| 词条 | Gilbert Tennent |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = Reverend | name = Gilbert Tennent | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_size = 200px | alt = | caption = Portrait of Gilbert Tennent | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1703|02|05}} | birth_place = County Armagh, Ireland[1] | baptised = | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = {{death date and age|1764|07|23|1703|02|05}} | death_place = Philadelphia, Province of Pennsylvania | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = Second Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia[2] | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|39.952310|-75.144683|type:landmark|display=inline}} | monuments = | residence = Philadelphia | nationality = | other_names = | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = Master of Arts (honorary)[1] | alma_mater = Log College Yale College (1725) | occupation = Presbyterian minister | years_active = 1726–1764 | era = | employer = Presbytery of Philadelphia | organization = | agent = | known_for = The First Great Awakening of the American colonies and New Jersey | notable_works = | style = | home_town = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = Original trustee of the College of New Jersey[1] | denomination = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = Cornelia de Peyster (2nd wife)[1] | partner = | children = Gilbert, Elizabeth, Cornelia[1] | parents = William Sr., Catherine[1] | relatives = William Tennent, Jr. (brother)[1] | callsign = | awards = | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | website = | footnotes = | box_width = }} Gilbert Tennent (5 February 1703 – 23 July 1764) was a pietistic Protestant evangelist in colonial [3] America. Born in a Presbyterian Scots-Irish family in County Armagh, Ireland, he migrated to America as a teenager, trained for pastoral ministry, and became one of the leaders of the Great Awakening of religious feeling in Colonial America, along with Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. His most famous sermon, "On the Danger of an Unconverted Ministry," compared contemporary anti-revivalistic ministers to the biblical Pharisees described of the Gospels, resulting in a division of the colonial Presbyterian Church which lasted 17 years. While engaging divisively via pamphlets early in this period, Tennent would later work "feverishly" for reunion of the various synods involved. BiographyEarly lifeGilbert Tennent was born in a Presbyterian Scots-Irish family in County Armagh, Ireland,[4] and raised in there, where he was home schooled by his father, William Tennent. In 1718 the family emigrated to Philadelphia. His father founded the Log College nearby, which trained many Presbyterian ministers; Gilbert was an assistant there, around 1725.[1] Role as an emissary{{Main article|Paxton Boys}}The frontier of Pennsylvania was unsettled in the 1760s, and in the aftermath of the French and Indian War, new Scots-Irish immigrants encroached on Native American land, later claiming Indian raids and killings; Reverend John Elder, a parson from Paxtang, known as the "Fighting Parson,"[5] helped organize the Scots-Irish frontiersmen into a mounted militia and was named Captain of the group, known as the "Pextony boys,"[6] later the "Paxton Boys." This settler band, acting as vigilantes, attacked the local Conestoga, a Susquehannock tribe living many of whom had converted to Christianity, and were living peacefully alongside their European neighbors since the 1690s, on land donated by William Penn. Because of a snowstorm, most of the Conestogas were out of their camp; those in camp were scalped or otherwise mutilated by the Paxton Boys, and most of the camp was burned down.[7] After further such incidents, the Paxton Boys marched on Philadelphia in early 1764 to express grievance that their concerns for safety were not being met by the government, and while doing so further threatened the lives of about 200 Moravian Indians.[8] In February 1764, Gilbert Tennent was one of a group of clergymen sent as an emissary by John Penn, Governor of Pennsylvania, to the marching frontiersmen.[8] See also
Works{{expand section|further available full citations to sermons and any other works, as listed in the external link|small=no|date=August 2015}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sprague (1858), "Gilbert Tennent. 1725–1764," in Annals, pp. 35–43. 2. ^Sprague (1858), "Samuel Finley, D.D. 1740–1766," in Annals, pp. 96–101, esp. p. 100. 3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gilbert-Tennent|title=Gilbert Tennent {{!}} American Presbyterian clergyman|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-03-23|language=en}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Webster|first1=Richard|title=A History of the Presbyterian Church in America: From Its Origin Until the Year 1760, with Biographical Sketches of Its Early Ministers|date=1857|publisher=Joseph M. Wilson|location=Philadelphia, PN, USA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NUlnMpHqpA8C | accessdate= 22 August 2015 | format= |series= Vol. 374, American culture series, ATLA monograph preservation program}} 5. ^{{cite book | last =McAlarney | first =Mathias Wilson | title =History of the sesqui-centennial of Paxtang church: September 18, 1890 | publisher =Harrisburg Publishing Company | year =1890 | pages =224 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=14MsAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA224#v=onepage&q&f=false }} 6. ^Sprague (1858), "John Elder. 1736–1792," in Annals, pp. 77–80. 7. ^{{cite book | last =Brubaker | first =John H. | title =Massacre of the Conestogas: On the Trail of the Paxton Boys in Lancaster County. | publisher =History Press | year =2010 | pages =23ff | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=DRU3_ybxw-AC&pg=PA4&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false | doi = | id = }} 8. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Kenny|first1=Kevin|title=Peaceable Kingdom Lost: The Paxton Boys and the Destruction of William Penn's Holy Hxperiment|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, GBR|isbn=9780195331509|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9f5ZU3AEYAoC|accessdate=23 January 2015}} 9. ^{{cite journal | last1=Bennett | first1=James B. | title='Love to Christ': Gilbert Tennent, Presbyterian Reunion, and a Sacramental Sermon | journal = American Presbyterians | date=1993 | volume = 77 | number = 2 |pages=77–89 | jstor = 23332732 }} Bibliography
Further reading
External links
5 : American Presbyterian ministers|1703 births|1764 deaths|People from County Armagh|University and college founders |
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