| 词条 | 1988 Iranian legislative election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Iranian legislative election, 1988 | country = Iran | type = legislative | vote_type = Popular | previous_year = 1984 | election_date = 8 April and 13 May 1988 | next_year = 1992 | votes_for_election = | needed_votes = | seats_for_election = All 270 seats of Islamic Consultative Assembly | majority_seats = 136 | registered = 27,986,736[1] | turnout = 59.72%[1] | image1 = | party1 = Association of Combatant Clerics {{collapsible list | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent; | title = and allies | Association of the Women | Office for Strengthening Unity | Worker House | Islamic Association of Teachers }} | leader1 = Mehdi Karoubi | seats1 = ≈160[2] | leaders_seat1 = Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat | alliance1 = Left | image2 = | leader2 = Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani | party2 = Combatant Clergy Association{{collapsible list | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;background:transparent; | title = and allies | Islamic Coalition Society | Islamic Society of Engineers | Zeynab Society }} | leaders_seat2 = Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat (defeated) | alliance2 = Right | seats2 = ≈90[2] | title = Prime Minister | before_election = Mir-Hossein Mousavi | before_party = Independent | after_election = Mir-Hossein Mousavi | after_party = Independent }}Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 8 April 1988, with a second round on 13 May.[3] The result was a victory for leftist politicians who later emerged as reformists.[4] The number of clerics elected to the Majlis was reduced by over a third.[5] Electoral systemThe constitution approved in a December 1979 referendum provided for a 270-seat Majlis, with five seats reserved for minority groups including Jews, Zorastrians, Armenians from the north and south of the country and one jointly elected by Assyrians and Chaldeans.[6] The elections were conducted using a two-round system, with the number of candidates progressing to the second round being double the number of seats available. Candidates required an absolute majority to win a seat in the first round, and plurality to win in the second round.[6] CampaignAround 1,400 candidates contested the elections, including around 30 women.[6] 188 seats were won in the first round of voting.[6] There were three main groups contesting in the elections, namely:[7][8]
Results
AftermathThe newly elected Majlis met for the first time on 28 May, and elected Mir-Hossein Mousavi as Prime Minister on 30 June.[6] References1. ^1 {{Citation|title= 1988 Parliamentary Election|work= The Iran Social Science Data Portal|publisher= Princeton University|url= http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/parl/1988/|accessdate= 10 August 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120530200846/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/elections/parl/1988/|archive-date= 30 May 2012|dead-url= yes|df= dmy-all}} {{Iranian elections}}2. ^1 {{Citation|publisher=Routledge|journal=Iranian Studies|title=Parliamentary elections in Iran|author=Bahman Bakhtiari|volume=24|number=3–4|date=1993|via=Tandfonline {{subscription}}|pages=375–388|doi=10.1080/00210869308701808|quote=By the end of September 1989, the radicals had close to 160 supporters, around 90 deputies belonged to the pragmatists' camp, the rest were "fence-sitters."}} 3. ^Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p. 68 {{ISBN|0-19-924958-X}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Zandi|first=Mohammad Ali |language=Persian|url=http://www.pajoohe.com/fa/index.php?Page=definition&UID=45593|title=3rd Islamic Consultative Assembly elections|publisher=Baqir al-Ulum Research Institute|accessdate=30 March 2016}} 5. ^James W. Heslep The Decline of Clerics in the Iranian Majles {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512150354/http://web.wm.edu/so/monitor/issues/07-1/5-heslep.htm |date=12 May 2011 }} 6. ^1 2 3 4 Iran IPU 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Beheshti|first=Ebrahim|language=Persian|url=http://iran-newspaper.com/Newspaper/BlockPrint/109221|title= گزارش "ایران" از صفآرایی گروههای سیاسی در ۹ دوره انتخابات مجلس|publisher=Iran|accessdate=30 March 2016|date=4 January 2016|orig-year=14 Dey 1394|id=109221|number=6116}} 8. ^{{cite web|language=Persian|url=http://www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext2.aspx?newsnum=100804947772|title=تحليل هشت دوره مجلس شورای اسلامی|publisher=Jaam-e Jam|accessdate=30 March 2016|date=24 February 2012|id=671189238744517772|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408115427/http://www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext2.aspx?newsnum=100804947772|archive-date=8 April 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{citation|author=Tom Landford|year=2012|title=Political Handbook of the World 2012|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9781608719952|entry=Iran|page=656}} 4 : 1988 elections in Asia|1988 in Iran|Elections in Iran|Islamic Consultative Assembly elections |
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