“General Hospital”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The show was created by husband-and-wife soap writers Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city. In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York. From its beginning, General Hospital starred John Beradino and Emily McLaughlin, and both actors stayed with the show until their deaths in 1996 and 1991 respectively. They were joined a year later by Rachel Ames who remains to date the longest serving actress on an ABC soap opera, having been continuously on the show from 1964 to 2007. General Hospital was the second soap to air on ABC (after the short-lived Road to Reality, which aired for several months during the 1960–61 season). In 1964, a sister soap was created for General Hospital, The Young Marrieds; it ran for two years, and was canceled because of low ratings. General Hospital also spawned a primetime spinoff with the same name in the United Kingdom from 1972 to 1979, as well as the daytime series Port Charles (1997–2003) and the primetime spin-off Night Shift (2007–2008) in the United States. Taped at The Prospect Studios, General Hospital aired for a half-hour until July 23, 1976. The series was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26, 1976, and then to a full hour on January 16, 1978.^[3]

Ever since the late 1970s, most of the storylines have revolved around the Quartermaines and the Spencers. From 1979 to 1988, General Hospital had more viewers than any other daytime soap opera. It rose to the top of the ratings in the early 1980s in part thanks to the monumentally popular "supercouple" Luke and Laura, whose 1981 wedding brought in 30 million viewers and remains the highest-rated hour in American soap opera history.^[4]^[5] The soap opera is also known for its high-profile celebrity guest stars who have included, among others, Roseanne Barr, James Franco and Elizabeth Taylor. In 2007, the program was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME."^[6] On April 23, 2009, General Hospital began broadcasting in high definition, making it the first ABC soap opera to make such a transition.^[7] The serial aired its 14,000th episode on February 23, 2018.^[1]

General Hospital became the oldest American soap opera on September 17, 2010, following the final broadcast of CBS' As the World Turns. On April 14, 2011, ABC announced the cancellation of both All My Children and One Life to Live, leaving General Hospital as the last remaining soap opera airing on the network after January 13, 2012.^[8] The show celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 1, 2013.

Show history

Origins

History

Launched in 1963, the first stories were mainly set at General Hospital in an unnamed midsized Eastern city. The name of the city, Port Charles, would not be mentioned until 1976 by headwriters Eileen and Robert Mason Pollock.^[10] Storylines revolved around Dr. Steve Hardy (John Beradino) and his friend, Nurse Jessie Brewer (Emily McLaughlin). Jessie's turbulent marriage to the much-younger Dr. Phil Brewer (originally portrayed by Roy Thinnes; lastly by Martin West) was the center of many early storylines. In 1964 Audrey March (Rachel Ames), a flight attendant and sister of Nurse Lucille (Lucille Wall), came to town, and was the woman who won Steve's heart.

By the end of the 1970s, General Hospital was facing dire ratings when executive producer Gloria Monty was brought in to turn the show around. Monty is credited with creation of the first supercouple, Luke Spencer and Laura Webber, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis. The end of their hour wedding on November 17, 1981, was the most-watched event in daytime serial history.^[5] During the 1980s, the series featured several high-profile action, adventure, and some science fiction-based storylines. Location shooting at sites including Mount Rushmore in South Dakota; Niagara Falls; Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tennessee; Atlantic City, New Jersey; Big Bear and Avalon (Catalina Island), California; and San Antonio, Texas are some that propelled the story.

After Gloria Monty first left the series in 1987, General Hospital entered into a transitional phase that lasted until Wendy Riche took the position of executive producer in 1992. Under Riche, the show gained critical acclaim for its sensitive handling of social issues. In 1994, Riche started an annual Nurses' Ball, a fundraiser and AIDS awareness event both on the show and in real life. Later that year, a heart transplant storyline involves the death of eight-year-old {{nowrap|B. J. Jones}} (daughter of Dr. Tony Jones and R.N. Bobbie Spencer) in a bus crash and the subsequent donation of her heart to her dying cousin Maxie Jones. Shortly afterwards, Monica Quartermaine (Leslie Charleson) begins a long battle with breast cancer, which leads to her adopting Emily Quartermaine, the orphaned young daughter of Monica's friend from treatment. General Hospital was also praised for the love story of teenagers Stone Cates (Michael Sutton) and Robin Scorpio (Kimberly McCullough). After a struggle that lasted throughout most of 1995, Stone dies from AIDS at the age of 19 and his death is followed by 17-year-old Robin having to deal with being HIV-positive as a result of their relationship. Sutton received a nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and McCullough won an Outstanding Younger Actress award. ABC featured an Afterschool Special "Positive: A Journey Into AIDS" revolving around the AIDS story as well as The New York Times best selling novel Robin's Diary.

