| 释义 |
- Recipients Education Improving world order Music composition Psychology Religion Spirit Award
- References
- External links
{{primary sources|date=February 2012}}The Grawemeyer Awards ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɔː|m|aɪ|.|ər}}) are five awards given annually by the University of Louisville.[1] The prizes are presented to individuals in the fields of education, ideas improving world order, music composition, religion, and psychology. The religion award is presented jointly by the University of Louisville and the Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary. Initially, the awards came with a bonus of US$150,000 each, making them among the most lucrative in their respective fields. This cash prize increased to $200,000 beginning in 2000. Beginning in 2011 the award amount dropped to $100,000 after the fund for the prize lost money due to a drop in the stock market. The first award, for Music Composition, was presented in 1985. The award for Ideas Improving World Order was added in 1988 and Education in 1989. In 1990, a fourth award, Religion, was added as a joint prize between the university and the Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary. Psychology was added in 2000; the first award was given in 2001. In 2015 a special award, the Spirit Award, created for the award's thirtieth anniversary, was presented to former boxer Muhammad Ali.[2] Some of the most notable winners include former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev (world order); Academy Award-winning composer Tan Dun (music composition); German theologian Jürgen Moltmann (religion); Aaron Beck, considered the founder of cognitive therapy (psychology); and former Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Princeton University President William G. Bowen and former Harvard University President Derek Bok (education). H. Charles Grawemeyer (1912–1993), industrialist, entrepreneur, astute investor and philanthropist, created the awards at the University of Louisville in 1984. An initial endowment of $9 million from the Grawemeyer Foundation funded the awards, which have drawn thousands of nominations from around the world. Although the University of Louisville graduate was a chemical engineer by schooling, Grawemeyer cherished the liberal arts and chose to honor powerful ideas in five fields in performing arts, the humanities, and the social sciences. Grawemeyer distinguished the awards by honoring ideas rather than lifelong or publicized personal achievement. He also insisted that the selection process for each of the five awards—though dominated by professionals—include one step involving a lay committee knowledgeable in each field. As Grawemeyer saw it, great ideas should be understandable to someone with general knowledge and not be the private treasure of academics. Recipients{{See also|:Category:Grawemeyer Award winners}}Education{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|- 1989: Bertrand Schwartz
- 1990: Howard Gardner
- 1991: Kieran Egan
- 1992: Carol Gilligan
- 1993: Roland Tharp and Ronald Gallimore
- 1994: John T. Bruer
- 1995: Shirley Brice Heath and Milbrey W. McLaughlin
- 1996: Victoria Purcell-Gates
- 1997: Mike Rose
- 1998: L. Scott Miller
- 1999: Not awarded
- 2000: Vanessa Siddle Walker
- 2001: William G. Bowen and Derek Bok
- 2002: Martha Nussbaum
- 2003: Deborah Brandt
- 2004: Not awarded
- 2005: Elliot W. Eisner
- 2006: Lee Shulman
- 2008: Walter S. Gilliam, Edward F. Zigler, and Stephanie M. Jones
- 2009: Paul Attewell and David Lavin
- 2010: Keith Stanovich
- 2011: Not awarded
- 2012: Linda Darling-Hammond
- 2013: Pasi Sahlberg
- 2014: Diane Ravitch
- 2015: Andy Hargreaves and Michael Fullan
- 2016: Karl Alexander, Linda Olson, and Doris Entwisle
- 2017: Diana Hess and Paula McAvoy
- 2018: Sara Goldrick-Rab
}}Improving world order{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|- 1988: Richard Neustadt and Ernest May
- 1989: Robert Keohane
- 1990: Robert Jervis
- 1991: The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development
