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词条 Gluten exorphin
释义

  1. Categorization

      Gluten exorphin A5    Gluten exorphin B4    Gluten exorphin B5    Gluten exorphin C  

  2. References

Gluten exorphins are a group of opioid peptides formed during digestion of the gluten protein. It has been hypothesized that people with autism and schizophrenia have abnormal leakage from the gut of these compounds, which then pass into the brain and disrupt brain function, a process collectively known as the opioid excess theory or a part of leaky gut syndrome.[1] This is partly the basis for the gluten-free, casein-free diet. The medical evidence is mixed. Two clinical studies of autism patients who followed this diet found no benefit.[2][3] Another study found a benefit.[4] Another study suggested the diet may present a greater risk to brain development.[5]

Categorization

There are four known gluten exorphins with known structure:

Gluten exorphin A5

  • Structure: H-Gly-Tyr-Tyr-Pro-Thr-OH
  • Chemical formula: C24H37N5O9
  • Molecular weight: 599.64 g/mol

Gluten exorphin B4

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Trp-OH
  • Chemical formula: C24H27N5O6
  • Molecular weight: 481.50 g/mol

Gluten exorphin B5

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Trp-Leu-OH
  • Chemical formula: C30H38N6O7
  • Molecular weight: 594.66 g/mol

Gluten exorphin C

  • Structure: H-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Ser-Leu-OH
  • Chemical formula: C29H45N5O8
  • Molecular weight: 591.70 g/mol

References

1. ^Autism and Schizophrenia: Intestinal Disorders, Cade, et al., Nutritional Neuroscience, Volume 3, Issue 1 February 2000 , pages 57 - 72
2. ^Popular Autism Diet Does Not Demonstrate Behavioral Improvement, University of Rochester Medical Center, May 19, 2010
3. ^{{cite journal |journal= J Dev Behav Pediatr |year=2006 |volume=27 |issue=2 Suppl 2 |pages=S162–S171 |title= Elimination diets in autism spectrum disorders: any wheat amidst the chaff? |vauthors=Christison GW, Ivany K |pmid=16685183 |doi= 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00015}}
4. ^{{cite journal |journal= Nutr Neurosci |year=2002 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=251–61 |title= A randomised, controlled study of dietary intervention in autistic syndromes |author= Knivsberg, AM, Reichelt, KL, Høien, T, Nødland, M. |pmid=12168688 |doi=10.1080/10284150290028945}}
5. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 12959424 | year = 2003 | last1 = Arnold | first1 = GL | last2 = Hyman | first2 = SL | last3 = Mooney | first3 = RA | last4 = Kirby | first4 = RS | title = Plasma amino acids profiles in children with autism: Potential risk of nutritional deficiencies | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 449–54 | journal = Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | doi=10.1023/A:1025071014191}}
{{Opioidergics}}{{biochem-stub}}

1 : Opioid peptides
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