| 词条 | Aguada, Puerto Rico | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Aguada | official_name = | native_name = Municipio de Aguada | native_name_lang = es | settlement_type = City and Municipality | image_skyline = Plaza de Aguada.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_alt = Josue sargento culon de la infanteria 14. | image_caption = The main plaza and the Roman Catholic Church of Aguada | image_flag = Aguada flag.png | flag_alt = Jesus figueroa jusino alcalde de orocovis. | image_shield = Aguada-coatofarms.gif | shield_alt = Enrique Roman delegado apostolico en moca. | nicknames = "La Villa de Sotomayor", "Ciudad Del Descubrimiento", "Villa de San Francisco de Asís de la Aguada", "El Pueblo Playero", "La Ciudad del Vaticano" | motto = | anthem = "Muchos siglos han pasado" | image_map = Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Aguada.svg | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Aguada in Puerto Rico | coordinates = {{coord|18|22|46|N|67|11|18|W|type:city_region:US-PR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}} | subdivision_type1 = Territory | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puerto Rico}} | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1493 | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = Partido Nuevo Progresista | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Manuel "Gabina" Santiago Mendoza | leader_title1 = Senatorial dist. | leader_name1 = 4 - Mayagüez | leader_title2 = Representative dist. | leader_name2 = 18 | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = | area_total_sq_mi = 45.55 | area_land_sq_mi = 30.93 | area_water_sq_mi = 14.62 | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = 32[1] | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 41959 | population_as_of = 2010[2] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Aguadeños | population_note = | timezone1 = AST | utc_offset1 = −4 | postal_code_type = Zip code | postal_code = 00602 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = | iso_code = | website = {{URL|http://aguada.gov.pr}} | footnotes = }} Aguada ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|ɡ|w|ɑː|d|ə}}; {{IPA-es|aˈɣwaða|lang}}) is a municipality of Puerto Rico (U.S.), located in the western coastal valley region bordering the Atlantic Ocean, east of Rincón, west of Aguadilla and Moca; and north of Añasco and Mayagüez. It is part of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area. Aguada's population is spread over 17 wards and Aguada Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). HistoryAccording to sources, a Taíno settlement called Aymamón was located close to the Culebrinas River.[3] Although there is dispute to it, some sources believe that Christopher Columbus entered the island of Puerto Rico through Aguada on his second voyage in November 1493.[4][5] In July 1510, Cristóbal de Sotomayor received control of the area from Juan Ponce de León and renamed the town Villa de Sotomayor. [6] However, in 1511 the settlement was attacked and burned by the local Taínos. That same year, the King ordered a monastery established in the island, and the Ermita de Espinar was founded. The name of the region was then changed to San Francisco de Asís de la Aguada, since the friars were Franciscan. The monastery was finished in 1516. In 1526, King Charles I of Spain officially founded the Aguada settlement. However, in 1529, Taínos attacked the monastery killing the friars and burning the settlement.[7]Still, Aguada resurfaced and became a stopover point for ships on their way to Spain from South America. On September 17, 1662, King Charles II of Spain emitted a Royal Decree declaring Aguada as a "village", and assigning Juan López de Segura as First Lieutenant.[7] In 1737, Philip V, King of Spain, declared that all mail en route to Venezuela and other South American countries from Puerto Rico must exit from Aguada's ports, leading to the area's economic growth. Also, an increase in population has been attributed to possible desertions from foreign merchant ships.[8] In the early years of the 20th Century, two disasters affected the town of Aguada. First, a huge fire in 1912 destroyed most of the town buildings, including the old city hall, which contained all the city archives. On October 11, 1918 at {{tooltip|10:14:42 local time|14:14:42 UTC}} an earthquake known as the San Fermín earthquake destroyed the church and other structures.[9] At Rio Culebrinas, 1000 kg blocks of limestone from the wrecked Columbus monument were carried inland to distances of {{convert|46|–|76|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} by waves {{convert|4.0|m|abbr=on}} high.