On Saturday, December 14, 1996, General Hospital aired its one of three primetime episodes, Twist of Fate, which picked up where that Friday's episode had left off. The special centered on Laura's supposed death at the hands of Stefan Cassadine. In 1997, the show's long-rumored spin-off materialized into the half-hour serial, Port Charles. The series' 11,000th episode aired on February 20, 2006.^[11] On April 23, 2009, General Hospital became ABC's first regular daytime drama to be taped and broadcast in high definition, though the 2008 season of its primetime spinoff Night Shift was in high definition. This is the second daytime drama to move to high definition after CBS's The Young and the Restless. On February 23, 2010, the series aired its 12,000th episode.^[12] On December 1, 2011, ABC confirmed that former One Life to Live executive producer Frank Valentini and head writer Ron Carlivati would replace longtime executive producer Jill Farren-Phelps and Garin Wolf respectively, though Wolf would remain on as a regular writer. The change took effect on January 9, 2012.^[13] The first episode under the direction of Valentini aired on February 1, 2012, and Carlivati's material started airing on February 21, 2012. Several storylines reminiscent of iconic story arcs of the past were created and popular characters returned to the show in order to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the series in 2013.^[14] The serial celebrated 13,000 episodes on February 24, 2014,^[15] and marked its 51st anniversary on April 1, 2014.^[16] Also in January 2014, ABC renewed Carlivati's contract with the soap.^[17]^[18] The series marked its 52nd anniversary on April 1, 2015, with a special episode revolving around the Spencer family.^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]

In July 2015, it was revealed that Carlivati was fired as Head Writer, with Shelly Altman and Jean Passanante rehired as replacements.^[23] On September 16, 2016, Daytime Confidential reported that Valentini, Passanante and Altman re-signed with the show.^[24] On June 6, 2017, Passanante announced her decision to retire from the serial.^[25] On July 29, 2017, it was revealed through Passanante that breakdown writer Chris Van Etten will be promoted to co-head writer along with Altman as her replacement.^[26] On February 23, 2018, the serial aired its 14,000th episode.^[27]

Production summary

General Hospital has aired on ABC Television and has been filmed in Hollywood since its inception.

The show was filmed in the Sunset Gower Studios from 1963 to the mid-1980s. It relocated in the 1980s to The Prospect Studios, where it remains.

General Hospital has had a number of different distributors throughout the show's history, From its beginning until 1968, it was a co-production of ABC-Paramount and Selmur Productions. ABC would later buy the series outright in 1968 and its owner passed from Selmur to American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., ABC's old separate conglomerate. Ownership of the soap was then passed when the original ABC, Inc. merged with Capital Cities Communications in 1985 and it became Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. The show would change hands again when The Walt Disney Company bought Capital Cities/ABC in 1996 and Disney began to program the network and the soap in September 1997 where it remains to this day.

Cast

Characters

Though the series originally focused on solely the medical staff at Port Charles' General Hospital, and starred John Beradino as Dr. Steve Hardy and Emily McLaughlin as Nurse Jessie Brewer, the series branched out and began to focus more on the people and families of the town of Port Charles rather than those solely in the hospital.^[29]{{cbignore}}

Port Charles is full of "dysfunctional family dynamics...and family drama remains the focal point of this town."^[30]{{cbignore}} The current families on the show include the quarreling and wealthy Quartermaine family, the mobster crime Corinthos family, the middle class Scorpio/Jones family, the aristocratic Cassadine family, and the adventurous Spencer family.

