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词条 Akbar Muhammad
释义

  1. Early life

  2. References

Akbar Muhammad (1939 – April 12, 2016)[1] was an associate Professor Emeritus of history and Africana studies at Binghamton University in New York. He specialized in African history, West African social history, as well as the study of Islam in Africa and the Americas. He is the co-editor of Racism, Sexism, and the World-System, along with Joan Smith, Jane Collins, and Terrence K. Hopkins. His own writings have been focused on slavery in Muslim Africa, Muslims in the United States, and integration in Nigeria through the use of education.[2] He holds a notable role in the history of the Nation of Islam.{{Vague|date=August 2010}}[3][4][5]

Early life

Muhammad was the youngest child of Elijah Muhammad and Clara Muhammad and he is also the brother of Imam Warith Deen Mohammed. He received his Doctor of Philosophy from Edinburgh University in Scotland. He also studied the theory of Arabic and Islamic law at Al-Azhar University in Cairo. He served on the board of trustees for the American Islamic College in Chicago. Through his years in Cairo, he became fluent in Arabic.[2]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.muslimnewsmagazine.tv/akbar-muhammad-passes-away.html|title=Academic Scholar Dr. Akbar Muhammad Passes Away; Leaves Behind Historic Muslim Legacy|website=www.muslimnewsmagazine.tv|language=en|access-date=2018-05-20}}
2. ^{{cite interview |last=Muhammad |first=Akbar |subjectlink= |interviewer= |title=Frontline |date= |work=Public Broadcasting Service |accessdate=2010-08-15 |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/muslims/interviews/akbar.html}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Edward E.|title=Black Muslim Religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975|year=2006|publisher=UNC Press Books|isbn=0-8078-5771-8|pages=241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VdcQNcJZoSgC}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Roof|first=Wade Clark|title=Contemporary American Religion|year=2000|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|isbn=0-02-864926-5|pages=861|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iI8YAAAAIAAJ}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=DeCaro|first=Louis A.|title=On the Side of My People: A Religious Life of Malcolm X|year=1997|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=0-8147-1891-4|pages=363|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7U9xrYAlNQC}}
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3 : Elijah Muhammad family|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|Al-Azhar University alumni

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