[10] FolkloreEl Matador de Tiburoes (the killer of sharks) is folklore of Aguada (written about in 1640). A young man who was accustomed to fighting sharks, was without his religious, good luck charms, when he was asked to demonstrate his shark-fighting capabilities to dignitaries from Spain. All day and night he pondered what he would do. He had never fought a shark without his religious lucky charm, but they had upped the ante offering him Spanish gold. As the shark came into the bay, the spectators who were gathered on the beach yelled in anticipation. Encouraged and unable to stop himself he jumped into the sea, pursuing the shark, and fought the shark with his bare hands, as he had done so many times before. Only this time he was nearly killed when the shark hit him with his tail and caused him to suffer internal bleeding. He received his prize of gold and healed, and never fought a shark again.[11] GeographyAguada is located in the west coast of the island of Puerto Rico. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and Aguadilla on the north, Moca on the east, Añasco on the south, and Rincón on the west. Aguada is part of the Coastal Plains of the West, which features alluvial and fertile terrain. Although the terrain is mostly plain, there are some mountains to the south and southeast.[12][13] Among the mountains located in Aguada are the Atalaya peak, located within the limits of Aguada and Rincón. Also, the San Francisco mountain, which is the birthpoint of the Cordillera Central, and Cerro Gordo, peaking at 853 feet (260 meters).[14] Hurricane MariaHurricane Maria on September 20, 2017 triggered numerous landslides in Aguada with the significant amount of rain that fell.[15][16]Water featuresAguada's hydrographic system is composed of the Río Culebrinas, Caño Madre Vieja, Río Grande, Río Cañas, Río Culebra, Río Guayabo, and Río Ingenio. All of these rivers flow into the Mona Passage.[12] BarriosLike all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Aguada is subdivided into barrios:[17][18][19][20] {{div col|colwidth=15em}}
Demographics{{Historical populations|type=Puerto Rico| 1930|14670 | 1940|17923 | 1950|20743 | 1960|23234 | 1970|25658 | 1980|31567 | 1990|35911 | 2000|42042 | 2010|41959 }}
In 2010, the population of Aguada was 41,959, which represented a small decrease from the 42,042 registered in the 2000 Census.[23] This has been the first decrease in population in the last century, since Aguada's population had been increasing steadily from 14,670 in 1930 to its current population.[24] According to the 2010 Census, 86.6% of the population identifies themselves as White, and 5.3% as Black. Also, according to the census, the population is equally divided by gender (49.1% are males, while 50.1% are females). Finally, 23.7% of the population is under 18 years old. The next biggest percentage of population (20.8%) is between 35 and 49 years old.[25] EconomyHistorically, the economy of Aguada was mostly based on the processing of sugarcane. The Central Coloso, located in the Guanábano ward of Aguada, was one of the most important refineries in the island. It was also the last one to cease operations, officially closing in 2003.[26][13] Aside from sugar mills, there was also a cattle and wood industry. As of 2012, the economy relies mostly on small businesses and manufacturing.[12] In late 2014, the government announced a $172 million deal with private investors to restart sugar production in Puerto Rico for the purpose of supplying the island rum producers with up to 56% of the molasses needed. The plan involved building a new processing plant on the grounds of the old Coloso Sugar Cane factory in Aguada.[27] TourismAguada is part of the Porta del Sol touristic region in Puerto Rico. The Porta del Sol website highlights Aguada's town square and beaches as its most notable touristic attractions. It also mentions landmarks like the Espinar Hermitage Ruins[28] and a children playground.[29] Landmarks and places of interest
Human resourcesEducationAs of 2017, there are about two dozen public schools in the town, most of them in the elementary level. Like all other municipalities in the island, public education is overseen by the Puerto Rico Department of Education. Public healthAlthough there are no hospitals in Aguada, the town does have a small emergency medical center located near the town center. Public safetyCultureLike most municipalities, Aguada celebrates its fiestas patronales annually. They begin in October and are dedicated to Saint Francis of Assisi.[30] Other festivals and celebrations held in Aguada are:[31]