Main crew members

Former notable crew members: Gloria Monty,^[32] Jill Farren Phelps, Robert Guza, Jr., Charles Pratt Jr., John William Corrington, Lewis Arlt, Lynda Myles, Alan Pultz, Judith Pinsker, Joseph Behar, Stephanie Braxton, Norma Monty, Frank South, Ralph Ellis, Shelley Curtis, Jean Passanante, Hope Harmel Smith, Michael Conforti, Michele Val Jean and Ron Carlivati.^[23]^[33]^[34]

Executive producers

Setting

Since the series began in 1963, Port Charles, New York, has been the setting for the show. The town exists in the same fictional universe as other soap opera settings such as Llanview (One Life to Live), Pine Valley (All My Children), New York City (Ryan's Hope), and Corinth (Loving). The same setting was also used for the show's spinoff Port Charles.

Accolades and recognition

In June 2009, TV Guide ranked "Luke and Laura's Wedding" #45 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes.^[36]

Broadcast history

During the 1960s, General Hospital earned decent ratings against the likes of To Tell the Truth and The Secret Storm on CBS, but there was a decline as the 1970s came, especially when NBC's Another World became highly popular. For two years, it also faced CBS' The Price Is Right, already a major hit. After continued mediocrity in the Nielsen ratings, ABC was prepared to cancel General Hospital, but decided to give it a second chance in 1978 when it expanded the show to a full hour, from an experimental 45 minutes. However, the expansion came with an ultimatum to the producers that they had six months to improve the show's ratings. Gloria Monty was hired as the new executive producer, and on her first day, she spent an extra $100,000 re-taping four episodes. A miracle occurred thanks to Monty and head writer Douglas Marland; the show became the most watched daytime drama by 1979, marking a rare instance of a daytime serial's comeback from near-extinction. During the wedding of Luke and Laura Spencer on November 17, 1981, about 30 million people tuned in to watch them exchange vows and be cursed by Elizabeth Taylor's Helena Cassadine (later played by Constance Towers).

From 1979 to 1988, General Hospital remained number one in the ratings, competing against two low-rated soaps on NBC -- Texas and Santa Barbara—and Guiding Light on CBS (although Guiding Light experienced a renaissance for a brief period in the middle of 1984, and became the #1 rated soap, briefly dethroning General Hospital from the top ratings spot). For the most part, however, General Hospital continued to triumph, even after the departure of popular actors Anthony Geary and Genie Francis in the mid-1980s. Although The Young and the Restless took General Hospital's place as the highest-rated serial in 1989, General Hospital continued to maintain excellent ratings.

Even at its peak in the 1980s, General Hospital had been pre-empted in at least two markets in the United States. With the show still number one in the Nielsens, WDTN in Dayton, Ohio pre-empted the series upon joining ABC in January 1980 in favor of Woody Woodpecker and Super Friends cartoons. Later, the station would air such shows as Hour Magazine, Geraldo and Maury in the show's time slot until September 2000, when the station's new owners, Sunrise Broadcasting (which purchased the station from Hearst Broadcasting two years prior), pulled Maury from the station's schedule, due to what it called "community standards", and brought General Hospital back to Dayton. In Vermont and Plattsburgh, WVNY dropped General Hospital from the schedule in the 1980s and would only bring it back in 1995. During that hiatus, General Hospital still aired on Montreal's CFCF-TV, whose signal was decently available in Vermont and Plattsburgh.

Ever since the 1991-1992 season of General Hospital, the show has had a steady decline in ratings. On and off, it would rank between third and fifth place in the Nielsen Ratings, with CBS's The Young And The Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful coming in first and second place, respectively. General Hospital remained in between third and fifth place in the ratings during that time and from late 1991 to 1996 All My Children held the title of ABC's highest rated soap. During the 1990s General Hospital was put up against competition such as CBS's As the World Turns and NBC's Days of Our Lives although neither show aired at the same time as General Hospital.

After months of speculation and cancellation rumors, Deadline Hollywood reported on April 11, 2012, that ABC quietly made the decision to keep General Hospital on the air and to cancel instead the lower-rated talk show The Revolution.^[37] On June 26, 2012, ABC officially announced that General Hospital would move to the 2 p.m. ET/PT timeslot starting on September 10, 2012, and that it would give the 3:00 p.m. hour back to its affiliates, as it was the recommended time slot for Katie Couric's new, ABC-syndicated talk show, Katie.^[38]

Encore episodes were shown every weeknight on the former cable channel SoapNet, with a marathon on Saturday and classic episodes at 4 A.M. EST and 5 A.M. (3.AM, 4 A.M. CST).

