| 词条 | 9344 Klopstock |
| 释义 |
| minorplanet = yes | name = 9344 Klopstock | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = [1] | discoverer = F. Börngen L. D. Schmadel | discovery_site = Karl Schwarzschild Obs. | discovered = 12 September 1991 | mpc_name = (9344) Klopstock | alt_names = {{mp|1991 RB|4}}{{·}}{{mp|1995 WK|2}} | pronounced = | named_after = Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock [1] {{small|(German poet)}} | mp_category = main-belt [1]{{·}}{{small|(inner)}} {{nowrap|background [5]{{·}}Vestian [6]}} | orbit_ref = | epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 26.35 yr (9,626 d) | aphelion = 2.5711 AU | perihelion = 2.1575 AU | semimajor = 2.3643 AU | eccentricity = 0.0875 | period = 3.64 yr (1,328 d) | mean_anomaly = 342.64° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2711|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 5.0293° | asc_node = 340.39° | arg_peri = 156.40° | mean_diameter = {{val|3.66|ul=km}} {{small|(calculated)}}[6] {{val|17.05|1.5|ul=km}}[9] | rotation = {{val|5.842|0.0031|ul=h}}[10] | albedo = {{val|0.0116|0.002}}[9] {{val|0.20}} {{small|(assumed)}}[6] | spectral_type = S {{small|(assumed)}}[6] | abs_magnitude = {{val|14.095|0.003}} {{small|(R)}}[10] 14.2 14.55[6] {{val|14.86|0.14}}[17] }}9344 Klopstock, provisional designation {{mp|1991 RB|4}}, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 12 September 1991, by German astronomers Freimut Börngen and Lutz Schmadel at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Germany. Poor observational data suggests that the asteroid is one of the darkest known objects with a diameter of approximately {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}}, while it is also an assumed stony asteroid with a much smaller diameter. It has a rotation period of 5.84 hours and was named after German poet Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock.[1][6] Orbit and classificationKlopstock is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5] Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, the asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Vesta family ({{small|401}}), one of the largest asteroid families of bright asteroids in the main-belt.[6]It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,328 days; semi-major axis of 2.36 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Tautenburg in September 1991.[1] Physical characteristicsKlopstock is an assumed, stony S-type asteroid,[6] a spectral type contrary to the outstandingly low IRAS albedo (see below). Rotation periodIn September 2013, a rotational lightcurve of Klopstock was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.842 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.38 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).[10] Diameter and albedoAccording to the survey carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) in the 1980s, Klopstock measures 17.05 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an exceptionally low albedo of 0.0116.[9] This would make it one of the darkest asteroid known to exist.[28] However, the result is derived from two IRAS-observations only.[9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link disregards the IRAS-data and assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and consequently calculates a smaller diameter of 3.66 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.55.[6] NamingThis minor planet was named after German poet Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724–1803), who studied theology in Jena during the Late Baroque and the early German Classicism.[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1999 ({{small|M.P.C. 33795}}).[32] References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: albedo < 0.02 |publisher=JPL Solar System Dynamics |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;c1_group=OBJ;c1_item=Ar;c1_op=%3C;c1_value=0.02;table_format=HTML;max_rows=50;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsAiApAr;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=ArA |accessdate = 29 April 2018}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title = 9344 Klopstock (1991 RB4) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9344 |accessdate = 29 April 2018}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 29 April 2018}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Small Bodies Data Ferret |work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action |accessdate = 29 April 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/asteroid/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 29 April 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160603231123/http://sbn.psi.edu/pds/asteroid/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |archive-date = 3 June 2016 |dead-url = yes |df = dmy-all }} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (9344) Klopstock |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=9344%7CKlopstock |accessdate = 29 April 2018}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.04041.pdf |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041 |access-date= 29 April 2018}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.00762.pdf |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 29 April 2018}} }} External links
6 : Background asteroids|Discoveries by Freimut Börngen|Discoveries by Lutz D. Schmadel|Minor planets named for people|Named minor planets|Astronomical objects discovered in 1991 |
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