| 词条 | Gholamreza Takhti |
| 释义 |
| name = Gholamreza Takhti | image = Portrait of Gholamreza Takhti.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | headercolor = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Gholamreza Takhti | nickname = Jahān Pahlevān | nationality = Iranian | birth_date = {{birth date|1930|8|27}} | birth_place = Tehran, Iran | death_date = {{death date and age|1968|1|7|1930|8|27}} | death_place = Tehran, Iran | resting_place = Ibn Babawayh Cemetery, Rey, Iran | occupation = | rank = | years_active = 1950–1966 | height = {{height|m=1.80}} | weight = {{convert|79|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|97|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | spouse = | life_partner = | other_interests = | website = | country = | sport = Wrestling| event = Freestyle | club = Poulad Club | turnedpro = | coach = | retired = | coaching = | worlds = 1951 World Championships: Freestyle 79kg – Silver 1954 World Championships: Freestyle 87kg – 5th 1959 World Championships: Freestyle 87kg – Gold 1961 World Championships: Freestyle 87kg – Gold 1962 World Championships: Freestyle 97kg – Silver | regionals = 1958 Asian Games: Freestyle 87kg – Gold | nationals = Pahlevan of Iran (3): 1336, 1337, 1338 | olympics = 1952 Summer Olympics: Freestyle 79kg – Silver 1956 Summer Olympics: Freestyle 87kg – Gold 1960 Summer Olympics: Freestyle 87kg – Silver 1964 Summer Olympics: Freestyle 97kg – 4th | medaltemplates ={{MedalCountry | {{IRI}} }}{{MedalSport | Men's freestyle wrestling}}{{MedalCompetition|Olympic Games}}{{MedalSilver | 1952 Helsinki | 79 kg}}{{MedalGold | 1956 Melbourne | 87 kg}}{{MedalSilver | 1960 Rome | 87 kg}}{{MedalCompetition|World Championships}}{{MedalSilver|1951 Helsinki|79 kg}}{{MedalGold|1959 Tehran|87 kg}}{{MedalGold|1961 Yokohama|87 kg}}{{MedalSilver|1962 Toledo|97 kg}}{{MedalCompetition|Asian Games}}{{MedalGold| 1958 Tokyo | 87 kg}} | show-medals = | updated = }}Gholamreza Takhti ({{lang-fa|غلامرضا تختی}}, August 27, 1930 – January 7, 1968) was an Iranian Olympic Gold-Medalist wrestler and Varzesh-e Bastani practitioner.[1] Popularly nicknamed Jahān Pahlevān ("The World Champion")[2] because of his chivalrous behavior and sportsmanship (Javanmardi in Iranian culture),[3] he was the most popular athlete of Iran in the 20th century, although dozens of Iranian athletes have won more international medals than he did.[1] Takhti is still a hero to many Iranians.[3] He is listed in the FILA wrestling hall of fame. Early lifeTakhti, the youngest child of an Iranian Azerbaijani family was born in Khaniabad neighborhood of south Tehran. [4] on August 27, 1930. At the age of 15, he entered Poulad Club in Southern Tehran and was trained in wrestling. He soon left Tehran to become a manual laborer in the oil-rich city of Masjed Soleiman. When he was called up for military service, his potential in wrestling was discovered and he began to train seriously soon after he was recruited as an Iran Railways employee in 1948.[1] CareerTakhti won his first Iranian championship in 1950,[3] and on his first trip abroad in 1951, he won a silver medal at the world freestyle championships in Helsinki - the first international medal ever gained by an Iranian wrestler.[1] One year later, he won another silver medal, again in Helsinki, this time in the 1952 Summer Olympic Games.[3] The subsequent highlights of his career were the gold medal in the 1956 Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne, a gold in the world championships in 1959 (Tehran), another silver in the 1960 Summer Olympic Gamesin Rome and a silver in the 1961 World Championships in Yokohama.[1] His Olympics career finished with one gold medal & two silver medals. He did however finish fourth in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics as well. Takhti started as a middleweight wrestler in the 79 kg and 87 kg categories, as he was getting heavier, he decided to move up to the next weight, 97 kg, for the 1964 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo. He was unable to win a medal and he finished in 4th place.[3] Character on the wrestling matTakhti tended to act fairly when competing against rivals during his career, something which originated from traditional values of Zurkhaneh, a kind of heroic behaviour that epitomizes chivalrous qualities known as Javanmardi.[5] For instance, he once had a match with Russian wrestler Alexander Medved who had an injured right knee. When Takhti found out that Medved was injured, he avoided touching the injured leg and tried to attack the other leg instead.[5] He lost the match, but showed that he valued honorable behavior more than reaching victory.[6] Another example of his character comes from a match in Moscow. After defeating the then-world champion Anatoli Albul, Takhti saw the sorrow on the face of Albul's mother. Takhti went to her and said, "I'm sorry about the result, but your son is a great wrestler." She smiled and kissed him.[6] Social and political activismsTakhti was known for his anti-regime views. He was a pro-Mossadegh activist and member of Second National Front and his death sparked a number of anti-Shah demonstrations.