Schedule

ABC stations in the Mountain and Pacific time zones, and in Alaska and Hawaii follow a Central time zone schedule for daytime programming; thus, General Hospital is scheduled by the network to air at 1:00 pm in these areas.

Ratings history

Cultural influence

Parodies and references in other media

The popularity of General Hospital has gained it many parodies and references in other mainstream programs. For example:

Famous fans

Spinoffs and specials

The success of the long-running soap opera has had one sister serial, one spinoff in the United States, and two primetime spinoffs in the United States and the United Kingdom.

The Young Marrieds was ABC's first attempt at a sister serial for General Hospital. It ran for only two years, racking up a total of 380 episodes. Despite its moderate popularity, it was aired against CBS's top-rated The Edge of Night, which it could not compete against. The series finale aired on March 25, 1966, with the show's main protagonist contemplating suicide. It ended in a cliffhanger, leaving the audience wondering if the man had killed himself or not. The Young Marrieds was set in the fictional suburb of Queen's Point, which was considered by the writers to be a suburb of Port Charles.

The UK series General Hospital did not feature any characters from the American show, but was modeled after its format. It started as a half-hour program broadcast in the afternoons, which was unusual for British serials that normally aired in prime time. In 1975, it was expanded to an hour-long format and moved to Friday evenings.

Port Charles was a daytime drama that initially featured interns in a competitive medical school program,^[50] and was known for having more action actually in the hospital than General Hospital itself. It also included the characters of Scotty Baldwin. Serena Baldwin, Lucy Coe, Kevin Collins, and Karen Wexler, all of whom originally appeared as characters on General Hospital.^[50] As the show evolved, it tended more towards gothic intrigue, including supernatural elements such as vampires and life after death. It also switched formats from an open-ended daytime serial to 13-week story arcs known as "books", similar to Spanish language telenovelas.

On April 2, 1998, General Hospital aired a primetime special in celebration of the program's 35th anniversary. Hosted by Anthony Geary, the show focused and recapped on many popular storylines including Monica's breast cancer, BJ's death, and Stone's battle with HIV. This was the first anniversary special that was broadcast in primetime and that didn't include any of the current storyline.^[54]^[55]

On April 6, 2013, as part of the show's 50th anniversary commemoration, ABC's newsmagazine 20/20 aired General Hospital: The Real Soap Dish—a retrospective and behind-the-scenes special hosted by Katie Couric.^[56]

On September 5, 2014, it was announced that cast member Nancy Lee Grahn would begin to host a companion web series for ABC.com in January 2015, General Hospital Now!, which would feature behind-the-scenes interviews with fellow cast members, as well as panel discussions with comedians who are fans of the show.^[57]^[58]^[59]

On May 15 and 18, 2015, General Hospital aired two live episodes as part of its 52nd anniversary celebration, using the hashtag #GHLive to promote the broadcast on social media.^[60]