- 1992: Samuel Huntington; Herman Daly and John Cobb
- 1993: Donald Harman Akenson
- 1994: Mikhail Gorbachev
- 1995: Gareth Evans
- 1996: Max Singer and Aaron Wildavsky
- 1997: Herbert Kelman
- 1998: Not awarded
- 1999: Not awarded
- 2000: Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink
- 2001: Janine Wedel
- 2002: Not awarded
- 2003: Stuart Kaufman
- 2004: John Braithwaite and Peter Drahos
- 2005: Francis Deng and Roberta Cohen
- 2006: Fiona Terry
- 2007: Roland Paris
- 2008: Philip E. Tetlock
- 2009: Michael Johnston
- 2010: Trita Parsi
- 2011: Kevin Bales
- 2012: Séverine Autesserre
- 2013: Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan
- 2014: Jacques Hymans
- 2015: Mark S. Weiner
- 2016: Gary Haugen and Victor Boutros
- 2017: Dana Burde
- 2018: Scott Straus
- 2019: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Terra Lawson-Remer and Susan Randolph
}}Music composition{{main article|Grawemeyer Award (Music Composition)}}{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|- 1985: Witold Lutosławski
- 1986: György Ligeti
- 1987: Harrison Birtwistle
- 1988: Not awarded
- 1989: Chinary Ung
- 1990: Joan Tower
- 1991: John Corigliano
- 1992: Krzysztof Penderecki
- 1993: Karel Husa
- 1994: Toru Takemitsu
- 1995: John Adams
- 1996: Ivan Tcherepnin
- 1997: Simon Bainbridge
- 1998: Tan Dun
- 1999: Not awarded
- 2000: Thomas Adès
- 2001: Pierre Boulez
- 2002: Aaron Jay Kernis
- 2003: Kaija Saariaho
- 2004: Unsuk Chin
- 2005: George Tsontakis
- 2006: György Kurtág
- 2007: Sebastian Currier
- 2008: Peter Lieberson
- 2009: Brett Dean
- 2010: York Höller
- 2011: Louis Andriessen
- 2012: Esa-Pekka Salonen
- 2013: Michel van der Aa
- 2014: Đuro Živković
- 2015: Not awarded
- 2016: Hans Abrahamsen
- 2017: Andrew Norman
- 2018: Bent Sørensen
- 2019: Joël Bons
}}Psychology{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|- 2001: Michael Posner, Marcus Raichle and Steven Petersen
- 2002: James McClelland and David Rumelhart
- 2003: Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky
- 2004: Aaron Beck
- 2005: Elizabeth Loftus
- 2006: John O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel
- 2007: Giacomo Rizzolatti, Vittorio Gallese and Leonardo Fogassi
- 2008: Albert Bandura
- 2009: Anne Treisman
- 2010: Ronald Melzack
- 2011: Walter Mischel
- 2012: Leslie Ungerleider and Mortimer Mishkin
- 2013: Irving Gottesman
- 2014: Antonio Damasio
- 2015: James McGaugh
- 2016: Steven Maier
- 2017: Marsha Linehan
- 2018: Robert Sternberg
- 2019: Kent Berridge and Terry Robinson
}}Religion{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|- 1990: E. P. Sanders
- 1991: John Hick
- 1992: Ralph Harper
- 1993: Elizabeth Johnson
- 1994: Stephen L. Carter
- 1995: Diana L. Eck
- 1996: Not awarded
- 1997: Larry L. Rasmussen
- 1998: Charles R. Marsh
- 1999: Not awarded
- 2000: Jürgen Moltmann
- 2001: James Kugel
- 2002: Miroslav Volf
- 2003: Mark Juergensmeyer
- 2004: Jonathan Sacks
- 2005: George Marsden
- 2006: Marilynne Robinson
- 2007: Timothy Tyson
- 2008: Margaret A. Farley
- 2009: Donald Shriver Jr.
- 2010: Eboo Patel
- 2011: Luke Timothy Johnson
- 2012: Barbara D. Savage
- 2013: Leila Ahmed
- 2014: Tanya Luhrmann
- 2015: Willie James Jennings
- 2016: Susan R. Holman
- 2017: Gary Dorrien
- 2018: James Cone
- 2019: Robert P. Jones
}}Spirit Award{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
}}References1. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.grawemeyer.org/ | title = The Grawemeyer Awards | accessdate = 2011-08-28 | publisher = University of Louisville | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091105200710/http://www.grawemeyer.org/ | archivedate = 2009-11-05}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://grawemeyer.org/spirit/|title=Grawemeyer Awards, Spirit|publisher=grawemeyer.org|accessdate=2018-12-06}}
External links- Grawemeyer Award official site
{{Authority control}} 8 : Awards established in 1985|University of Louisville|1985 establishments in Kentucky|American education awards|American music awards|American psychology awards|Religion-related awards|Peace awards |