| 词条 | Great Sandy Desert |
| 释义 |
| name = Great Sandy Desert | native_name = Juaongy Mallewo | photo = Great Sandy Desert, Australia.jpg | photo_caption = A satellite image of the dunes in the Great Sandy Desert | map = | map_image = IBRA 6.1 Great Sandy Desert.png | map_caption = The IBRA bioregions, with the Great Sandy Desert in red | location = | country = Australia | state_type = State/Territory | state = Western Australia | state1 = Northern Territory | city = | relief = | label = | label_position = | coordinates = {{coord}} | coordinates_ref = | elevation = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | length_orientation = | length_note = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | width_orientation = | width_note = | area = | area_mi2 = | area_km2 = 284993 | depth = | depth_ft = | depth_m = | type = | age = | border = | topo = | traversed = | river = | footnotes = | embed = }} The Great Sandy Desert is an interim Australian bioregion,[1][2] located in the North West of Western Australia straddling the Pilbara and southern Kimberley regions. It is the second largest desert in Australia after the Great Victoria Desert and encompasses an area of {{convert|284993|km2|sqmi|0}}[3][4] The Gibson Desert lies to the south and the Tanami Desert lies to the east of the Great Sandy Desert. FeaturesThe Great Sandy Desert contains large ergs, often consisting of longitudinal dunes. In the North East of the desert there is a meteorite impact crater, the Wolfe Creek crater. PopulationThe region is sparsely populated. The main populations consist of indigenous Australian communities and mining centres. The aboriginal people of the desert fall into two main groups: the Martu in the west and the Pintupi in the east. Linguistically, they are speakers of multiple Western Desert Languages. Many of these indigenous people were forcibly removed from their lands during the 20th century and relocated to settlements such as Papunya in the Northern Territory. In recent years,{{When|date=March 2010}} some of the original inhabitants have returned.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} Young indigenous adults from the Great Sandy Desert region travel to and work in the Wilurarra Creative programs to maintain and develop their culture.[5] ClimateRainfall is low throughout the coast and far north and is strongly seasonal. Areas near the Kimberley have an average rainfall that exceeds {{convert|300|mm|in|abbr=on}}, but is patchy. Many drought years end with a monsoon cloud mass or tropical cyclone. Like many of Australia's deserts, rainfall is high by desert standards, with the driest parts recording falls little below {{convert|250|mm|in|abbr=on}}. A massive evaporation rate makes up for the higher than normal desert rainfall. This region is one which gives rise to the heat lows which help drive the NW monsoon. Almost all rain comes from monsoon thunderstorms or the occasional tropical cyclone rain depression.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} On average for most of the area, there are about 20–30 days where thunderstorms form. However, in the north bordering the Kimberley, 30-40 per year is the average.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} Summer daytime temperatures are some of the hottest in Australia.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} The range on the northern border near the Kimberley at Halls Creek is around {{convert|37|to|38|C|F}}, but this would be indicative of the low end of the range.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} Regions further south average {{convert|38|to|42|C|F}} except when monsoonal cloud cover is active. Several people have died in this region after their vehicles have broken down on remote tracks.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} Winters are short and warm; temperatures range from {{convert|25|to|30|C|F}}. Frost does not occur in most of the area. The regions bordering the Gibson Desert in the far southeast may record a light frost or two every year.