| 词条 | 5"/25 caliber gun |
| 释义 |
|name= 5"/25 Caliber Gun |image=5 inch 25 caliber gun USS Bowfin.jpg |image_size=300px |caption= On the deck of {{sclass-|Balao|submarine|1}} {{USS|Bowfin|SS-287|6}} |origin= United States |type= Anti-aircraft gun Naval gun |is_artillery=yes |service= |used_by= US Navy, Argentine Navy |wars= World War II, Falklands War |designer= |design_date= |manufacturer= |production_date= |number= |variants= Mk 10, 11, 13, 17 |weight= 2 metric tons |length= 11 ft 10 in (3.6 m) |part_length= {{convert|10|ft|5|in|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=4}} bore (25 calibers) 8 ft 2 in (2.4 m) rifling |width= |height= |crew= |cartridge= {{convert|52|to|54.5|lb|kg|abbr=on}}[1] |caliber= {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} |action= |rate= |velocity= 2,100 ft/s (640 m/s) average |range={{convert|14500|yd|m}} at 40° {{convert|27400|ft|m}} at 85° |max_range= |feed= |sights= |breech= |recoil= |carriage= |elevation=-10° to +85° |traverse= |diameter= |filling= |filling_weight= |detonation= |yield= }} The 5"/25 caliber gun (spoken "five-inch-twenty-five-caliber") entered service as the standard heavy anti-aircraft (AA) gun for United States Washington Naval Treaty cruisers commissioned in the 1920s and 1930s. The goal of the 5"/25 design was to produce a heavy AA gun that was light enough to be rapidly trained manually.[2] The gun was also mounted on pre-World War II battleships and aircraft carriers until replaced by the standard dual-purpose 5"/38 caliber gun, which was derived from the 5"/25 and was similar except for the barrel length. Guns removed from battleships were probably converted for submarine use by late 1943, while a purpose-built variant for submarines was available in mid-1944, and was widely used by them.[3] United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun fired a projectile 5 inches (127 mm) in diameter, and the barrel was 25 calibers long (that is, for a 5" bore and a barrel length of 25 calibers, 5" x 25 = 125", or about 3.2 meters).[4] HistoryThe gun weighed about 2 metric tons and used fixed ammunition (case and projectile handled as a single assembled unit) with a 9.6-pound (4.4 kg) charge of smokeless powder to give a 54-pound (24 kg) projectile a velocity of 2100 feet per second (640 m/s). The ceiling was {{convert|27400|ft}} at the maximum elevation of 85 degrees. Useful life expectancy was 4260 effective full charges (EFC) per barrel.[3] The short barrel of the 5"/25 made it much easier to train manually against fast-moving targets. These guns were manually controlled so the short barrel and light weight made it an early favorite as an anti-aircraft gun. Another key feature was power loading, allowing rapid fire at high elevation angles. The 5"/38 caliber gun replaced the 5"/25 as the anti-aircraft weapon of choice on new construction by the mid-1930s due to its better range, velocity against surface targets, and higher vertical ceiling. 5"/25 guns removed from pre-war battleships (especially those rebuilt after Pearl Harbor) had their barrel linings chromed. These guns were remounted for submarine use beginning in late 1943 for extra firepower against small boats and sampans often encountered off the coast of Japan and elsewhere in the Pacific Theater, replacing the earlier 3-inch and 4-inch guns. New production Mark 17 5"/25 guns on the Mark 40 mount designed for submarines became available in mid-1944; {{USS|Spadefish|SS-411|6}} was the first submarine built with this gun. Some submarines had two of these weapons.[2] The Mark 17 gun in the Mark 40 submarine gun mount used semi-fixed ammunition (case and projectile handled separately) and had a range of {{convert|14500|yd}} at the maximum elevation of 40 degrees.[5] The submarine mounting had manual elevation, train, and loading with no power assist. From late 1944 some submarines were built or refitted with two of these weapons. The first of these was {{USS|Sennet|SS-408|6}}, commissioned on 22 August 1944. In February–March 1945 she operated with two other two-gun submarines, {{USS|Haddock|SS-231|6}} and {{USS|Lagarto|SS-371|6}}, in a wolfpack with significant success.[6] To further improve the effectiveness of the two-gun configuration, seven submarines were fitted with a Mark 6 "Baby Ford" fire control computer with a Mark 6 stable element to correct for pitch and roll.[7][8] The first of these was {{USS|Sea Cat|SS-399|6}}, followed by {{USS|Flying Fish|SS-229|2}}, {{USS|Entemedor|SS-340|2}}, {{USS|Sea Dog|SS-401|2}}, {{USS|Sea Poacher|SS-406|2}}, {{USS|Sea Robin|SS-407|2}}, and Sennet. However, some of these refits were completed in September 1945, too late to see action.[6] Ships mounting 5"/25 caliber guns{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
See also
Notes1. ^United States of America 5"/25 (12.7 cm) Marks 10, 11, 13 and 17 2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_5-25_mk10.htm |title=United States of America 5"/25 (12.7 cm) Mark 10 |accessdate=2013-08-10 |date=September 2012 |author=DiGiulian, Tony |publisher = navweaps.com.}} 3. ^1 Campbell 1985 p.137 4. ^Fairfield 1921 p.156 5. ^1 2 3 Campbell 1985 p.138 6. ^1 Friedman 1995, pp. 218-219 7. ^Mark 6 computer at Glenn's Computer Museum 8. ^[https://maritime.org/doc/stablemk6/index.htm Mark 6 stable element manual] 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Fahey 1941 p.9 10. ^1 Friedman 1983 p.390 11. ^Friedman 1983 p.391 12. ^1 Breyer 1973 p.210 13. ^1 Breyer 1973 p.214 14. ^1 2 Breyer 1973 p.219 15. ^1 Breyer 1973 p.226 16. ^1 2 Breyer 1973 p.230 References
External links{{Commons category|5"/25 caliber gun (United States)}}
4 : World War II naval weapons|Naval guns of the United States|127 mm artillery|Naval anti-aircraft guns |
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