| 词条 | George Murray (British Army officer) |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = Sir George Murray | honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|GCH|FRS}} | image = General George Murray (1772-1846), by John Hoppner.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = George Murray portrait by John Hoppner RA | order1 = Secretary of State for War and the Colonies | term_start1 = 30 May 1828 | term_end1 = 22 November 1830 | monarch1 = George IV William IV | primeminister1 = The Duke of Wellington | predecessor1 = William Huskisson | successor1 = The Viscount Goderich | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1772|02|6}} | birth_place = Perth, Perthshire | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1846|07|28|1772|02|6}} | death_place = Belgrave Square, London | nationality = British | party = Tory | alma_mater = | spouse = }} Sir George Murray {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|GCH|FRS}} (6 February 1772 – 28 July 1846) was a British soldier and politician from Scotland. Background and educationMurray was born in Perth, Scotland, the second son of Sir William Murray, of Ochtertyre, 5th Baronet (see Murray Baronets), and was educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh.[1] His mother was Lady Augusta Mackenzie, youngest daughter of the Jacobite George, 3rd Earl of Cromartie. His elder brother was Sir Patrick Murray, 6th Baronet. Military careerIn 1789, Murray obtained a commission into the 71st Foot,[1] reaching the rank of captain in 1794, and saw service in Flanders (1794–95),[1] the West Indies, England and Ireland. In 1799 he was made a lieutenant-colonel, entering the Quartermaster General's Department and making his considerable reputation as Quartermaster General (1808–11) during the Peninsular War, under the Duke of Wellington, and receiving promotion to Colonel in 1809.[1] After a brief period as Quartermaster General in Ireland, Murray returned to the Peninsular Campaign as Major-General (1813–14), and was invested with the Order of the Bath in 1813.[1] During the Peninsular War he was present at the battles of A Coruña, Talavera, Busaco, Fuentes de Oñoro, Vittoria, Nivelle, Nive, Orthez and Toulouse. His Peninsular Gold Medal had six clasps - only the Duke of Wellington, with nine clasps, Sir Dennis Pack and Lord Beresford, with seven each, had more clasps to their medal.[2] He was briefly in Canada from December 1814 to May 1815 where he was appointed provisional Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada and reviewed the country's defences.[1] He quickly returned to Europe following Napoleon's escape from Elba, but arrived too late to take part in the Battle of Waterloo. After the cessation of hostilities, Murray was based in France as Chief of Staff to the Army of Occupation and, thereafter, he was appointed Governor of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1819.[1] He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Oxford in 1820 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1824. In 1825 he married Lady Louisa Erskine, widow of Sir James Erskine of Torrie (1772–1825). Subsequently, he was made Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance and then Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, but in 1828 he resigned the position and became Colonial Secretary.[1] He was later Master-General of the Ordnance from 1834[3] to 1835 and again between 1841 and 1846.[1] Political careerMurray was a Tory and later Conservative in politics. He was Member of Parliament for Perthshire from 1824–1832 and from 1834 until he retired in 1835. He served as Secretary of State for War and the Colonies from 1828 to 1830.[1] He also contested Westminster in 1837 and Manchester in both 1839 and 1841, without success. Other public appointmentsMurray was also President of the Royal Geographical Society (1833–35) and Governor of Edinburgh Castle. On 7 September 1829 he was appointed Governor of Fort George.[4] Personal lifeMurray was married to Lady Louisa Erskine (née Paget) (1777-1842), widow of Lieutenant General Sir James Erskine (1772-1825), and sister of his fellow general, Henry, Lord Anglesey; they had one daughter, Louise Georgina. Murray died in July 1846, aged 74, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery, London. His substantial papers and maps were given to the National Library of Scotland by a great-niece in 1913. LegacyThe Memorials to Governors in the Chapel of the present-day Royal Military Academy Sandhurst include: In Memory of General the Right Hon. Sir George Murray, G.C.B., G.C H., Colonel ist Royal Regiment of Foot. Died 28 July 1846, aged 74. He served in Holland, Egypt, Syria, the West Indies, Denmark, and Sweden ; wsLS Q.M.G. in the Peninsula; Commander-in-Chief in Canada; Chief of the Staff of the Army of Occupation in France ; Commander of the Forces in Ireland, and twice Master-General of the Ordnance. He was Governor of this College from 1819 to 1824. [5]The Murray River and Mount Murray in eastern Australia, the Murray River and Murray County in Western Australia, were named after him. Places in Hong Kong named after him include: Murray House, one of the oldest surviving public buildings in Hong Kong, Murray Building, Murray Road, Murray Road Multi-storey Car Park Building and the former Murray Barracks. The city of Perth, Western Australia was named in his honour after his parliamentary constituency Perthshire.