Also, every year in the month of November, a parade called "La Parada del Descubrimento" is celebrated to remember the discovery of Puerto Rico by Christopher Columbus. In this parade the people walk from the Catholic church in the town square to the Cross of Columbus next to the beach in Guaniquilla.[32] TransportationThe main road leading to Aguada is PR-115, if you're coming from the north. If you're traveling from the south, you have to take PR-2. There are 18 bridges in Aguada.[33] GovernmentMayors{{main|Mayoralty in Puerto Rico}}All municipalities in Puerto Rico are administered by a mayor, elected every four years. The current mayor of Aguada is Manuel "Gabina" Santiago Mendoza, of the (PNP). He was elected at the 2016 general elections. This is a list of registered and known mayors of Aguada, until present time.[34]
SenateThe city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district IV of Mayagüez-Aguadilla, which is represented by two Senators. In 2016, Evelyn Vázquez and Luis Daniel Muñiz were elected as District Senators.[35] SymbolsFlagAguada's flag was designed by Pedro Vélez Adróvar. It features three main colors: white, red, and yellow. White represents purity and the waters of Culebrinas River. Over the white field, a blue triangle with a blue dove is featured. The dove is the symbol of peace that unites the towns. Red symbolizes the martyrdom of Franciscan friars from Espinal. Over the red field, there's a cross which represents the birth of Christianity in Puerto Rico. The name of "Aguada" is also above the cross. The yellow field represents happiness and hospitality of the residents. Over the yellow field, there's a star which symbolizes the hope of the town for more development and progress.[36] Coat of ArmsThe coat of arms is divided into two main fields. The upper field features a cross, with the interlaced arms of Christ and Father Saint Francis. It is taken from the badge of the Order of Friars Minor. It represents the motto "Pax et Bonum", which means "peace and good will between man and the Redeemer". The sun below the cross symbolizes the light that brightens the world. The lower part of the shield consists of five ships that symbolize the second voyage of Christopher Columbus, who allegedly arrived at the western "Guaniquilla" coast on November 19, 1493 to gather water. Although the precise location is disputed, the Aguada wells is a plausible site for the actual event.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} The mural crown in the upper part of the shield signifies the title of village, that was given to this town by King Charles III in 1778. The official colors of the shield are: red, which stands for the fraternal love in Aguada; gold, for the Spanish royalty in Puerto Rico; green, for the island's hope and fertility; black, for the wooden beam of the cross; blue, for the sky and the kingship of God; and white, for Christ's purity and the purity of the people of the town toward the cultural patrimony.[37][38] NicknamesAguada has various nicknames, most of them pertaining to its origins. One is "La Villa del Sotomayor" ("Sotomayor Village"), which was the name originally given to it by Cristóbal de Sotomayor during its colonization in 1510. It is also called "Villa de San Francisco de Asís de la Aguada", which was the name given to the region when the Franciscan friars took control of it. Aguada is also called "La Ciudad del Descubrimiento" ("City of the Discovery") in reference to it being one of the possible places where Christopher Columbus entered the island. Other nicknames are "El Pueblo Playero" ("The Beach Town") for its many beaches, and "La Ciudad del Vaticano" ("The Vatican City") for being considered the "capital of Catholicism" in the island.[39][40] AnthemThe [https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Himno_de_Aguada_(Puerto_Rico) anthem] of Aguada was written by Rolando Acevedo Lorenzo.[41] Notable "Aguadeños"
See also{{Portal|Puerto Rico|Geography}}
