| 词条 | Gladys Spellman |
| 释义 |
|name = Gladys Spellman |image = Gladys noon spellman.jpg |state = Maryland |district = {{ushr|MD|5|5th}} |term_start = January 3, 1975 |term_end = February 24, 1981 |predecessor = Lawrence Hogan |successor = Steny Hoyer |birth_name = Gladys Blossom Noon |birth_date = {{birth date|1918|3|1}} |birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1988|6|19|1918|3|1}} |death_place = Rockville, Maryland, U.S. |party = Democratic |spouse = Reuben Spellman |children = Stephen Richard Dana |alma_mater = {{nowrap|George Washington University}} Graduate School USA |religion = Judaism }} Gladys Noon Spellman (March 1, 1918 – June 19, 1988) was a U.S. Congresswoman who represented the 5th congressional district of Maryland from January 3, 1975, to February 24, 1981. She was a member of the Democratic Party. Early lifeSpellman was born Gladys Blossom Noon in New York City and attended Eastern and Roosevelt high schools in Washington, D.C. She graduated from George Washington University, Washington, D.C., and graduate school with the United States Department of Agriculture. Spellman became a teacher, and taught in Prince George's County, Maryland, schools. A consummate politician, Spellman was part of the wave of young, new suburban dwellers who moved to Prince George's County from Washington and elsewhere in the years after World War II, and that group remained her constituency throughout her political career. TeacherSpellman's years as a teacher and president of the PTA for Happy Acres Elementary School (renamed in 1991 the Gladys Noon Spellman Elementary School), as well as civic association activism as a young mother and housewife in Cheverly during the 1950s led to leadership positions in the reform movement that seized control of the county's government during the 1960s, ousting the old guard Democratic organization that had managed affairs in Prince George's for decades. Spellman was active in the fight for a home rule charter form of government for Prince George's, and in 1962, running on a reform slate, served as a member of the Prince George's County Board of Commissioners from 1962 to 1970. She served two years as chairman, effectively the head of the county's government. After the establishment of the County Council, Spellman served as councilwoman at large from 1971 to 1974. She was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations in 1967 and was awarded the highest honor that could be bestowed by county officials nationwide when she became the first woman elected president of the National Association of Counties in 1972. CongressSpellman easily won the Democratic primary nomination in September 1974 for Maryland's fifth congressional seat, and went on to defeat the Republican, John B. Burcham, Jr., in the general election. While in Congress, she served on the Committee on Banking, Currency and Housing, the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee, and the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service (including serving as chairperson of the Subcommittee on Compensation and Employee Benefits). Almost 40 percent of the work force in her district was employed by the federal government – the highest percentage of any congressional district in the nation. In 1977, Spellman favored legislation to establish a bank to make loans to cooperatives owned by consumers as well as legislation to extend the federal revenue-sharing program. She also voted for the 1975 proposal authorizing $7 billion to loan guarantees for the financially troubled New York City.[1] Spellman also resisted placing restrictions on hiring or promotion of federal employees and opposed Jimmy Carter's plan to reform the civil service system in 1978.[1] Honors, coma and deathIn 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Spellman's name and picture.[2] On October 31, 1980, Spellman was judging a Halloween costume contest at the Laurel Mall when she collapsed after suffering an incapacitating heart attack.[3] She was re-elected to Congress with 80% of the vote against a little-known Republican opponent on November 4, 1980, but it soon became clear that she would be comatose for the remaining years of her life. In the first weeks of the 97th Congress, the House passed a resolution providing for Spellman's pay as if she had been seated, and for her Congressional office to be supported as if a member of Congress had died or resigned;[4] and afterwards passed an act declaring the 5th District seat vacant, and providing that Spellman's pay and administrative support would be terminated on the election of someone to her seat.[5] It is the only time that medical reasons have resulted in the House of Representatives declaring a seat vacant.[6] Thirty-two candidates from both parties entered the race, including her husband, Reuben. He was defeated for the Democratic nomination by Steny Hoyer, who won the special election on May 19 against the Republican nominee, Bowie mayor Audrey Scott. Hoyer has continued to be re-elected since then, and eventually became House Majority Leader. In 1985, Spellman was an inductee to the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame, part of its inaugural class. The Baltimore–Washington Parkway, a scenic north-south highway in Maryland, is dedicated to Spellman, as is Gladys Noon Spellman Elementary School, located in Cheverly, Maryland. Spellman died on June 19, 1988, in a nursing home in suburban Maryland. She never regained consciousness after the 1980 heart attack and subsequent coma.[7] See also{{portal|Biography|Government of the United States|Maryland}}
References1. ^1 Women in Congress, 1917–1990 I. Submitted to Congress Mrs Lindy Boggs. Washington DC: Diane Publishing. {{ISBN|0-7881-4256-9}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Wulf |first=Steve |url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/12535055/original-roster |title=Supersisters: Original Roster |publisher=Espn.go.com |date=March 23, 2015 |accessdate=June 4, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=Spellman still in critical condition |newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|page=A12 |date=November 3, 1980 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19801103&id=JgkuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8s0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=2474,2420622 }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/97th-congress/house-resolution/41 |title=H.Res.41 – A resolution providing compensation in lieu of salary and office administrative support to Gladys Noon Spellman |date=January 27, 1981 |access-date=April 21, 2017 |website=congress.gov |publisher=97th Congress }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/97th-congress/house-resolution/80 |title=H.Res.80 – A resolution declaring a vacancy in the Fifth Congressional District in the state of Maryland |date=February 24, 1981 |access-date=April 21, 2017 |website=congress.gov |publisher=97th Congress }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2280826/ |title=Fit To Serve: Could Gabrielle Giffords be forced to resign for health reasons? |first=Christopher |last=Beam |work=Slate.com |date=January 11, 2011 |accessdate=January 18, 2011}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/20/obituaries/ex-rep-gladys-n-spellman-dies-after-being-in-coma-for-8-years.html |title=Ex-Rep. Gladys N. Spellman Dies After Being in Coma for 8 Years |work=The New York Times |date=June 20, 1988 |accessdate=February 27, 2014}} External links{{CongBio|S000716}}{{s-start}}{{s-par|us-hs}}{{USRepSuccessionBox| state= Maryland | district= 5 | before= Lawrence Hogan | after= Steny Hoyer | years= January 3, 1975 – February 24, 1981}}{{s-end}}{{USCongRep-start|congresses= 94th–97th United States Congresses |state=Maryland}}{{USCongRep/MD/94}}{{USCongRep/MD/95}}{{USCongRep/MD/96}}{{USCongRep/MD/97}}{{USCongRep-end}}{{Maryland Women's Hall of Fame}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Spellman, Gladys Noon}} 16 : 1918 births|1988 deaths|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery|Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Female members of the United States House of Representatives|George Washington University alumni|Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives|Maryland Democrats|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland|Politicians from New York City|People from Prince George's County, Maryland|Women in Maryland politics|People with severe brain damage|People with disorders of consciousness|20th-century American politicians|20th-century American women politicians |
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