[6] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dictionary of Canadian Biography on-line 2. ^[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-wGSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA255&dq=%22the+british+army+against+napoleon%22+burnham+medals&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rDtzVYPAPIiU7AbI2IOADA&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22the%20british%20army%20against%20napoleon%22%20burnham%20medals&f=false Bob Burnham: The British Army Against Napoleon, p259] 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=19222|page=2285|date=19 December 1834}} 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=18614|page=1766|date=25 September 1829}} 5. ^Major Augustus F. Mockler-Ferryman F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. `Annals of Sandhurst : a chronicle of the Royal Military College from its foundation to the present day, with a sketch of the history of the Staff College` (London: William Heinemann, 1900) 6. ^{{cite book | last1 = Bolton | first1 = Geoffrey | authorlink1 = Geoffrey Bolton | title = The Origins of Australia's Capital Cities | chapter = Perth: A Foundling City | editors = Pamela Statham | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1989 | location = Melbourne | page = 142 | isbn = 0 521 36242 3}}
External links{{wikisource author}}
|-{{s-mil}}{{s-new | regiment}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonel of the 7th Battalion, 60th Regiment of Foot | years=1817–1823}}{{s-non | reason=Battalion disbanded}} |-{{s-bef | before=The Lord Hill}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonel of the 72nd Regiment of Foot | years=1817–1823}}{{s-aft | after=Sir John Hope}}{{s-bef|before=Sir Alexander Hope}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst|years=1819–1824}}{{s-aft|after=Sir Alexander Hope}}{{s-bef | before=The Earl of Hopetoun}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonel of the 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot | years=1823–1843}}{{s-aft | after=Sir John Macdonald}} |-{{succession box | title=Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance | before=The Viscount Beresford | after=Sir William Henry Clinton | years=1824–1825}} |-{{succession box | title=Commander-in-Chief, Ireland | before=The Viscount Combermere | after=Sir John Byng | years=1825–1828}}{{s-bef | before=Sir David Baird}}{{s-ttl | title=Governor of Inverness | years=1829–1833}}{{s-non | reason=Office abolished}}{{s-bef | before=The Lord Lynedoch}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonel of the 1st, or The Royal Regiment of Foot | years=1843–1846}}{{s-aft | after=Sir James Kempt}}{{s-off}}{{succession box|title=Secretary of State for War and the Colonies | before=William Huskisson | after=The Viscount Goderich | years=1828–1830}}{{succession box|title=Master-General of the Ordnance | before=Sir James Kempt | after=Sir Richard Hussey Vivian, Bt | years=1834–1835}}{{succession box|title=Master-General of the Ordnance | before=Sir Hussey Vivian, Bt | after=The Marquess of Anglesey | years=1841–1846}}{{s-end}}{{ONLG}}{{RGSPresidents}}{{First Peel Ministry}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Murray, George}} 37 : 1772 births|1846 deaths|People from Perth, Scotland|People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars|British Army personnel of the Peninsular War|Recipients of the Army Gold Cross|British Army generals|Commanders-in-Chief, Ireland|Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912)|Fellows of the Royal Society|Governors of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order|Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Members of the Privy Council of Ireland|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies|Politics of Perth and Kinross|Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society|Secretaries of State for War and the Colonies|UK MPs 1820–26|UK MPs 1826–30|UK MPs 1830–31|UK MPs 1831–32|UK MPs 1832–35|Younger sons of baronets|71st Highlanders officers|Commandants of Sandhurst|Black Watch officers|King's Royal Rifle Corps officers|Royal Scots officers|Seaforth Highlanders officers|Recipients of the Order of the Red Eagle|Commanders of the Order of the Tower and Sword|Recipients of the Military Order of Max Joseph |
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