[2] In 1962, a terrible earthquake occurred in Bou'in-Zahra in western Iran, killing over 12,000. Takhti was deeply touched by the suffering. Already one of Iran's biggest stars, he began to walk one of the main avenues of Tehran, asking for assistance for the victims. He inspired other champions to follow in his footsteps, and thousands gave to alleviate the suffering. Death and legacyTakhti was found dead in his hotel room on January 7, 1968. The Iranian government officially proclaimed his death a suicide.[7] However, some claim that he was murdered because of his political activities against the Pahlavi regime, accusing SAVAK, the Iranian intelligence agency at that time. Because he was a national hero his funeral, organized by Hossein Towfigh, editor in chief of the late Towfigh magazine, drew hundreds of thousands of mourners. Towfigh magazine issued a special edition of their popular weekly magazine where they caricatured Takhti with angel wings flying high above the throngs of Iranian mourners at his own funeral with a caption that read "Don't cry for me, cry for your own plight." This was a direct reference not only to the plight of the Iranian people under the dictatorial regime of the Shah, but also showed Takhti's democratic beliefs, one of the reasons cited for his mysterious death. Towfigh magazine was shut down by the Shah for several months after printing this cartoon. He is buried at Ebn-e Babooyeh cemetery in Southern part of Tehran, near Shahr-e Ray, where he is commemorated every year by his fans. After the 1979 political upheaval in Iran, many of the Savak officials, including its chief torturer Bahman Naderipour commonly known by his masked name Mr. Tehrani, were put on trial by the new regime. In an open court hearing published in the then-open newspapers (Keyhaan and Ettela'at were the two most popular outlets reporting the court hearings at the time), Tehrani publicly confessed in the court that Takhti was arrested due to his open support of and collaboration with 'Nehzat Azadi' (Freedom Movement), a moderate anti-government movement lead by Mr. Bazargan and Ayatollah Taleghani during the Shah's rule {{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}. Tehrani publicly admitted Takhti was tortured by Savak because of his open support for Nehzat Azadi. In Tehrani's own word printed at the time in open newspapers, he described it as "آن قدر او را زدیم ، سرش اب لمبوشده بود " , "we beat him so much, his head turned mushy". Takhti was survived by his wife and son, Babak Takhti, an author and translator. The movie Takhti,[8] begun by Ali Hatami and finished by Behrooz Afkhami, examined some of the theories about Takhti's death. {{Clear}}References1. ^1 2 3 4 Houchang E. Chehabi, “TAḴTI, Ḡolām-Reżā”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, originally published July 20, 2005 2. ^1 {{cite book |title=Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran|last=Behrooz|first=Maziar|year=2000 |publisher= I.B.Tauris|isbn= 9781860646300|page=197}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.fila-official.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=681%3Agholamreza-takhti-iri|title=Gholamreza TAKHTI (IRI): Biographie|publisher=Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA)|accessdate=July 28, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://bornanews.ir/Pages/News-110613.aspx|title=اسطوره و پهلوانی برخاسته از دیار الوند، پهلوانی برای همه دوران|work=خبرگزاری برنا}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Sarrafi|first1=Khashayar|year=|title=Modern Pahlevan: Jahan Pahlevan Takhti|publisher=Shanghai University Sports Research Center, College of Physical Education|url=http://tiyu.shu.edu.cn/upload/2010_05/10051819388055.pdf|accessdate=1 August 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522012506/http://tiyu.shu.edu.cn/upload/2010_05/10051819388055.pdf|archivedate=22 May 2014|df=}} 6. ^1 {{cite news |title=Iranians honor wrestling legend Gholam-Reza Takhti |url=http://tehrantimes.com/sports/94301-iranians-honor-wrestling-legend-gholam-reza-takhti- |newspaper=Tehran Times |date=8 January 2012 |accessdate=1 August 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626091618/http://tehrantimes.com/sports/94301-iranians-honor-wrestling-legend-gholam-reza-takhti- |archivedate=26 June 2012 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Iole|first=Kevin|title=The cruel tragedy of The Iron Sheik|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/iron-sheik--the-man-behind-the-mask-224707360.html|work=Yahoo! Sports|accessdate=June 25, 2013|date=June 23, 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0260413/|title=Takhti (1997)|author=ideensadr|date=25 October 2002|work=IMDb}} External links{{commons category}}
22 : 1930 births|1968 deaths|Olympic wrestlers of Iran|Olympic gold medalists for Iran|Olympic silver medalists for Iran|People from Tehran|Wrestlers at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Wrestlers at the 1956 Summer Olympics|Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics|Wrestlers at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Iranian male sport wrestlers|Asian Games gold medalists for Iran|National Front (Iran) politicians|Olympic medalists in wrestling|Asian Games medalists in wrestling|Pahlevans of Iran|Wrestlers at the 1958 Asian Games|World Wrestling Championships medalists|Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics|Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics|Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Medalists at the 1958 Asian Games |
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