See also

References

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4. ^Wolf, Buck. "Luke and Laura: Still the Ultimate TV Wedding." ABC.com November 16, 2006.
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14. ^{{cite news|last=Logan|first=Michael|title=General Hospital's Nostalgic 50th Anniversary Plans|url=http://www.tvguide.com/News/General-Hospital-50th-Anniversary-Plans-1062932.aspx|accessdate=7 April 2013|newspaper=TV Guide|date=19 March 2013}}
15. ^{{cite web|last=Logan|first=Michael|title=Exclusive: Sneak Peek at General Hospital's 13,000th Episode|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/general-hospital-13000-episode-video-1077888.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=February 27, 2014|date=February 15, 2014}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://michaelfairmansoaps.com/news/general-hospital-brings-returnstrips-down-memory-lane-a-death-to-its-51st-anniversary-episode/2014/04/01/|title=GENERAL HOSPITAL Brings Returns, Trips Down Memory Lane & A Death To Its 51st Anniversary Episode!|date=April 1, 2014|first=Michael|last=Fairman|work=Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps|publisher=Michael Fairman Soaps, Inc|location=United States|accessdate=July 28, 2014}}
17. ^{{cite web|last1=Kroll|first1=Dan J|title=General Hospital to continue for another year|url=http://soapcentral.com/gh/news/2014/0123-renewed.php|publisher=Soapcentral.com|accessdate=September 16, 2016|location=United States|date=January 23, 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://michaelfairmansoaps.com/news/gh-head-writer-ron-carlivati-signs-new-contract-with-the-abc-soap/2014/01/23/|title=GH Head Writer Ron Carlivati Signs New Contract With The ABC Soap!|date=January 23, 2014|first=Michael|last=Fairman|work=Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps|accessdate=September 16, 2016}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://abc7.com/entertainment/general-hospital-goes-retro-for-52nd-anniversary/603491/|title="GENERAL HOSPITAL" GOES RETRO FOR 52ND ANNIVERSARY|work=KABC-TV|publisher=Disney/ABC|last=Pennacchio|first=George|date=April 1, 2015|accessdate=April 2, 2015}}
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23. ^¹²{{cite web|author=SOD|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/head-writer-switch-gh|title=HEAD WRITER SWITCH AT GH|work=Soap Opera Digest|publisher=American Media, Inc.|date=July 24, 2015|accessdate=July 24, 2015}}
24. ^{{cite web|last1=Giddens|first1=Jamey|url=http://daytimeconfidential.com/2016/09/16/frank-valentini-and-head-writers-re-up-at-general-hospital|title=Frank Valentini and Head Writers Re-Up at General Hospital|date=September 16, 2016|work=Daytime Confidential|publisher=Confidential Media (SAY Media)|accessdate=September 16, 2016}}
25. ^{{cite news|author1=SOD|title=GH Scribe Jean Passanante On Retirement: "It’s Just Time."|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/gh-scribe-jean-passanante-retirement-just-time/|accessdate=June 6, 2017|work=Soap Opera Digest|agency=Odyssey Magazine Publishing Group Inc.|publisher=American Media, Inc.|date=June 6, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606225434/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/gh-scribe-jean-passanante-retirement-just-time/|archivedate=June 6, 2017|location=United States}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.soapoperanetwork.com/2017/07/chris-van-etten-promoted-co-head-writer-gh|title=Chris Van Etten Promoted to Co-Head Writer at 'GH'|date=July 29, 2017|first=Errol|last=Lewis|work=Soap Opera Network|accessdate=July 29, 2017}}
27. ^¹²Various citations concerning the 14,000th episode of General Hospital* {{cite news|author=SOD|authorlink=Soap Opera Digest|title=GH Airs 14,000th Episode|url=https://www.soapoperadigest.com/photos/gh-airs-14000th-episode/|accessdate=February 23, 2018|work=Soap Opera Digest|agency=Odyssey Magazine Publishing Group Inc.|publisher=American Media, Inc.|date=February 23, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223191953/https://www.soapoperadigest.com/photos/gh-airs-14000th-episode/|archivedate=February 23, 2018|location=United States|deadurl=no}}* {{cite news|last=Eades|first=Chris|title=General Hospital Celebrates Its 14,000th Episode — See the Fun Backstage Pics!|url=http://www.abc.soapsindepth.com/posts/general-hospital-14000-episode-gallery-154535|accessdate=February 23, 2018|work=ABC Soaps In Depth|publisher=Bauer Media Group|date=February 23, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223192202/http://www.abc.soapsindepth.com/posts/general-hospital-14000-episode-gallery-154535|archivedate=February 23, 2018|location=United States|deadurl=no}}* {{cite web|last=Fairman|first=Michael|title=TODAY: General Hospital Airs Its 14,000 Episode!|url=http://michaelfairmansoaps.com/news/today-general-hospital-airs-its-14000-episode/2018/02/23/|website=On-Air On-Soaps|publisher=Michael Fairman Soaps, Inc.|accessdate=February 23, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223190927/http://michaelfairmansoaps.com/news/today-general-hospital-airs-its-14000-episode/2018/02/23/|archivedate=February 23, 2018|location=United States|date=February 23, 2018|deadurl=no}}
