| 词条 | George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney |
| 释义 |
| name =The Earl of Orkney | image =1stEarlOfOrkney.jpg | image_size =200 | caption =The 1st Earl of Orkney | birth_date ={{birth date|df=y|1666|02|9}} | death_date ={{Death date and age|df=y|1737|01|29|1666|02|9}} | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial =Taplow Court, Buckinghamshire | birth_place =Hamilton Palace, South Lanarkshire | death_place =London, England | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance={{flag|Kingdom of Scotland}} {{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} | branch= Royal Scots Army {{army|United Kingdom}} | serviceyears = | rank =Field Marshal | unit = | commands = | battles ={{unbulleted list| Williamite War in Ireland | Nine Years' War | War of the Spanish Succession}} | awards =Knight of the Order of the Thistle | relations = | spouse = Elizabeth Villiers | children = {{plainlist|
}} | laterwork = }} Field Marshal George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, KT (9 February 1666 – 29 January 1737), styled Lord George Hamilton from 1666 to 1696, was a British soldier and Scottish nobleman and the first British Army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. After commanding a regiment for the cause of William of Orange during the Williamite War in Ireland, he commanded a regiment in the Low Countries during the Nine Years' War. He then led the final assault at the Battle of Blenheim attacking the village churchyard with eight battalions of men and then receiving the surrender of its French defenders during the War of the Spanish Succession. He also led the charge of fifteen infantry battalions in an extremely bloody assault on the French entrenchments at the Battle of Malplaquet. In later life he became a Lord of the Bedchamber to George I and was installed as Governor of Edinburgh Castle. Early lifeBorn the son of William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk and Anne, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton, Hamilton was commissioned into the His Majesty's Royal Regiment of Foot, a regiment for which his uncle, Lord Dumbarton, held the colonelcy, on 9 May 1684.[1] Military careerIreland and the Low CountriesHamilton became a lieutenant colonel of Lloyd's Regiment of Enniskillen Foot in June 1689 and, having been promoted to brevet colonel, commanded the regiment at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, at the Siege of Athlone in June 1691 and at the Battle of Aughrim, where he was wounded, in July 1691 during the Williamite War in Ireland.[2] He also commanded the regiment at the Siege of Limerick in October 1691 and then became colonel of the Royal Fusiliers in January 1692 before fighting with that regiment at the Battle of Steenkerque in August 1692 in the Low Countries during the Nine Years' War.[2] Rewarded with the colonelcy of the 1st Regiment of Foot in late 1692, he participated in further battles in Ireland before returning to the continent to fight at the Battle of Landen in July 1693 and at the Siege of Namur, where he was wounded, in July 1695 during the latter stages of the Nine Years' War.[2] On 3 January 1696 Hamilton was created Earl of Orkney, Viscount Kirkwall and Baron Dechmont in the Scottish peerage.[2] Shortly thereafter he acquired the estates of Taplow Court and Cliveden.[2] He became Governor of Virginia in 1698 but appears never to have visited the colony.[3] War of the Spanish SuccessionPromoted to major general on 9 March 1702, Hamilton fought under John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough at the Siege of Stevensweert in October 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession.[3] Promoted to lieutenant general on 1 January 1704, he was appointed a Knight of the Order of the Thistle later that year.[1] He led the final assault at the Battle of Blenheim attacking the village churchyard with eight battalions of men and then receiving the surrender of its French defenders in August 1704.[3] After marching his column from the Moselle, he relieved the besieged city of Liège in June 1705.[3] Hamilton led a diversion at the Battle of Ramillies but turned the manoeuvre into a highly successful assault, from which he had to withdraw before leading the relentless pursuit of the defeated French troops in May 1706.[3] He also took part in the Siege of Menin in July 1706 and then played a major role at the Battle of Oudenarde in July 1708.[3] He also saw action at the passage of the Scheldt in November 1708, fought at the Siege of Tournai in June 1709 and led the charge of fifteen infantry battalions in an extremely bloody assault on the French entrenchments at the Battle of Malplaquet in September 1709.[3] Promoted to general of foot in 1710, Hamilton was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire in 1711.[4] He returned to the continent in 1712 and continued to serve in the Army commanded by the Duke of Ormonde besieging Douai and then Bouchain until 1713.[5] Later lifeHamilton became a Lord of the Bedchamber to George I and was installed as Governor of Edinburgh Castle in 1714.[1] He also sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer.[6] Promoted to field marshal (the first ever promotion to this rank) on 31 January 1735,[7] he commissioned the building of a temple at his Buckinghamshire home, Cliveden, by the architect Giacomo Leoni later that year.[8] Hamilton died at his home at Albemarle Street in London on 29 January 1737 and was buried at Taplow Court.[3] In 1733 Michael Rysbrack, a sculptor from Antwerp, carved a marble bust of Hamilton in the form of a Roman centurion. As a boy, Rysbrack would have witnessed Hamilton's unopposed entry into Antwerp shortly after his victory at Ramillies. The bust is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum.[9] FamilyIn 1695 Hamilton married Elizabeth Villiers, a former mistress of William III; they had three daughters:[10]
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12069?docPos=4|title=George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney|work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=29 July 2014}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 Heathcote, p. 165 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Heathcote, p. 166 4. ^Balfour-Paul, vol 6, p. 579 5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=4988|page=1|date=5 April 1712}} 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=6054|page=1|date=24 April 1722}} 7. ^{{London Gazette|issue=7476|page=1|date=27 January 1735}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.clivedenhouse.co.uk/hotel/estate-and-gardens1.aspx|title=Estate and Gardens: Cliveden National Trust Estate|publisher=National Trust|accessdate=29 July 2014}} 9. ^Wilson, pp. 43–61 10. ^Mosley, vol. 2, p. 2,096 Sources
Further reading
As Countess of Orkney }}{{s-mil}}{{s-bef | before=The Duke of Marlborough}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonel of The Ordnance Regiment | years=January 1692 – July 1692}}{{s-aft | after=Edward Fitzpatrick}} |-{{succession box | title = Colonel of His Majesty's Royal Regiment of Foot | before = Sir Robert Douglas | after = James St Clair | years = 1692–1737}}{{s-bef | before=The Duke of Argyll}}{{s-ttl | title=Governor of Edinburgh Castle | years=1714–1737}}{{s-aft | after=The Earl of Selkirk}}{{s-end}}{{VAColonialGov}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Orkney, George Hamilton, 1st Earl Of}} 17 : 1666 births|1737 deaths|Knights of the Thistle|Royal Scots officers|British field marshals|Scottish representative peers|People associated with Orkney|Earls of Orkney|Colonial governors of Virginia|Scottish soldiers|Scottish generals|British Army generals|British army commanders in the War of the Spanish Succession|House of Douglas and Angus|British military personnel of the Nine Years' War|Williamite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland|Peers of Scotland created by William II |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。