1. Design and development
    Iranian reverse engineering 

2. Variants

3. Applications
    Other 

4. Specifications

5. See also

6. References

7. External links

The General Electric J85 is a small single-shaft turbojet engine. Military versions produce up to {{convert|2950|lb-f|kN|lk=on|abbr=on}} of thrust dry, afterburning variants can reach up to {{convert|5000|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}}. The engine, depending upon additional equipment and specific model, weighs from {{convert|300|to|500|lb|kg}}. It is one of GE's most successful and longest in service military jet engines, with the civilian versions having logged over 16.5 million hours of operation. The United States Air Force plans to continue using the J85 in aircraft through 2040{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}. Civilian models, known as the CJ610, are similar but supplied without an afterburner, while the CF700 adds a rear-mounted fan for improved fuel economy.

Design and development

The J85 was originally designed to power a large decoy missile, the McDonnell ADM-20 Quail. The Quail was designed to be released from a B-52 Stratofortress in-flight and fly for long distances in formation with the launch aircraft, multiplying the number of targets facing the SA-2 surface-to-air missile operators on the ground. This mission demanded a small engine that could nevertheless provide enough power to keep up with the jet bomber. Like the similar Armstrong Siddeley Viper being built in England, the engine on a Quail drone had no need to last for extended periods of time, so therefore could be built of low-quality materials.

The fit was a success on the Quail, but again like the Viper it was later built with normal grade materials and subsequently used to power small jet aircraft, including the Northrop T-38 Talon, Northrop F-5, Canadair CT-114 Tutor, and Cessna A-37 Dragonfly light attack aircraft. More recently, J85s have powered the Scaled Composites White Knight aircraft, the carrier for the Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne spacecraft, and the Me 262 Project.

The basic engine design is quite small, about {{convert|18|in|cm}} in diameter, and {{convert|45|in|cm}} long.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} It features an eight-stage axial-flow compressor powered by two turbine stages, and is capable of generating up to {{convert|2,950|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} of dry thrust, or more with an afterburner. At full throttle at sea level, this engine, without afterburner, consumes approximately {{convert|400|USgal|L}} of fuel per hour. At cruise altitude and power, it consumes approximately {{convert|100|USgal|L|abbr=on}} per hour.

Several variants were produced. The J85-21 variant added a stage ahead of the base 8-stage compressor for a total of 9 stages, improving thrust.

More than 12,000 J85 engines had been built by the time production ended in 1988.^[1]

Iranian reverse engineering

The Iranian Ministry of Defense constructed a new engine based on the General Electric J85 named "OWJ". The engine was presented at a defense exhibition on 22 August 2016.^[2]

Variants

J85-GE-1

{{convert|2600|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-2

{{convert|2850|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-3

{{convert|2450|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-4

{{convert|2950|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-5

{{convert|2400|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust, {{convert|3,600|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} afterburning thrust

J85-GE-5A

{{convert|3850|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} afterburning thrust

J85-GE-7

{{convert|2450|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-12

J85-GE-13

{{convert|4080|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}}, {{convert|4,850|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-15

{{convert|4300|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-CAN-15

Orenda manufactured J85-GE-15 for the Canadair CF-116 {{convert|4300|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-17A

{{convert|2850|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-19

J85-GE-21

{{convert|3500|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} military thrust; {{convert|5,000|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} afterburning thrust.

J85-GE-J1A

{{convert|5000|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

J85-GE-J2

military version of the CJ610, similar to the GE-7, {{convert|2850|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust.

J85-GE-J4

J85-CAN-40

Manufactured by Orenda for the Canadair CT-114 Tutor, {{convert|2650|lb-f|kN|abbr=on}} thrust

Applications

• Boom Technology XB-1 "Baby Boom" demonstrator^[3]
• Canadair CL-41 Tutor
• Canadair CF-5
• Cessna A-37 Dragonfly
• Fairchild C-123 Provider
• Fairchild AC-119K
• Fiat G.91Y
• McDonnell ADM-20 Quail decoy missile
• Ryan MQM-34D Mod II target drone
• North American OV-10B(Z) Bronco
• North American T-2 Buckeye
• Northrop F-5
• Northrop T-38 Talon
• Ryan XV-5 Vertifan
• Saab 105Ö
• Scaled Composites White Knight
• Viper Aircraft Viperjet MKII

Other

• American Challenge water speed record jet-powered boat - Two J85-GE-21s^[4]

Specifications

See also

• General Electric CJ610
• General Electric CF700

• Armstrong Siddeley Viper
• Continental J69
• Fairchild J83
• Rolls-Royce Soar

• List of aircraft engines

References

• {{cite book |last= Gunston |first= Bill |coauthors= |title= World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition |year= 2006 |publisher= Sutton Publishing Limited |location= Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK |isbn= 0-7509-4479-X |pages= }}

External links

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.geae.com/engines/military/j85/index.html GE J85 product page]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070216081447/http://www.aircraftenginedesign.com/pictures/j85.gif J85 picture]
• "G.E.'s Small Turbojet" a 1959 Flight article

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