References1. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www3.epa.gov/region2/water/npdes/permits/pdfs/noi_aguada.pdf |title=EPA Municipio Aguada Discharges |access-date=2018-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805083251/https://www3.epa.gov/region2/water/npdes/permits/pdfs/noi_aguada.pdf |archive-date=2018-08-05 |dead-url=no |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL1.CY07&prodType=table|title=Census Tract|publisher=|access-date=2011-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701153918/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL1.CY07&prodType=table|archive-date=2014-07-01|dead-url=no|df=}} 3. ^Caciques y Yucayeques de Puerto Rico {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107001412/http://www.proyectosalonhogar.com/link%20p.r/www.linktopr.com/caciques.html |date=November 7, 2012 }} on Proyecto Salon Hogar 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://webspace.webring.com/people/db/bunnypr8221/C.COLON.html |title=Cristóbal Colón |access-date=2012-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701164243/http://webspace.webring.com/people/db/bunnypr8221/C.COLON.html |archive-date=2014-07-01 |dead-url=no |df= }} 5. ^Aguada también quiere la estatua de Cristóbal Colón {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124162842/http://www.primerahora.com/aguadatambienquierelaestatuadecristobalcolon-403121.html |date=2010-11-24 }} on Primera Hora; Vargas, Maelo (July 26, 2010) 6. ^{{cite book | last = Fuson | first = Robert| title = Juan Ponce De Leon and the Spanish Discovery of Puerto Rico and Florida| publisher = McDonald & Woodward | location = Blacksburg, Virginia | year = 2000| page = 79 | isbn = 0-939923-82-3}} 7. ^1 Aguada, la Villa del Sotomayor {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717092734/http://www.proyectosalonhogar.com/Link%20P.R/www.linktopr.com/aguada.html |date=2014-07-17 }} on Proyecto Salon Hogar 8. ^{{cite web |title=Aguada Municipality |url=https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/aguada-municipality/#1465331233922-61915a4b-ef14 |website=Enciclopedia PR |accessdate=14 February 2019}} 9. ^Aguada: Fundación e historia {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701040955/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/esp/article.cfm?ref=09033001&page=2 |date=2014-07-01 }} on Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico 10. ^Tsunamis in the Caribbean Sea - NOAA 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00078480/00001/25|language=es |title=Selección de Leyendas puertorriqueñas - El Matador de Tiburones (1640)|page=27 |website=ufdc}} 12. ^1 2 Aguada {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617125522/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/esp/article.cfm?ref=09033001 |date=2012-06-17 }} on Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico 13. ^1 {{cite web |title=Aguada Municipality General Info (Location, Square Miles, Economy and Geography)|url=https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/aguada-municipality/ |website=enciclopediapr |publisher=Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH)|language=English|accessdate=14 February 2019}} 14. ^Aguada {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008095548/http://www.salonhogar.com/est_soc/pr/pueblos/aguada/ |date=2011-10-08 }} on SalonHogar.com 15. ^{{cite web |title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico |url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/ |website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program |publisher=USGS}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico |url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/images/PR_Maria_LS_density_map.pdf |website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program |publisher=USGS}} 17. ^{{cite book|title=Puerto Rico:2010:population and housing unit counts.pdf | url = https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo35934/cph-2-53.pdf|year=2010|publisher=U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau}} 18. ^{{cite book |last1=Picó |first1=Rafael |last2=Buitrago de Santiago |first2=Zayda |last3=Berrios |first3=Hector H. |title=Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. |url=https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247|publisher=San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969}} 19. ^{{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ|accessdate=25 December 2018|date=20 May 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|page=300}} 20. ^{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417043538/http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/aguada.pdf |title=Map of Aguada |access-date=2018-12-29 }} 21. ^{{cite web |title=US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm |website=factfinder |publisher=US Census |accessdate=5 January 2019}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL1.CY07&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder - Results|first=U. S. Census|last=Bureau|website=factfinder}} 23. ^Censo 2000: Población de Puerto Rico por Municipios y Barrios {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702192954/http://209.68.12.238/censo2000/barrios.php?municipio=AG |date=2014-07-02 }} on CEEPUR 