| 词条 | Georgia Harkness |
| 释义 |
| name = Georgia Harkness | image = Dr. Georgia E. Harkness.jpg | alt = | caption = Harkness, {{circa|1953}} | birth_name = Georgia Elma Harkness | birth_date = {{birth date|1891|04|21}} | birth_place = Harkness, New York, US | death_date = {{death date and age|1974|08|21|1891|04|21}} | death_place = Claremont, California, US | residence = | home_town = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | awards = | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list | Cornell University | Boston University}} | thesis_title = The Philosophy of Thomas Hill Green, with Special Reference to the Relations Between Ethics and the Philosophy of Religion | thesis_year = 1923 | school_tradition = {{hlist | Boston personalism (early career){{sfn|Dorrien|2003|p=390}} | Methodism | theological liberalism{{sfn|Miles|2010b|pp=1–2}}}} | doctoral_advisor = Edgar S. Brightman | academic_advisors = {{hlist | William Ernest Hocking{{sfn|Miles|2010a|p=27}} | Alfred North Whitehead{{sfn|Miles|2010a|p=27}}}} | influences = {{hlist | James Edwin Creighton | Friedrich Schleiermacher{{sfn|Tunstall|2014|p=96}} | Paul Tillich{{sfn|Miles|2010c|pp=69–70}} | Alfred North Whitehead{{sfn|Miles|2010c|p=70}}}} | discipline = {{hlist | Theology | philosophy}} | sub_discipline = | workplaces = {{unbulleted list | Elmira College | Mount Holyoke College | Garrett Biblical Institute | Pacific School of Religion}} | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | main_interests = | notable_works = | notable_ideas = | influenced = | signature = | signature_alt = }} Georgia Elma Harkness (1891–1974) was an American Methodist theologian and philosopher. Harkness has been described as one of the first significant American female theologians and was important in the movement to legalize the ordination of women in American Methodism. Harkness was born on April 21, 1891, in Harkness, New York, a town named after her grandfather, to J. Warren and Lillie (née Merrill) Harkness.{{sfn|Keller|2005|p=1024}} In 1912, she completed her undergraduate education at Cornell University, which had begun admitting women in 1872.{{sfn|Keller|2005|pp=1024–1025}} At Cornell, she came under the influence of James Edwin Creighton.{{sfn|Keller|2005|pp=1024–1025}} She spent several years as a high school teacher before enrolling at Boston University, from which she would receive a Master of Religious Education degree and a Master of Arts degree in philosophy in 1920.{{sfn|Keller|2005|p=1025}} She completed her doctoral studies in philosophy at Boston University in 1923 with the submission of a dissertation titled The Philosophy of Thomas Hill Green, with Special Reference to the Relations Between Ethics and the Philosophy of Religion, which was written under the supervision of the Boston personalist philosopher Edgar S. Brightman.{{sfnm |1a1=Harkness |1y=1923 |2a1=Keller |2y=2005 |2p=1025 |3a1=Moore |3y=2015 |3pp=137–138}} Harkness served on the faculty of Elmira College from 1923 to 1937 and of Mount Holyoke College from 1937 to 1939.{{sfn|Keller|2005|p=1026}} Professor of applied theology at Garrett Biblical Institute (1939–1950) and the Pacific School of Religion (1950–1961), she was the first woman to obtain full professorship in an American theological seminary,{{sfn|Stulken|1981|p=512}} and became a leading figure in the modern ecumenical movement.{{sfn|VanGilder|2016|p=1043}} She became the first female member of the American Theological Society.{{sfn|Dorrien|2003|p=357}} Harkness had an affinity for ministry through poetry and the arts. Her theological interests centered on the influence of the ecumenical church, eschatology, applied theological thought, and a desire for all persons to understand the Christian faith. She made clear a distaste for the doctrine of original sin, saying that "the sooner it disappears, the better it is for theology."{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Harkness died on August 21, 1974, in Claremont, California.{{sfn|Keller|2005|p=1028}} Published works
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1921 |title=The Church and the Immigrant }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1937 |title=Religious Living |location=New York |publisher=Association Press |oclc=1055005374 }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1945 |title=The Dark Night of the Soul |location=New York |publisher=Abingdon-Cokesbury Press }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1947 |title=Understanding Christian Faith |location=New York |publisher=Abingdon-Cokesbury Press }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1952 |title=The Modern Rival of Christian Faith: An Analysis of Secularism |location=New York |publisher=Abingdon-Cokesbury Press }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1954 |title=Sources of Western Morality: From Primitive Society Through the Beginning of Christianity |location=New York |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1954 |orig-year=1952 |title=Toward Understanding the Bible |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050130133012/http://www.religion-online.org/showchapter.asp?title=562&C=682 |location=New York |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1957 |title=Christian Ethics |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050218225457/http://www.religion-online.org/showbook.asp?title=802 |publisher=Abingdon Press }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1959 |title=The Gospel and Our World |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050217212039/http://www.religion-online.org/showbook.asp?title=575 |location=New York |publisher=Abingdon Press }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1960 |title=The Providence of God }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1961 |title=Beliefs That Count |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050217211548/http://www.religion-online.org/showbook.asp?title=582 |location=Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Graded Press }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1968 |orig-year=1948 |title=Prayer and the Common Life |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050217211407/http://www.religion-online.org/showbook.asp?title=571 |location=New York |publisher=Abingdon-Cokesbury Press }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1969 |title=Grace Abounding |location=Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-0-687-15659-7 }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1971 |title=The Ministry of Reconciliation |location=Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-0-687-27048-4 }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1972 |title=Women in Church and Society: A Historical and Theological Inquiry |location=Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-0-687-45965-0 }}
