| 词条 | German People's Party | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = German People's Party | native_name = Deutsche Volkspartei | logo = German People's Party.svg | colorcode = {{German People's Party/meta/color}} | leader = Gustav Stresemann | foundation = {{start date|df=y|1918|12|15}} | dissolution = {{end date|df=y|1933|7|4}} | predecessor = National Liberal Party | merged = Free Democratic Party (not legal successor) | headquarters = Berlin | membership = 800,000[1] | membership_year = 1920 | ideology = National liberalism[2][3][4] Civic nationalism[5] Conservative liberalism[6] {{nowrap|Constitutional monarchism[5]}} Economic liberalism[6][7] | position = Centre-right (before 1929) Centre-right to Right-wing (after 1929) | international = None | colors = {{color box|{{German People's Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} Azure (customary) {{color box|#000000|border=darkgray}} Black {{color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} White {{color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} Red (imperial colors) | country = Germany }} The German People's Party ({{lang-de|Deutsche Volkspartei}}, or DVP) was a national liberal party in Weimar Germany and a successor to the National Liberal Party of the German Empire. A right-wing liberal[8][9] or conservative-liberal[10][11][12] party, its most famous member was Chancellor and Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann, a 1926 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. IdeologyIt was essentially the main body of the old National Liberal Party (mostly its centre and right-wing factions) combined with some of the more moderate elements of the Free Conservative Party and the Economic Union[13] and was formed in the early days of the Weimar Republic by Stresemann. During the Weimar Republic, it was one of two large liberal parties in Germany, the other being the left-liberal German Democratic Party. The party was generally thought to represent the interests of the great German industrialists. Its platform stressed Christian family values, secular education, lower tariffs, opposition to welfare spending and agrarian subsidies and hostility to Marxism (that is, the Communists and also the Social Democrats). It only grudgingly accepted the republic and as such was initially part of the national opposition to the Weimar Coalition. However, Stresemann gradually led it into cooperation with the parties of the centre and the left. The party wielded an influence on German politics beyond its numbers as Stresemann was the Weimar Republic's only statesman of international standing. He served as Foreign Minister continuously from 1923 until his death in 1929 in nine governments (one of which he briefly headed in 1923) ranging from the centre-right to the centre-left. Despite Stresemann's international standing, he was never really trusted by his own party, large elements of which never really accepted the republic. After Stresemann's death, the DVP veered sharply to the right.[14] HistoryThe party's dispute with the Social Democrats in 1930 over unemployment benefits toppled the Grand Coalition government of Hermann Müller. In the election of September 1930, the DVP was one of the biggest losers, losing 15 of its 45 parliamentary seats. The party's rightward turn accelerated soon afterward and many of its more liberal members resigned. It began angling for a coalition of all national parties--including the Nazis. The party saw further losses in the July 1932 election, falling to only seven seats. In a desperate bid to save the party, chairman Eduard Dingeldey entered a pact with Germany's largest conservative party (the German National People's Party) and put forward a joint list in the November 1932 election, but it only netted four more seats and nearly all of its remaining liberals resigned. The DVP broke the pact soon afterward, but this was not nearly enough to stave off collapse in the March 1933 election in which it was reduced to only two seats. After the passage of the Enabling Act of 1933, the party was subjected to increased harassment. In particular, civil servants resigned in droves out of fear for their jobs. Dingeldey fended off calls to merge with the Nazis only with difficulty. However, the harassment against the party grew to the point that Dingeldey was forced to dissolve the party on 4 July out of fear for its remaining members' safety. Former elements of the DVP were involved in the creation of the Free Democratic Party after World War II. Electoral results
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/weimarer-republik/innenpolitik/dvp.html|title=Die Deutsche Volkspartei (DVP)|author=Burkhard Asmuss|publisher=LeMO Kapitel|date=8 June 2011}} 2. ^{{citation|first=Jürgen|last=Dittberner|title=Sozialer Liberalismus: Ein Plädoyer|publisher=Logos|year=2008|pages=55, 58}}. 3. ^{{citation|first=Wolfgang (ed.)|last=Neugebauer|title=Handbuch der Preussischen Geschichte|volume=3|publisher=de Gruyter|year=2000|page=221}}. 4. ^{{citation|first=Liesbeth|last=Van De Grift|title=Securing the Communist State: The Reconstruction of Coercive Institutions in the Soviet Zone of Germany and Romania, 1944-48|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2012|page=41}}. 5. ^{{citation|first=Hans|last=Mommsen|title=The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy|publisher=Propyläen Verlag|year=1989|page=51}}. 6. ^Gerstenberg, Frank. "27.6.1933: DVP und DNVP lösen sich auf". Kalenderblatt, Deutsche Welle. 7. ^1 {{citation|first=Stephen J.|last=Lee|title=The Weimar Republic|publisher=Routledge|year=1998|page=23}}. 8. ^{{cite book|author=Dietrich Orlow|title=Weimar Prussia, 1918–1925: The Unlikely Rock of Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0O6ZaLEn-b0C&pg=PA329|date=15 December 1986|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Pre|isbn=978-0-8229-7640-0|page=329}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Raffael Scheck|title=Alfred Von Tirpitz and German Right-wing Politics: 1914 - 1930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6cgn85Wy2sC&pg=PA87|year=1998|publisher=BRILL|isbn=0-391-04043-X|page=87}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|author=Stanley G. Payne|title=A History of Fascism, 1914–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_MeR06xqXAC&pg=PA163|date=1 January 1996|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres|isbn=978-0-299-14873-7|pages=163}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Helena Waddy|title=Oberammergau in the Nazi Era: The Fate of a Catholic Village in Hitler's Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JD5pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|date=14 April 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970779-9|page=54}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=Jill Stephenson|title=The Nazi Organisation of Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GjhYvaEbveQC&pg=PA226|date=26 April 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-24748-4|page=226}} 13. ^Vincent E McHale (1983) Political parties of Europe, Greenwood Press, p. 421 {{ISBN|0-313-23804-9}}. 14. ^{{cite book|last=Evans|first=Richard J.|authorlink=Richard J. Evans|title=The Coming of the Third Reich|publisher=Penguin Press|location=New York City|date=2003|isbn=978-0141009759}} See also
7 : Conservative parties in Germany|Defunct liberal political parties|Political parties in the Weimar Republic|Defunct political parties in Germany|Liberal parties in Germany|Monarchist parties in Germany|National liberal parties |
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