, Myrna Loy, Sidney Lumet, Robert Mitchum, Peter O'Toole, Mary Pickford, Anthony Quinn, Debbie Reynolds, Ginger Rogers, Mickey Rooney, Norma Shearer, Shirley Temple, John Wayne, Robin Williams and Jane Wyman. Living people who appeared in or directed films in the top 10 of the AFI's 100 Years…100 Movies list that have yet to receive the award include Francis Ford Coppola, Olivia de Havilland and Kim Novak. One living actress who was listed on AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars has not received the award: Sophia Loren. RecipientsThe American Film Institute has awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award to one person each year since 1973. The 46th Award was presented to George Clooney on June 7, 2018, in Los Angeles. The event was broadcast on June 21, 2018, on TNT. It was also broadcast on September 3, 2018 on TCM as a lineup dedicated to George Clooney.[3]
See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web|title=History of AFI|url=http://www.afi.com/about/history.aspx|work=AFI.com|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=May 5, 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110430214625/http://www.afi.com/about/history.aspx| archivedate=April 30, 2011| deadurl= no}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web| title=The AFI Life Achievement Awards| url=http://www.afi.com/laa/default.aspx |publisher=American Film Institute| accessdate=2014-07-28}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.afi.com/laa/laa18.aspx|title=2018 George Clooney Tribute|last=|first=|date=|work=American Film Institute|accessdate=June 10, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-us}} 4. ^AFI Achievement External links
3 : Cinema of the United States|American Film Institute Awards|Lifetime achievement awards |
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