| 词条 | Anal dysplasia |
| 释义 |
Most cases are not associated with symptoms, but people may notice lumps in and around the anus.[2] CausesAnal dysplasia is most commonly linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), a usually sexually-transmitted infection.[3] HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States[4] while genital herpes (HSV) was the most common sexually transmitted infection globally.[5] Diagnosis{{Empty section|date=October 2018}}See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Darragh|first1=Teresa|title=The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology. Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions:|journal=Arch Pathol Lab Med|date=October 2012|volume=136|pages=1266–1297}} {{Gastroenterology}}{{oncology-stub}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.catie.ca/facts.nsf/d3d652aa551a843685256f0900686f9f/82ac7c40872970828525725f0059c310!OpenDocument |title=Fact Sheets: Anal dyspasia |last=Salit |first=Irving |publisher=Canadian Aids Treatment Information Exchange |accessdate=2009-02-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201180743/http://catie.ca/facts.nsf/d3d652aa551a843685256f0900686f9f/82ac7c40872970828525725f0059c310%21OpenDocument |archivedate=2009-02-01 }} 3. ^{{cite journal |url= http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/177/2/361.long |title= Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Anal Canal in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Homosexual Men |last1= Palefsky |first1= Joel M. |last2= Holly |first2= Elizabeth A. |last3= Ralston |first3= Mary L. |last4= Jay |first4= Naomi |department= Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Stomatology, and Epidemiology Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco |journal= The Journal of Infectious Diseases Oxford University Press |date= February 1988 |format= PDF |accessdate= 2 March 2014 }} 4. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/STI-Estimates-Fact-Sheet-Feb-2013.pdf |title= CDC Fact Sheet - Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States |publisher= CDC |accessdate = 2 March 2014 |date= February 2013}} 5. ^{{cite journal |author1=Antonio C Gerbase |author2=Jane T Rowley |author3=Thierry E Merten | year = 1998 | title = Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases | journal = Lancet | volume = 352 | pages = S2–S4 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90001-0}} 1 : Colorectal surgery |
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