| 词条 | Giuseppe Occhialini |
| 释义 |
| known_for = Contribution to the discovery of the pion or pi-meson decay | name = Giuseppe Occhialini | image =Occhialini.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1907|12|5|df=y}} | birth_place = Fossombrone, Pesaro, Italy | death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|12|30|1907|12|5|df=y}} | death_place = Paris, France | doctoral_advisor = Bruno Rossi }} Giuseppe Paolo Stanislao "Beppo" Occhialini ForMemRS[1] ({{IPA-it|dʒuˈzɛppe okkjaˈliːni}}; 5 December 1907 – 30 December 1993) was an Italian physicist, who contributed to the discovery of the pion or pi-meson decay in 1947, with César Lattes and Cecil Frank Powell (Nobel Prize for Physics). At the time of this discovery, they were all working at the H. H. Wills Laboratory of the University of Bristol. The X-ray satellite SAX was named BeppoSAX in his honour after its launch in 1996. BiographyHis father was the physicist Raffaele Augusto Occhialini (1878–1951), pioneer in the fields of spectroscopy and electronics theory. Giuseppe Paolo Stanislao Occhialini graduated at Florence in 1929. In 1932, he collaborated in the discovery of the positron in cosmic rays at the Cavendish Laboratory of Cambridge, under the leadership of Patrick Blackett, using cloud chambers. From 1937 to the 1944 he worked, on invitation of Gleb Wataghin, at the institute of physics of the University of São Paulo, in Brazil. He returned to Italy, in 1944, taught first in Genoa (1950) and then in Milan (1952). In 1947 he contributed to the discovery of the pion or pi-meson decay in collaboration with César Lattes and Cecil Frank Powell. The discovery was made at the Wills Laboratory of Bristol using the technology of the tracks on specialized photographic emulsions. He was a protagonist in cosmic ray research with the nuclear utilization of photographic emulsions exposed to high energy cosmic radiation, work which culminated in 1954 with the European G-Stack collaboration. Later on with the coming of particle accelerators, Occhialini explored that new field of research. He also made outstanding contributions to space physics, importantly contributing to the foundation of the European Space Agency.[2] Honors
RecreationsBeppo Occhialini was an avid mountain climber. During WW II, staying in Brazil, then a country hostile to Italy, he became an authorized alpine guide in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, where there is a peak named "Pico Occhialini". References1. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Bignami | first1 = G. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2002.0019 | title = Giuseppe Paolo Stanislao Occhialini. 5 December 1907 - 30 December 1993 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 48 | pages = 331–340| year = 2002 | pmid = | pmc = }} 2. ^{{cite journal|author=Telegdi, Valentine L.|authorlink=Valentine L. Telegdi|title=Obituary: G. P. S. Occhialini|journal=Physics Today|date=June 1994|volume=47|issue=6|pages=90–91|url=http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v47/i6/p90_s3?bypassSSO=1|doi=10.1063/1.2808543|bibcode=1994PhT....47f..90T|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006165001/http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v47/i6/p90_s3?bypassSSO=1|archivedate=6 October 2013|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{it icon}} 10° Anniversario del Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini". Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. 29 September 2009 4. ^Website of the Department of Physics of the University of Milano-Bicocca. 5. ^{{it icon}} PREMI NAZIONALI DEL PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA FINORA CONFERlTI. lincei.it Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}
8 : 1907 births|1993 deaths|Italian physicists|Wolf Prize in Physics laureates|University of São Paulo faculty|Academics of the University of Bristol|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences |
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