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29. ^{{cite web|url=http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital/timeline|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504094545/http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital/timeline|dead-url=yes|archive-date=May 4, 2013|title=General Hospital|publisher=beta.abc.go.com|accessdate=August 8, 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital/about|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107094500/http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital/about|dead-url=yes|archive-date=January 7, 2013|title=General Hospital|publisher=beta.abc.go.com|accessdate=August 8, 2016}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.soapoperanetwork.com/2017/07/chris-van-etten-promoted-co-head-writer-gh|title=Chris Van Etten Promoted to Co-Head Writer at 'GH'|date=July 29, 2017|first=Errol|last=Lewis|work=Soap Opera Network|publisher=Soap Opera Network, Inc.|location=New York City|accessdate=August 20, 2018}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=Gloria Monty, 84, Producer Who Resuscitated 'General Hospital'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/05/arts/television/05monty.html|accessdate=August 25, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 5, 2006|agency=Associated Press|page=21}}
33. ^{{cite news|author1=SOD|title=GH Scribe Jean Passanante On Retirement: "It’s Just Time."|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/gh-scribe-jean-passanante-retirement-just-time/|accessdate=August 18, 2018|work=Soap Opera Digest|agency=Odyssey Magazine Publishing Group Inc.|publisher=American Media, Inc.|date=June 6, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606225434/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/gh-scribe-jean-passanante-retirement-just-time/|archivedate=June 6, 2017|location=United States|deadurl=yes|df=}}
34. ^{{cite tweet|user=PFossil|first=Jean|last=Passanante|authorlink=Jean Passanante|number=890591563130298370|date=July 27, 2017|title=Today is my last day at #GH and I'm retiring from writing soaps -- at least for now. Love and respect to all of you who adore the genre.|link=https://twitter.com/PFossil/status/890591563130298370|accessdate=August 18, 2018}}
35. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://deadline.com/2016/05/daytime-emmy-awards-2016-live-blog-1201747439/|title=Daytime Emmy Awards Live Blog: 'General Hospital' Wins Outstanding Drama Series|website=Deadline Hollywood|accessdate=June 19, 2016|date=May 1, 2016|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|location=United States|first=Ross A.|last=Lincoln}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://rev-views.blogspot.com/2009/06/tv-guides-top-100-episodes.html|title=TV Guide's Top 100 Episodes|work=Rev/Views|location=United States|accessdate=July 4, 2016}}
37. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/04/abc-the-revolution-cancelled-general-hospital-renewed-gma-afternoon/ |title=ABC's The Revolution Cancelled, General Hospital Renewed |work=Deadline Hollywood |accessdate=April 11, 2012 |date=April 11, 2012}}
38. ^{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2012/06/general-hospital-to-move-to-new-2-pm-slot-on-september-10-292479/|title='General Hospital' To Move To New 2 PM Slot On September 10|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2012-06-26|work=Deadline|access-date=2018-10-10|language=en-US}}
39. ^{{cite web|last1=Lewis |first1=Errol |title=General Hospital Time Slot Switch: The Affected Stations Fall Afternoon Lineups |url=http://www.soapoperanetwork.com/2014/08/general-hospital-time-slot-switch-affected-station-fall-afternoon-lineups |website=Soap Opera Network |publisher=Manti, Inc. |accessdate=April 6, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821042044/http://www.soapoperanetwork.com/2014/08/general-hospital-time-slot-switch-affected-station-fall-afternoon-lineups |archivedate=August 21, 2014 |location=United States |date=August 19, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}
40. ^{{cite web|last1=Fairman|first1=Michael|title=MONDAY: General Hospital Is On The Move With Its Timeslot Change In 8 Major Markets!|url=http://michaelfairmansoaps.com/news/monday-general-hospital-is-on-the-move-with-its-timeslot-change-in-8-major-markets/2014/09/05/|work=Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps|accessdate=April 6, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908223447/http://michaelfairmansoaps.com/news/monday-general-hospital-is-on-the-move-with-its-timeslot-change-in-8-major-markets/2014/09/05/|archivedate=September 8, 2014|location=United States|date=September 5, 2014}}