{{citation needed|date=July 2011}} Away from the coast winter nights can still be chilly in comparison to the warm days. {{Weather box|location = Telfer, Western Australia (temperatures, extremes and rain data 1974 - 2013) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 48.1 |Feb record high C = 47.1 |Mar record high C = 45.1 |Apr record high C = 41.2 |May record high C = 38.0 |Jun record high C = 33.9 |Jul record high C = 33.4 |Aug record high C = 36.0 |Sep record high C = 41.3 |Oct record high C = 44.1 |Nov record high C = 46.0 |Dec record high C = 47.5 |year record high C = 48.1 |Jan high C = 40.6 |Feb high C = 38.6 |Mar high C = 37.3 |Apr high C = 34.5 |May high C = 29.1 |Jun high C = 25.3 |Jul high C = 25.3 |Aug high C = 28.4 |Sep high C = 32.7 |Oct high C = 37.0 |Nov high C = 39.4 |Dec high C = 40.2 |year high C = 34.0 |Jan low C = 26.0 |Feb low C = 25.4 |Mar low C = 23.9 |Apr low C = 20.6 |May low C = 15.3 |Jun low C = 11.9 |Jul low C = 10.6 |Aug low C = 12.5 |Sep low C = 16.5 |Oct low C = 20.8 |Nov low C = 23.4 |Dec low C = 25.4 |year low C = 19.4 |Jan record low C = 17.2 |Feb record low C = 17.7 |Mar record low C = 14.4 |Apr record low C = 11.5 |May record low C = 5.6 |Jun record low C = 2.1 |Jul record low C = 3.0 |Aug record low C = 2.5 |Sep record low C = 6.2 |Oct record low C = 10.5 |Nov record low C = 13.0 |Dec record low C = 16.5 |year record low C = 2.1 |rain colour=green |Jan rain mm = 49.1 |Feb rain mm = 102.7 |Mar rain mm = 77.3 |Apr rain mm = 20.0 |May rain mm = 18.5 |Jun rain mm = 12.1 |Jul rain mm = 13.2 |Aug rain mm = 5.4 |Sep rain mm = 2.5 |Oct rain mm = 2.9 |Nov rain mm = 16.5 |Dec rain mm = 46.9 |year rain mm = 370.4 |Jan precipitation days = 7.5 |Feb precipitation days = 8.7 |Mar precipitation days = 5.9 |Apr precipitation days = 2.8 |May precipitation days = 2.7 |Jun precipitation days = 2.8 |Jul precipitation days = 1.5 |Aug precipitation days = 1.1 |Sep precipitation days = 0.8 |Oct precipitation days = 1.1 |Nov precipitation days = 2.4 |Dec precipitation days = 5.3 |year precipitation days = 42.6 |source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology[6] |date=May 2013}} EconomyIndigenous art is a huge industry in central Australia. Mines, most importantly the Telfer Gold Mine and Nifty Copper Mine, and cattle stations are found in the far west. Telfer is one of the largest gold mines in Australia. The undeveloped Kintyre uranium deposit lies south of Telfer. Fauna and floraThe vegetation of the Great Sandy Desert is dominated by spinifex.[7] Animals occurring in the region include feral camels, dingoes, goannas (including the large perentie) and numerous species of lizards and birds. Other animal inhabitants include bilbies, mulgara, marsupial moles, rufous hare-wallabies, thorny devils, bearded dragons, and red kangaroos. Some of the bird-life found within the desert include the rare Alexandra's parrot, the mulga parrot and the scarlet-chested parrot.[8] See also{{stack|{{Portal|Australia|Geography|Environment}}}}
References1. ^{{Cite journal|author=Environment Australia |title=Revision of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) and Development of Version 5.1 - Summary Report |publisher=Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Australian Government |url=http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/version5-1/summary-report/index.html |accessdate=2007-01-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905215218/http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/version5-1/summary-report/index.html |archivedate=2006-09-05 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 2. ^IBRA Version 6.1 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908221444/http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/version6-1/index.html |date=2006-09-08 }} data 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.outback-australia-travel-secrets.com/australian_deserts.html#australian_deserts_size|title=Outback Australia - Australian Deserts|year=2010|accessdate=2010-08-30}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/series/paper4/gsd.html|title=Department of the Environment WA - Refugia for Biodiversity|year=2009|accessdate=2010-08-30}} 5. ^Wilurarra Creative 2011; 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_013030_All.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations - Telfer Aero}} 7. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Great_Sandy-Tanami_desert?topic=49597 |year= |title =Great Sandy-Tanami Desert |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Earth |publisher=National Council for Science and the Environment }} 8. ^{{NatGeo ecoregion|id=aa1304|name=Great Sandy-Tanami desert|accessdate=2010-08-30}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category-inline}}{{Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA)}}{{Deserts}}{{Coord|20|S|125|E|source:dewiki_region:AU-WA_scale:5000000_type:landmark|display=title}} 8 : Biogeography of Western Australia|Deserts of the Northern Territory|Deserts of Western Australia|Ergs|Great Sandy Desert|Pilbara|Canning Stock Route|Kimberley (Western Australia) |
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