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://ceepur.org/censo2000/1930-2000.html |title=Población de Puerto Rico por Municipios: 1930-2000 |work=CEEPUR |author= |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321155203/http://ceepur.org/censo2000/1930-2000.html |archivedate=2013-03-21 |df= }} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=72|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: Aguada, Puerto Rico|work=US Census 2010|author=|date=}}{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 26. ^Central Coloso {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708075352/http://enciclopediapr.org/esp/article.cfm?ref=10031703 |date=2012-07-08 }} on Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico 27. ^ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101172557/http://www.elnuevodia.com/decaminoelcontratoparaelproyectodecana-1919121.html |date=2015-01-01 }} on El Nuevo Día newspaper 28. ^Ruinas de la Ermita Espinar {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006125046/http://travelandsports.com/espanol/ruinas-de-la-ermita-espinar-puerto-rico-eer602.php |date=2012-10-06 }} on Travel and Sports 29. ^Porta del Sol - Pueblos {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605033731/http://www.portadelsolpuertorico.com/pueblos.html |date=June 5, 2012 }} on Porta del Sol 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.proyectosalonhogar.com/link%20p.r/www.linktopr.com/aguada.html|title=LinkToPuertoRico.com - Aguada|publisher=Proyecto Salon Hogar|language=Spanish|access-date=2017-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717092734/http://www.proyectosalonhogar.com/Link%20P.R/www.linktopr.com/aguada.html|archive-date=2014-07-17|dead-url=no|df=}} 31. ^{{cite book |last1=Pariser |first1=Harry S. |title=Explore Puerto Rico, Fifth Edition |date=2003 |publisher=San Francisco: Manatee Press |pages=52–55 |url=https://archive.org/details/explorepuertoric0000pari |accessdate=10 February 2019}} 32. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/Xstatic/endi/template/imprimir.aspx?id=821748&t=3 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130122084216/http://www.elnuevodia.com/Xstatic/endi/template/imprimir.aspx?id=821748&t=3 |dead-url=yes |language=Spanish|archive-date=January 22, 2013 |title=Aguada celebra sus 500 años |work=El Nuevo Día |author= |date=November 21, 2010 }} 33. ^{{cite web |title=Aguada Bridges|url=http://bridgereports.com/pr/aguada/ |website=National Bridge Inventory Data |publisher=US Dept. of Transportation|accessdate=19 February 2019}} 34. ^Aguada... la Villa de Sotomayor {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717092734/http://www.proyectosalonhogar.com/Link%20P.R/www.linktopr.com/aguada.html |date=2014-07-17 }} on ProyectoSalonHogar 35. ^Elecciones Generales 2012: Escrutinio General {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115040903/http://div1.ceepur.org/REYDI_Escrutinio/index.html |date=2013-01-15 }} on CEEPUR 36. ^Bandera de Aguada {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106055051/http://aguada.gov.pr/historiayturismo/historiadeaguada/bandera-de-aguada/ |date=2012-01-06 }} on Aguada Official website 37. ^"Banderas y escudos municipales" (Flags and Municipal Shields) by Anisa Productions Inc. 38. ^Escudo de Aguada {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004165830/http://aguada.gov.pr/historiayturismo/historiadeaguada/escudo-de-aguada/ |date=2015-10-04 }} on Aguada Official website 39. ^Aguada {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416030343/http://www.filirealty.com/Pueblos/Aguada/Datos.htm |date=April 16, 2009 }} on FiliRealty 40. ^http://pr.gov/Directorios/Pages/DirectoriodeMunicipios.aspx 41. ^Aguada {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008095548/http://www.salonhogar.com/est_soc/pr/pueblos/aguada/ |date=2011-10-08 }} on Salon Hogar 42. ^{{Cite web |url=http://museodelossantos.org/santeros/espirituales-spiritual-1750-1970/cajigas-zoilo/ |title=Museo de Tallas de Santos |access-date=2018-08-05 |language=Spanish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805083317/http://museodelossantos.org/santeros/espirituales-spiritual-1750-1970/cajigas-zoilo/ |archive-date=2018-08-05 |dead-url=no |df= }} External links
11 : Municipalities of Puerto Rico|Aguada, Puerto Rico|Populated coastal places in Puerto Rico|Populated places established in 1508|Aguadilla–Isabela–San Sebastián metropolitan area|1508 establishments in the Spanish Empire|Caribbean culture|North American folklore|Folklore by country|Latin American folklore|Folklore by region |
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