41. ^{{cite news|author1=SOD|title=GH'S TIME SLOT CHANGE TAKES PLACE TODAY!|url=http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/ghs-time-slot-change-takes-place-today|accessdate=April 6, 2015|work=Soap Opera Digest|agency=American Media|date=September 8, 2014}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=At a Ripe 25, 'Hospital' Is Healthy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/02/arts/at-a-ripe-25-hospital-is-healthy.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=nytimes.com|accessdate=December 19, 2012|agency=Associated Press|date=April 2, 1988}}
43. ^{{cite episode| title=Latest Soap Opera News | url = http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/340894/july-06-2010/latest-soap-opera-news?xrs=share_copy | series=The Colbert Report | serieslink = | credits = Stephen Colbert| network = Comedy Central| airdate = July 6, 2012| minutes = 0:00:50 }}
44. ^{{cite web|title=1997 Daytime Emmys - GH Montage|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxIf6RHfEBE|website=YouTube|accessdate=23 March 2018}}
45. ^{{cite web|title=Big Pussy comes to 'General Hospital'|url=http://sn.soapnet.go.com/news/article/big-pussy-comes-to-general-hospital|work=SOAPnet|publisher=sn.soapnet.go.com|accessdate=November 18, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234316/http://sn.soapnet.go.com/news/article/big-pussy-comes-to-general-hospital|archivedate=November 10, 2013|df=mdy-all}}
46. ^{{cite news|last=O'Connell|first=Andy|title=General Hospital|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KSAaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LSQEAAAAIBAJ&dq=scotty-baldwin%20general-hospital&pg=4182%2C1914048|accessdate=December 31, 2012|newspaper=Times-News|date=November 17, 1981|agency=Associated Press}}
47. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-10-24-luke-and-laura_x.htm | work=USA Today | title=Luke, Laura together again | date=October 24, 2006 | accessdate=May 3, 2010}}
48. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://pardcast.com/premiumGuest.php|title=Never Not Funny|publisher=}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://pardcast.com/blog/?p=774|title=Never Not Funny|publisher=}}
50. ^¹{{cite news|title='GH' spawns spinoff 'Port Charles'|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nj06AAAAIBAJ&sjid=6KYFAAAAIBAJ&dq=scotty-baldwin%20general-hospital&pg=4525%2C623818|accessdate=December 31, 2012|newspaper=Reading Eagle|date=June 1, 1997|author=Tribune Media Services}}
51. ^"GH Spinoff Planned For SOAPnet." - SoapCentral.com February 12, 2007.
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53. ^{{cite web|url=http://despairintheafternoon.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/twist-of-fate/|title=The Best of S&B: "Twist of Fate"|work=despairintheafternoon|last=Tenillypo|first=|date=September 3, 2009|accessdate=December 5, 2014}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.buddytv.com/general-hospital/season-35/35th-anniversary-special-66.aspx|title=GENERAL HOSPITAL|work=buddytv.com|date=|accessdate=December 5, 2014}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/tv/show/48353/General-Hospital-35th-Anniversary-Show/overview|title=General Hospital 35th Anniversary Show|work=New York Times|date=|accessdate=December 5, 2014}}
56. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelguidemag.com/tv-news/2013/03/22/katie-couric-2020-special-general-hospital/|title=Katie Couric special goes behind the scenes of General Hospital|date=2013-03-22|website=Channel Guide Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-10}}
57. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.soapoperanetwork.com/2014/12/nancy-lee-grahn-hosted-general-hospital-now-hits-abc-com-beginning-january-2015|title=Nancy Lee Grahn Hosted 'General Hospital Now' Hits ABC.com Beginning January 2015|date=2014-12-02|website=Soap Opera Network|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-10}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.soapoperanetwork.com/2014/10/coming-soon-general-hospital-now-hosted-nancy-lee-grahn|title=COMING SOON: ‘General Hospital Now’ Hosted by Nancy Lee Grahn|work=Soap Opera Network|last=Lewis|first=Errol|date=October 1, 2014|accessdate=December 5, 2014}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://soaps.sheknows.com/generalhospital/news/id/40047/General_Hospitals_Nancy_Lee_Grahns_General_Hospita/|title=General Hospital's Nancy Lee Grahn's General Hospital Now.|work=soaps.sheknows.com|date=December 1, 2014|accessdate=December 5, 2014}}
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