|last=Harkness |first=Georgia |display-authors=0 |year=1974 |title=Understanding the Kingdom of God |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050217211520/http://www.religion-online.org/showbook.asp?title=577 |location=Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-0-687-42864-9 }} See also{{Portal|Biography|Methodism}}
ReferencesFootnotesBibliography{{refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}{{cite book |last=Dorrien |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Dorrien |year=2003 |title=The Making of American Liberal Theology: Idealism, Realism, and Modernity, 1900–1950 |location=Louisville, Kentucky |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-22355-7 |ref=harv }} {{cite thesis |last=Harkness |first=Georgia Elma |year=1923 |title=The Philosophy of Thomas Hill Green, with Special Reference to the Relations Between Ethics and the Philosophy of Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophyofthom00hark |type=PhD dissertation |location=Boston |publisher=Boston University |access-date=February 1, 2019 |ref=harv }} {{cite encyclopedia |last=Keller |first=Rosemary Skinner |year=2005 |title=Harkness, Georgia Elma (1891–1974) |editor-last=Shook |editor-first=John R. |encyclopedia=The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers |volume=2 |location=Bristol, England |publisher=Thoemmes Continuum |pages=1024–1029 |isbn=978-1-84371-037-0 |ref=harv }} {{cite book |contributor-last=Miles |contributor-first=Rebekah |contribution=Conflicts in Religious Thought (1929): Section Preface |last=Harkness |first=Georgia |year=2010a |editor-last=Miles |editor-first=Rebekah |title=Georgia Harkness: The Remaking of a Liberal Theologian |location=Louisville, Kentucky |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |pages=26ff |isbn=978-0-664-22667-1 |ref=harv }} {{cite book |contributor-last=Miles |contributor-first=Rebekah |contributor-mask={{long dash}} |contribution=Introduction: Liberalism as 'the Centrum of American Theology' |last=Harkness |first=Georgia |year=2010b |editor-last=Miles |editor-first=Rebekah |title=Georgia Harkness: The Remaking of a Liberal Theologian |location=Louisville, Kentucky |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |pages=1–6 |isbn=978-0-664-22667-1 |ref=harv }} {{cite book |contributor-last=Miles |contributor-first=Rebekah |contributor-mask={{long dash}} |contribution=The Recovery of Ideals (1937): Section Preface |last=Harkness |first=Georgia |year=2010c |editor-last=Miles |editor-first=Rebekah |title=Georgia Harkness: The Remaking of a Liberal Theologian |location=Louisville, Kentucky |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |pages=69–71 |isbn=978-0-664-22667-1 |ref=harv }} {{cite book |last=Moore |first=Rebecca |year=2015 |title=Women in Christian Traditions |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-1-4798-2961-3 |ref=harv }} {{cite book |last=Stulken |first=Marilyn Kay |year=1981 |title=Hymnal Companion to the Lutheran Book of Worship |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Fortress Press |ref=harv }} {{cite book |last=Tunstall |first=Dwayne A. |year=2014 |chapter=Affirming Personality, Criticizing Impersonalism, and Experiencing the Devine: The Schleiermachian Themes that Influenced Boston Personalism |editor1-last=Wilcox |editor1-first=Jeffrey A. |editor2-last=Tice |editor2-first=Terrence N. |editor3-last=Kelsey |editor3-first=Catherine L. |title=Schleiermacher's Influences on American Thought and Religious Life (1835–1920) |volume=2 |location=Eugene, Oregon |publisher=Pickwick Publications |pages=94–110 |isbn=978-1-60608-005-4 |ref=harv }} {{cite encyclopedia |last=VanGilder |first=Kirk |year=2016 |title=Harkness, Georgia |editor1-last=Kurian |editor1-first=George Thomas |editor2-last=Lamport |editor2-first=Mark A. |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States |volume=5 |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |pages=1043–1044 |isbn=978-1-4422-4432-0 |ref=harv }}{{refend}} Further reading{{refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}{{cite magazine |last=Frakes |first=Margaret |year=1952 |title=Theology Is Her Province |magazine=The Christian Century |volume=69 |issue=39 |pages=1088–1091 |issn=0009-5281 }} {{cite magazine |last=Harkness |first=Georgia |year=1939 |title=A Spiritual Pilgrimage |magazine=The Christian Century |volume=56 |issue=11 |pages=348–3351 |issn=0009-5281 }} {{cite book |last=Keller |first=Rosemary Skinner |year=1992 |title=Georgia Harkness: For Such a Time as This |location=Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-0-687-13276-8 }} {{cite book |last=Langford |first=Thomas A. |year=1998 |title=Practical Divinity: Theology in the Wesleyan Tradition |edition=rev. |location=Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-0-687-07382-5 }} {{cite journal |last=Moore |first=Mary Elizabeth Mullino |author-link=Mary Elizabeth Moore |year=1993 |title=To Search and to Witness: Theological Agenda of Georgia Harkness |url=https://www.gbhem.org/sites/default/files/vol13no3fall1993.pdf |journal=Quarterly Review |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=3–23 |issn=0270-9287 |access-date=February 2, 2019 }}{{refend}} External links
21 : 1891 births|1974 deaths|20th-century American philosophers|20th-century American theologians|20th-century Methodists|20th-century Protestant theologians|American Christian pacifists|American Christian theologians|American Methodist hymnwriters|American people of Scotch-Irish descent|American United Methodists|American women non-fiction writers|American women philosophers|Boston University School of Theology alumni|Cornell University alumni|Methodist philosophers|Methodist theologians|People in Christian ecumenism|Philosophers from New York (state)|Women Christian theologians|Women hymnwriters |
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