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Giessen, spelled Gießen in German ({{IPA-de|ˈɡiːsn̩|-|De-Gießen.ogg}}], is a town in the German federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 86,000, with roughly 24,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}} The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=off}} north of Frankfurt am Main.

History

Giessen came into being as a moated castle in 1152 built by Count Wilhelm von Gleiberg,^[1] although the history of the community in the northeast and in today's suburb called "Wieseck" dates back to 775. The town became part of Hesse-Marburg in 1567, passing to Hesse-Darmstadt in 1604. The University of Giessen was founded in 1607. Giessen was included within the Grand Duchy of Hesse created in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. After the First World War, it was part of the People's State of Hesse.

During the Second World War, a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp was in the Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Licher Straße.^[2]^[3]^[4] Heavy bombing destroyed about 75 percent of Gießen in 1944, including most of the town's historic buildings. It became part of the modern state of Hesse after the war.

In 1977, Giessen was merged with the neighbouring city Wetzlar to form the new city of Lahn. However, this attempt to reorganize the administration was reversed in 1979. It was bounded to Darmstadt (region) between 1945 and 1981 until Giessen (region) was founded on 1 January 1981.

A U.S. military base was located in Giessen after the Second World War. The U.S. Army Garrison of Gießen had a population of 800 Americans. The base is a converted German Army Air Field which is reflected in some of the buildings including the housing area. A theatre, known as the Keller Theatre, is a converted German Army Officers' Club. As of 28 September 2007, the Giessen Depot and all other U.S. facilities in the greater Giessen area were turned back to local German authorities. The former U.S. Army buildings were used to house refugees after the large intake of 2016.

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Points of interest

Sport

Giessen is home to the basketball club Giessen 46ers, five-time champion of the Basketball Bundesliga. Its home games take place at the Sporthalle Gießen-Ost.

Religion

Gallery

Notable people

Education

Manisch

Manisch is a dialect of rotwelsch spoken in and around Giessen by people in lower income neighbourhoods, some of which are known as "Eulenkopf", "Gummiinsel", "Heyerweg" and "Margaretenhütte". Approximately 700–750 residents spoke the dialect fluently as of 1976.^[11] Although the dialect still influences the Giessen vernacular, it is nearly extinct in terms of fluent speakers.

Geography

Climate

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate).

See also

References

1. ^{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Giessen|volume=12|page=4}}
2. ^Edward Victor. Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps.
3. ^1933-1945 Lager G. Tenhumberg Reinhard. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
4. ^Hessian Regional History Information System (LAGIS)
5. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.military.com/features/0,15240,153028,00.html| title = USAG Giessen Folds Up Tent| accessdate = 2008-05-08}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.giessen.de/Rathaus_und_Service/Stadtinformationen/St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften/|title=Gießen: Städtepartnerschaften|trans-title=Giessen: Twin towns|publisher=Stadt Gießen|accessdate=2013-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413071750/http://giessen.de/Rathaus_und_Service/Stadtinformationen/St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften/ |archivedate =2013-04-13|language=German}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/eng/?CategoryID=1779|title=Netanya - Twin Cities|accessdate=2013-08-01|work=Netanya Municipality|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201094809/http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1779|archivedate=2013-02-01}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www3.hants.gov.uk/localpages/twintown.htm |title=Twin Towns in Hampshire |publisher=Www3.hants.gov.uk |accessdate=2009-11-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130120441/http://www3.hants.gov.uk/localpages/twintown.htm |archivedate=2009-11-30 |df= }}
9. ^https://www.kpe.de/pfadfinder/
10. ^{{cite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | year = 1967}}
11. ^Hans-Günter Lerch, "Tschü lowi...Das Manische in Gießen", 1976/2005, pages 16-22.
12. ^{{cite web|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=23501&cityname=Giessen--United-States-of-America|title =Weatherbase.com|publisher=Weatherbase|year=2013}}Retrieved on May 9, 2013.